Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/lixva

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Borrowed from Gothic *𐌻𐌴𐌹𐍈𐌰 (*leiƕa), from 𐌻𐌴𐌹𐍈𐌰𐌽 (leiƕan, “to lend”), from Proto-Germanic *līhwaną (“to lend”), from Proto-Indo-European *léykʷt, from *leykʷ- (“to leave”).

Noun

*lixva f

1. interest
2. usury

Inflection

Declension of *lixva (hard a-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*lixva	*lixvě	*lixvy
genitive	*lixvy	*lixvu	*lixvъ
dative	*lixvě	*lixvama	*lixvamъ
accusative	*lixvǫ	*lixvě	*lixvy
instrumental	*lixvojǫ, *lixvǫ**	*lixvama	*lixvami
locative	*lixvě	*lixvu	*lixvasъ, *lixvaxъ*
vocative	*lixvo	*lixvě	*lixvy

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Russian: лихва́ (lixvá)
  • Ukrainian: ли́хва́ (lýxvá)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: лихва (lixva)
    • Bulgarian: ли́хва (líhva)
    • Macedonian: лихва (lihva)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: ли̏хва

    Latin script: lȉhva

  • Slovene: lȋhva
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: lichva
  • Polish: lichwa
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: lichwa

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “ли́хва́”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress