Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/sormъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *śarmas, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱer(H)- (“pain, harm”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *harmaz (“harm”), Persian شرم (šarm, “shame”). Probably further akin to Latvian sērmelis (“terror”).

Formally comparable with Lithuanian šarmá (“hoarfrost”), but uncertain if related.

Noun

*sȏrmъ m

1. shame

Declension

Declension of *sȏrmъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm c)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*sȏrmъ	*sȏrma	*sȏrmi
genitive	*sȏrma	*sormù	*sõrmъ
dative	*sȏrmu	*sormomà	*sormòmъ
accusative	*sȏrmъ	*sȏrma	*sȏrmy
instrumental	*sȏrmъmь, *sȏrmomь*	*sormomà	*sormý
locative	*sȏrmě	*sormù	*sormě̃xъ
vocative	*sorme	*sȏrma	*sȏrmi

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Derived terms

• *sormiti (“to ashame”)
  • *sormežь/*sorměžь (“ashamement”)
• *sormovati (“to cause shame”)
• *sormota (“disgrace”)
• *sormьje (“disgrace”)
• *sormьnъ (“shameful”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: соромъ (soromŭ)
    • Belarusian: со́рам (sóram)
    • Russian: соро́м (soróm) (regional or dated)
    • Ukrainian: со́ром (sórom)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic script: срамъ (sramŭ)

    Glagolitic script: ⱄⱃⰰⰿⱏ (sramŭ)

    • Bulgarian: срам (sram)
    • → Russian: срам (sram)
  • Macedonian: срам (sram)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: сра̑м

    Latin script: srȃm

  • Slovene: srȃm (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Czech:
  • Slovak:
  • Old Polish: srom
    • Polish: srom
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: srom

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “сором”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Todorov, T. A., Racheva, M., editors (2010), “срам”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 7 (слòво – теря̀свам), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 408
• “šarma”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012