Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/berzъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *bérˀźas, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerHǵós.

Noun

*bèrzъ m

1. birch

Inflection

Declension of *berzъ (hard o-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*berzъ	*berza	*berzi
genitive	*berza	*berzu	*berzъ
dative	*berzu	*berzoma	*berzomъ
accusative	*berzъ	*berza	*berzy
instrumental	*berzъmь, *berzomь*	*berzoma	*berzy
locative	*berzě	*berzu	*berzěxъ
vocative	*berze	*berza	*berzi

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

See also

• *bèrza f

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Ukrainian: бéрез (bérez) (dialectal)
• South Slavic:
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: брȅз (dialectal)

    Latin script: brȅz (dialectal)

  • Slovene: brèz (tonal orthography)

Further reading

• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1974), “*berzъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 1 (*a – *besědьlivъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 207
• Anikin, A. E. (2009) “берёза I”, in Русский этимологический словарь [Russian Etymological Dictionary] (in Russian), numbers 3 (бе – болдыхать), Moscow: Manuscript Monuments Ancient Rus, →ISBN, page 114

Adjective

*berzъ

1. striped, white with black
2. (relational) birch

Inflection

Indefinite declension of *berzъ (hard, accent paradigm c)

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*berzъ	*berza	*berzo
genitive	*berza	*berzy	*berza
dative	*berzu	*berzě	*berzu
accusative	*berzъ	*berzǫ	*berzo
instrumental	*berzomь	*berzojǫ	*berzomь
locative	*berzě	*berzě	*berzě
vocative	*berze	*berzo	*berzo
dual	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*berza	*berzě	*berzě
genitive	*berzu	*berzu	*berzu
dative	*berzoma	*berzama	*berzoma
accusative	*berza	*berzě	*berzě
instrumental	*berzoma	*berzama	*berzoma
locative	*berzu	*berzu	*berzu
vocative	*berza	*berzě	*berzě
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*berzi	*berzy	*berza
genitive	*berzъ	*berzъ	*berzъ
dative	*berzomъ	*berzamъ	*berzomъ
accusative	*berzy	*berzy	*berza
instrumental	*berzy	*berzami	*berzy
locative	*berzěxъ	*berzaxъ	*berzěxъ
vocative	*berzi	*berzy	*berza

Definite declension of *berzъ (hard, accent paradigm c)

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*berzъjь	*berzaja	*berzoje
genitive	*berzajego	*berzyję̇	*berzajego
dative	*berzujemu	*berzěji	*berzujemu
accusative	*berzъjь	*berzǫjǫ	*berzoje
instrumental	*berzyjimь	*berzǫjǫ	*berzyjimь
locative	*berzějemь	*berzěji	*berzějemь
vocative	*berzъjь	*berzaja	*berzoje
dual	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*berzaja	*berzěji	*berzěji
genitive	*berzuju	*berzuju	*berzuju
dative	*berzyjima	*berzyjima	*berzyjima
accusative	*berzaja	*berzěji	*berzěji
instrumental	*berzyjima	*berzyjima	*berzyjima
locative	*berzuju	*berzuju	*berzuju
vocative	*berzaja	*berzěji	*berzěji
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*berziji	*berzyję̇	*berzaja
genitive	*berzъjixъ	*berzъjixъ	*berzъjixъ
dative	*berzyjimъ	*berzyjimъ	*berzyjimъ
accusative	*berzyję̇	*berzyję̇	*berzaja
instrumental	*berzyjimi	*berzyjimi	*berzyjimi
locative	*berzyjixъ	*berzyjixъ	*berzyjixъ
vocative	*berziji	*berzyję̇	*berzaja

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: *березꙑи (*berezyi)
    • Ukrainian: *бере́зий (*berézyj)
      • ⇒ Ukrainian: бере́за f (beréza) (obsolete)
    • ⇒? Russian: берéзни (berézni) (dialectal)
    • ⇒ Old East Slavic: Березꙑи (Berezyi) (toponym)
      • Old Ruthenian: Бере́зый (Berézyj)
        • Ukrainian: Бере́зий (Berézyj)
      • Russian: Бере́зый (Berézyj)
• South Slavic:
  • Bulgarian: бря́з (brjáz)
    • ⇒ Bulgarian: бря́зък (brjázǎk) (archaic, dialectal)
    • → Romanian: breaz

Further reading

• Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982), “бере́за²”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volumes 1 (А – Г), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 171
• Stryzhak, O. S., editor (1985), “Бєрєзыи”, in Етимологічний словник літописних географічних назв Південної Русі [Etymological Dictionary of Chronicle Geographical Names of Southern Rus'] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 19
• Anikin, A. E. (2009) “Березыи”, in Русский этимологический словарь [Russian Etymological Dictionary] (in Russian), numbers 3 (бе – болдыхать), Moscow: Manuscript Monuments Ancient Rus, →ISBN, page 119