User:-sche/Volga

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Volga German. See also Mennonite Low German.

Volga German (in Russia
unless otherwise noted)		 Penn. German Palatine German Standard German English + notes
aich (Kraft, etc)3
ouch (Boaro, Orlowskoi, Jost, etc)3		 aach auch also
Aijǝr3 (sg. Ei3 = Ai)
Oaeir (Stahl am Tarlyk)4		 Oier (sg. Oi) Aaje(r) (sg. Aai) Eier (sg. Ei) eggs (sg. egg)
Ais2 Eis Eis (Ais) Eis
Ambar1,3 — — — granary (from Russian, per DN and Koch)
Baa (=/bãː/) (many dialects),2 Baan
Bein (Katharinenstadt)3		 Bein
Baam2 (sp. Bahm by 1) (most dialects)2,a
Boum (some dialects)2,a;3		 Baam Baam Baum tree
blaiwa (bleiva1, blaiwǝ3) bleiwe (bleiwe) bleiben remain, stay
(bloos?)
blosUSA (blōs3)		 blooss, blos bloß just
breet (Jost, Boaro, Orlowskoi)2
braat (Kraft, Balzer, Seelmann)2		 breet, breed bräät, braat, breet, bräit, braait breit broad, wide
daërf,1 därf3 darf may
deim1 deinem your (dative)
daitsch2 (deitsch1) deitsch deitsch deutsch German
der1;USA (dr2,3, där3) der der the (m.)
die1;USA (die, de2; di3) die die die the (f.)
dorch (dȏrç ~ dorç3) durch through
ehr,2,5 ihr,5 īr3 ihr you (pl.)
Erbus (pl. Erbusen) — — (Wassermelone) watermelon (from Russian; per multiple sources)
Fleesch (Jost, Boaro, Orlowskoi)2
Flaasch (Kraft, Balzer, Seelmann)2		 Fleesch Flääsch, Fleesch Fleisch (flesh, meat)
Fraa1,2 Fraa Fraa Frau woman
g'brodna (g'brodnuh1)
g(ǝ)brᾱdnǝ		 gebratene
g'drei (gedrei)1 getreu
g'fun1
gfune (gǝfunǝ)3		 gefunden found (participle)
g(e)sogt2
g(ǝ)saxt3
jesogt, jesoot (ECG-influenced dialects)2		 gesagt said (participle)
g'sotza1 gesessen sat down (participle)
gern2 (gaern1, gärn3) gern gladly
gautze (gautza)1 gauze gautzen to bark (verb)
geha1 gehen go, walk
geknoobbert1
knawrǝ3		 geknabbert
knabbern		 nibbled (participle)
nibble
gell1 gelt innit?
genug
ĝǝnuk ~ gǝnux3		 genug enough
glaich2 ĝlaiç3 gleich
Glaader1 (in 'aa' dialects)
ḡleid- (Katharinenstadt)3
Kloadr (Stahl am Tarlyk)4		 Kleider
glaawe2 glaawe glaawe glauben believe
Glaawe Glaawe Glaawe Glaube belief
Glick1 Glick Glick Glück
groos2,b (grōs3), grous2,b
grossUSA		 grooss groß, gruß, grouß groß great, big
Haiser2 (Haizr3) Heiser Haise(r) Häuser houses
Hinnerhof1 Hinnerhof Hinterhof
Hof1 (Hōf3) Hof Hof Hof yard (etc)
ich2;USA (iç3) ich ich ich I
in1,3 in in in in
iwwer1 (iwer, iwr2) iwwer über over
Jor1 Jor, Johr Johr Jahr year
kaa (=/kãː/) (many dialects)2
kee (some dialects)3		 kee, ken kein no(t any)
kaafe (Kraft, Seelmann, Balzer, Mariental)2
(sp. kawa by 1)
gouf- (Boaro, Orlowskoi, Jost)2
kouwe /kouwǝ/ (Katharinenstadt)3		 kaufen buy
Kalenner1 Kalender calendar
Kaerrich1
Gärche (ECG-influenced dialects)2		 Karrich, Kaerrich Kä(r)ch, Karrich Kirch(e) church
Kopp1,3 Kopp Kopp Kopf head
Kraut2 Kraut
Kreitz1 (=Kraitz?) Kreuz
Kuche1 (kūɤǝ3) Kuchen cake
Lait2,3 (Leit1) Leute people
Mann2;USA Mann Mann Mann man
Maul2 Maul
Maus2 Maus
meer2 (also sp. mehr1, mer, mr2, mir3) mir, mer mee(r) wir we
mei liewer1 mein lieber
mer (mr)2 mer mer man one
Milich1 (Miliç3) Millich (Milich) Milch
Miststaan (Mistshtahnh1) Miststeine manure brick(s)
(a)mohl1 (ein)mal
nei1 neu
net1 net net nicht
nix1 nix nichts
nuf1 hinauf
Oved1 (=Owed?) Owet Owe(n)d Abend evening
oveds1 (=oweds?) owets oweds abends (in the) evenings
Paif2 (Peif1, but Faif3) Peif Pfeife pipe
Punt2 (Pund1) Pund Pund Pfund
Reitstaan (Reitstaanh1?) Reitstein(e)
s2 es it
s3 das the (n.)
sche,1 shae,1 schen2 schee schön beautiful
Schnitzsopp un Krepbel1 (weekend supper)
Schprooch2 Schprooch, Sprooch Sprooch Sprache language
schraiwe (also schreiwe)2 schreiwe schreiwe schreiben write
sei,2 seim1 sein, seinem his
sein1 sind
sin,2;USA sein2
bin (Katharinenstadt)3		 bin sin bin am
Staan (Staan, Shtahnh by 1) Schtee Schdää Stein(e) stone
ufstehe (ufsteha)1 aufstehen
un1,2 un un und
venna1 (=wenna?) wenden turn (over)
wolle2 (volla1) wollen
vor1 vor vor
wammer1 wenn wir
wais2 (weissUSA), waise (waizǝ3)
but Stahl am Tarlyk prob. woas,
cf. SaT. hoas4 = heiß		 weiss weiß, weiße white
was2 was what
Wasser (Wazr3) Wasser water
wu1 wu wo
zu2 zu zu zu to
Zuvver1 Zober tub, large two-handled vessel
Sample Volga German sentence (made up by Koch):
  • Mehr volla mohl gaern in die sche gehl Kaerrich geha. : Wir wollen einmal gern in die schoene gelbe Kirche gehen. : We want to go into the beautiful yellow church.
Sample Volga German sentence from a community in Kansas (recorded by Weigel; the sentence in question was originally spoken in Russia when an army recruiter tried to recruit its speaker, who subsequently became famous in his community for it):
  • Ne, ich sin blos a halber/halba Mann. : Nee, ich bin bloß ein halber Mann (=noch ein Junge). : No, I am just a half man (still a boy).
    (Palatine:) Ne, ich sin bloß een halwe(r) Mann.
Russian loans:
  • Erbus; also spelt Arbuus/Arbus/Arbuse, pl. Arbuse/Arbusen

1 Fred C. Koch, The Volga Germans: In Russia and the Americas, from 1763 to the Present

2 Georg Dinges, Über unsere Mundarten

a As of the 1920s, Baam was used in Kraft, Seelmann, Balzer, along the Großer Karaman including in Mariental, Lui, Rohleder, Graf, Herzog; in Stephan and Hussenbach auf der Bergseite, Näb, and Winckelmann. Boum was used in Katharinenstadt, Boaro, Orlowskoi, Fischer, Jost and Urbach.
b grous was the only form in Kraft as of the 1920s, and it was becoming the predominent form in many other places. gruus was formerly used in Warenburg and Kukkus, but already by the 1920s only by older speakers while the youth used grous. groosi was formerly used in Tscherbakowka.

3 Die Geschichte der Wolgadeutschen [in Katharinenstadt]

4 Erklärungen zur Sprachkarte der Wolgadeutschen Mutterkolonien

To be[edit]

Volga German Penn. German Palatine German Standard German English + notes
sin sei sei(n) sein to be
ich bin3,5 / sin2/sein2 ich bin ich bin, sein, sin ich bin I am
du bischt2 / bist3,5 du bischt du bischt, bisch du bist you (sg.) are
_, _, s2,5 is2,3,5 / isch2,5 er, sie, es iss _, _, 's is, isch er, sie, es ist he, she, it is
meer2/mir3 sin3 mer sin mer sin, sein wir sind we are
_ sait3 (seid5) ihr seid you (pl.) are
_ sin3,5 sie sin _ _, sein sie sind they are

Additional[edit]

additional things
Words from Koch with odd orthography:
Volga German (in Russia) Penn. German Palatine German Standard German English + notes
a'nahnner1 (=a'naanner?) enanner enanne(r) einander one another (together)
Awdler1 (spelling?) Aadler Adler Adler eagle
Brahnhtevhynh1 (spelling?) Branntwein brandy
Buva1 (=Buwa?) Bu, Buw(e) Buben boy
Duhlabahm1 (=-baam?) (Birnbaum) pear tree
faercht1 fürchtet fears
faermerich1 früher formerly (PA G. frieh = G. früh = E. early)
Fehderhof1 Vorderhof
gehl1 gelb(e) yellow
grex1 (spelling?) krächz(t) croak(s)
Shpeelagangh1 (spellling?) — — 'Spiele(n)gang' 'visit(ing)'
Shpeelageha1 (spellling?) — — 'Spiele(n)gehen' "visiting — a Volga German word,
not High German Spielegehen"
Steppe1 — Steppe steppe (from Russian per DN)
Steppetee1 'Steppetee' tea made from licorice root
Suess- (Süß-) -holztee1 'Süßholztee' tea made from licorice root
Tee1 Tee tea
The transcription of Volga German in America was influenced by German, and by English. From Weigel:
Volga German (in Kansas) Penn. German Palatine German Standard German English + notes
a en en ein a
alt alt (ald) alt
der g'schosna der Geschossene the one who was shot
dick dick thick, fat
Fertel Vertel Vertel Viertel quarter
Fiddel Fiedel fiddle
Fischa Fischer fisher
halba halber half
klen glee klein small
Knappmesser pocketknife
lang lang long, tall
ne nee no
rot rot rot rot red
schwartz (šwarts3) schwa(r)tz schwarz
still still (schweigsam) quiet, taciturn
young, younga yung, yunge jung, junge jung, junge young
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