Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/soxa

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *śokˀāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱokh₂-. Cognates within Baltic include Latvian sakas pl (“collar”), čaka (“stick”), Lithuanian šakà, šãkė (“branch”). Further related to Gothic 𐌷𐍉𐌷𐌰 (hōha, “plough”), Sanskrit शाखा (śākhā, “branch”). The Slavic *-x- is typically explained as result of spirantization of PIE *-kh₂-. Compare however Russian осо́ка (osóka, “sedge”), possibly from the same root.

Additionally reminiscent of Proto-Germanic *sahsą (“stone, knife”), Latin saxum (“stone”) from Proto-Indo-European *sek- (“to cut”) (whence Proto-Slavic *sěčivo (“edge tool”)).

Noun

soxà f

1. forked stick
2. wooden plow

Declension

Declension of *soxà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm c)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*soxà	*sȍśě	*sȍxy
genitive	*soxý	*soxù	*sòxъ
dative	*sośě̀	*soxàma	*soxàmъ
accusative	*sȍxǫ	*sȍśě	*sȍxy
instrumental	*soxojǫ́	*soxàma	*soxàmi
locative	*sȍśě	*soxù	*soxàsъ, *soxàxъ*
vocative	*soxo	*sȍśě	*sȍxy

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.

Derived terms

• *orzsoxa (“fork”)
• *posoxъ, *posoxa (“staff”)
• *sošьka (“baluster”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: соха (soxa)
    • Belarusian: саха́ (saxá)
    • Russian: соха́ (soxá)
    • Ukrainian: соха́ (soxá)
• South Slavic:
  • Bulgarian: соха́ (sohá)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: со̀ха

    Latin script: sòha

    • Chakavian (Vrgada): sohȁ
  • Slovene: sóhа (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: socha
    • Czech: socha
      • Moravian (Mistřice): socha
  • Old Polish: socha
    • Polish: socha
  • Slovak: socha
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: socha
    • Upper Sorbian: socha

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “соха́”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Todorov, T. A., Racheva, M., editors (2010), “соха”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 7 (слòво – теря̀свам), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 371