Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kapati
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Either of onomatopaeic origin (from the sound made by dripping water cap!) or an enlonged grade of Proto-Slavic *kopati (“to dig, to ditch”), akin to Lithuanian kapóti (“to hack, to chop”), Latvian kapât (“to chop”), and Ancient Greek κόπτω (kóptō, “to strike, to shake”). Often compared to Proto-Indo-Iranian *kapʰas (“phlegm, mucus”), which however may be from non-Indo-European substratum.
Verb[edit]
*kàpati impf (perfective *kapnǫti)[1][2]
- to drip
Inflection[edit]
Conjugation of *kapati, *kapa, *kapľetь (impf., -a/j-, s-aorist, accent paradigm a)
Suffix: *-ati
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *kapanьje | *kapati | *kapatъ | *kapalъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *kapanъ | *kapľemъ |
| Active | *kapavъ | *kapľę |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *kapaxъ | *kapa | *kapa | *kapľǫ | *kapľeši | *kapľetь |
| Dual | *kapaxově | *kapasta | *kapaste | *kapľevě | *kapľeta | *kapľete |
| Plural | *kapaxomъ | *kapaste | *kapašę | *kapľemъ | *kapľete | *kapľǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *kapaaxъ | *kapaaše | *kapaaše | — | *kapľi | *kapľi |
| Dual | *kapaaxově | *kapaašeta | *kapaašete | *kapľivě | *kapľita | — |
| Plural | *kapaaxomъ | *kapaašete | *kapaaxǫ | *kapľimъ | *kapľite | — |
Related terms[edit]
- *kapъ (“culvert, drainage”)
- *kapъka (“droplet, drop”)
- *kapь (“drop”)
- *kapľa (“droplet”)
- *kapežь (“leakage”)
Derived terms[edit]
- *jьzkapati (“to drop out”)
- *zakapati (“to leak down, to rot”)
- *okapati (“to fall down”)
- *sъkapati (“to fall apart, to break down”)
- *prokapati (“to leak through”)
- *perkapati (“to drip a single droplet”)
- *prikapati (“to add a droplet”)
Descendants[edit]
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading[edit]
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “ка́пать”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1983), “*kapati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 9 (*jьz – *klenьje), Moscow: Nauka, page 144
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1979), “капя, капвам, капна”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 2 (и – крепя̀), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 227
References[edit]
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “kapati: kapljǫ kapljetь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a (PR 13; MP 233)”
- ^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “kápati”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*ka̋pati”