Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kaliti
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
From *kalъ (“mud, dirt”) + *-iti.
Verb[edit]
*kaliti[1]
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Etymology 2[edit]
Uncertain.
According to one hypothesis, cognate with Latin callus (“hard”) and a group of Celtic words with senses like 'hard, strong, cruel', e. g. Gaulish Caleti, Old Irish calad, Welsh caled etc. Thus possibly derived from Proto-Indo-European *keHl-/*kHl-.
According to Trubachev, a Slavic semantical development in the Iron Age from *kaliti I, explained by clay (which was used in the tempering process) muddling the water in which the metal ware was tempered. In such a case the aforementioned Celtic words may have developed from *ḱlH-eto (“cold”), see Proto-Celtic *kaletos, as proposed by Joseph (leaving callus without an etymology).
Relation to Latvian kàlstu, kàlst (“to dry up, solidify”) is unclear.
Verb[edit]
*kaliti[2]
- to temper
- to case-harden
Descendants[edit]
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading[edit]
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “кали́ть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
References[edit]
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*kaliti II”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 220: “v. ‘soil’”
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*kaliti I”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 219: “v. ‘temper, case-harden’”