Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/krukkju

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Germanic *krukjō, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *grewg-.

Noun

*krukkju f

1. curved staff
2. crutch

Inflection

ō-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*krukkju
Genitive	*krukkjā
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*krukkju	*krukkjō
Accusative	*krukkjā	*krukkjā
Genitive	*krukkjā	*krukkjō
Dative	*krukkjē	*krukkjōm, *krukkjum
Instrumental	*krukkju	*krukkjōm, *krukkjum

Descendants

• Old English: cryċċ, criċċ, cryċ
  • Middle English: crucche, croch, croche, crouch, cruche
    • English: crutch
    • Scots: crutch
• Old Frisian: *krukk, *krekk, *krek
  • Saterland Frisian: Krukke, Kruke (possibly from Low German)
  • West Frisian: kruk (possibly from Dutch)
• Old Saxon: krukka
  • Middle Low German: krucke, krocke, krücke
    • German Low German: Krück
    • Low German: krukke, Krükke, Krück
    • → Danish: krykke
    • → Old Swedish: krykkia
      • Swedish: krycka
    • → Norwegian: krykke, krykkje
• Old Dutch: *krukka
  • Middle Dutch: crucke, cricke, crocke
    • Dutch: kruk (see there for further descendants)
• Old High German: krucka
  • Middle High German: krücke
    • Cimbrian: khrukha
    • German: Krücke

  Lombardic: *krukkja

  • → Italian: gruccia

• → Latin: crucia, crucea, cruccia, crucca, croccia
  • Franco-Provençal: crosse, croche
  • Italo-Dalmatian
    • Italian: croccia (Tuscan and central dialects)
    • Neapolitan: croccia, corcia, crocia
    • Sicilian: crozza
  • Piedmontese: cròssa
  • Old French: crosse
    • Middle French: crosse
      • French: crosse
        • → Portuguese: crossa
  • Old Occitan: cròça
    • Occitan: cròça