User:Geographyinitiative/China's Final Warning
China's final warning[edit]
There is a rich treasure trove of geographical terminology connected with a series of apparently hundreds of warnings over the course of several decades from the People's Republic of China concerning alleged violations of territorial sovereignty.
I am not well acquainted with the subject and intend to use this page as a notepad or scratchboard for understanding the history of these warnings, with your help welcomed. I'm sure I will run into authoritative scholarly information in the course of doing this that will eclipse what I'm doing, but I envision every stage of this process as helping Wiktionary and Wikipedia to grow on its knowledge of the subject as I am growing.
The final form of the information I am collecting here should appear at China's final warning or some such similar page in my opinion, yet (apparently?) does not. So a final goal of this project would be to determine where, if anywhere, this information might be appropriate on Wikipedia or WMF sites.
The mid-range goal would consist of enriching the quotations and citations for Wiktionary entries related to the geographical terms discussed in the warnings.
The most basic goal would be for me personally to just have a basic grasp of what actually happened- how many warnings were there, when the warnings started and ended, what got reported in what media outlets, who has done scholarly work on the subject, etc. "What is this?"
- 1-99 (1958-1960)
- 100-199 (1960-1962)
- 200-299 (1962-1964)
- 300-399 (1964-1966)
- 400-497 (1966-1971)
Dwight D. Eisenhower 1953-1961[edit]
1958[edit]
1[edit]
September 7, 1958 [1]
16[edit]
September 28, 1958 Amoy Fukien [2]
17[edit]
18[edit]
September 30, 1958 [4]
23[edit]
October 6, 1958 [5]
24[edit]
October 8, 1958 [6]
25[edit]
October 8, 1958 [7]
27[edit]
October 11, 1958 Matsu [8]
28[edit]
October 11, 1958 Matsu [9]
30[edit]
October 13, 1958 [10]
31[edit]
October 14, 1958 Pingtan [11]
34[edit]
October 17, 1958 Pingtan Matsu [12]
42[edit]
November 17, 1958 [13]
43[edit]
November 29, 1958 [14]
44[edit]
December 3, 1958 Yushan Taichou Chekiang [15]
45[edit]
December 6, 1958 Chekiang, Fukien, Kiangsi [16]
1959[edit]
47[edit]
January 10, 1959 Matsu Tungyin Fukien [17]
- 1959 January 10, A179[18], Associated Press Clippings, sourced from LONDON (AP), page 5794, column 1:
- PEIPING RADIO SAID TODAY COMMUNIST CHINA ISSUED ITS 47TH "SERIOUS WARNING" TO THE UNITED STATES FOR ALLEGED VIOLATION OF CHINA'S TERRITORIAL WATERS.
THE BROADCAST CLAIMED AN AMERICAN WARSHIP VIOLATED CHINA'S TERRITORIAL WATERS IN THE MATSU AND TUNGYIN ISLAND AREAS OF FUKIEN PROVINCE.
48[edit]
April 2, 1959 [19]
52[edit]
June 27, 1959 [20]
- 1959 June 28, “Chinese Charge Air Violations By U. S. Planes”, in Monroe Morning World[21], volume 30, number 224, Monroe, Louisiana, sourced from Tokyo (AP), →OCLC, page 6-A, column 4:
- Radio Peiping said one plane had "intruded into China's territorial air space" over Yunghsing, Pei and Shu Islands in the Hsisha Islands, Kwangtung Province, and another over Tung Island in the Hsisha.
54[edit]
July 5, 1959 [22]
55[edit]
July 7, 1959 Fukien [23]
56[edit]
July 13, 1959 Kwangtung [24]
58[edit]
- 1959 July 20, “U.S. Plane Accused Of Air Violation”, in The Cumberland News[25], volume 21, number 239, Cumberland, Maryland, sourced from Tokyo (AP), page 1, column 8:
- Peiping radio said a U.S. Navy aircraft violated Chinese Communist air space over Pingtan and White Dog islands off the coastal province of Fukien Sunday and added that a Red foreign ministry spokesman was "authorized to issue its 58th serious warning against the intrusion."
60[edit]
July 25, 1959 Yinghsing Shih Paracels [26]
62[edit]
- 1959 August 23 [1959 August 22], “Peking Charges U. S. Violated Air Space”, in The Washington Post[27], volume 82, number 261, sourced from London UPI, →ISSN, →OCLC, page A 15, column 7:
- A United States Navy patrol plane today violated Communist China's air space, Radio Peking charged in a broadcast heard here.
The broadcast said the alleged violation occured over Yunghsing Island in the Hsisha group off the Southern China province of Kwangtung. Peking said the Chinese foreign ministry issued the "62nd warning regarding provocation by United States military aircraft" as a result of the alleged vilolation[sic – meaning violation].
63[edit]
- 1959 August 25 [1959 August 24], “Peking Protest”, in The China Mail[28], number 37444, sourced from AFP, →OCLC, page 2, column 2:
- A patrol plane of the U.S. Navy intruded over Yunghsing, Chung and Pei islands, Kwangtung Province, this morning, Radio Peking reported.
A spokesman of the Chinese Foreign Ministry has been authorized to give the sixty-third serious warning regarding the military provocation by U.S. military aircraft.
1960[edit]
95[edit]
- 1960 May 14 [1960 May 13], “Peking Charges U. S. Plane Flight”, in The Washington Post[29], volume 83, number 161, sourced from Peking, →ISSN, →OCLC, page A 4, column 6:
- Today's intrusion, the spoekman said, followed "immediately after the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China issued on May 11 its 95th serious warning against the intrusion of a U. S. naval patrol airplane into China's air space over Yunghsing Island in the Hsisha Islands, Kwangtung province."
96[edit]
May 13, 1960 Formosa, Quemoy, Matsu, Paracel Islands [30]
99[edit]
May 25, 1960 Formosa, offshore islands [31]
100[edit]
May 26, 1960 [32]
101[edit]
May 29, 1960 Kwangtung [33]
104[edit]
- 1960 June 5, “China Charges U.S. Military Plane Intrusion”, in Independent-Press-Telegram[34], volume 8, number 41, Long Beach, Cali., sourced from Tokyo (UPI), page C-6, column 4:
- China charged that U.S. military planes intruded in Chinese territorial air on two occasions Saturday and immediately issued a warning, its 104th, against "military provocations."
The New China News Agency said the first plane intruded over the Yunghsing, Shih and Pei Islands in the Hsisha island group, Kwangtung provience[sic – meaning province], between 9:55 a.m. and 10:04 a.m.
128[edit]
- 1960 December 12, “'Intruder' Report”, in The Daily Record[35], volume 72, number 215, Stroudsburg, PA., sourced from Tokyo AP, →OCLC, page 2, column 7:
- Peiping radio claimed an American naval patrol plane “intruded” Saturday night over Communist China - held Yunghsing and Shin islands in the Paracel Islands off mainland south China. A spokesman for Peiping's Foreign Ministry, the broadcast said, was authorized to issue what it described as the "128th serious warning against this military provocation by a U.S. military aircraft."
1961[edit]
John F. Kennedy 1961-1963[edit]
149[edit]
May 8, 1961 Pinghai, Swabue in Kwantung [36]
159[edit]
July 4, 1961 Guangdong Xisha Yongxing *
169[edit]
September 3, 1961 Kwantung [38]
172[edit]
mid-September [39]
1962[edit]
197[edit]
April 16, 1962 Shandong Qingdao *
200[edit]
201[edit]
May 5, 1962 Hsisha [42]
208[edit]
June 24, 1962 Guangdong Shangchuan Dao *
221[edit]
November 23, 1962 Hsisha [44]
1963[edit]
235[edit]
Coastal Area of Fukien [45]
236[edit]
March 27, 1963 Yunghsing, Pei, Tung [46]
249[edit]
- 1963 July 6, “Charge Violation”, in The Cumberland News[47], volume 25, number 222, Cumberland, Maryland, sourced from Tokyo (UPI), page 2, column 5:
- Communist China charged Friday that a U.S. military plane intruded into Red air space and issued its "249th serious warning" against such alleged incidents, the New China news agency said.
The news agency said that the American plane intruded into "China's territorial air over the Yunghsing, Pei and Shu islands of the Hsisha Island group in Kwangtung Province this afternoon."
264[edit]
October 1963 [48]
268[edit]
November 2, 1963 Yunghsing Tung Kwangtung [49]
Lyndon Johnson 1963-1969[edit]
1964[edit]
276[edit]
January 28, 1964 [50]
280[edit]
mid-March [51]
297[edit]
June 21, 1964 福建省白犬 [52]
300[edit]
July 1, 1964 [53]
307[edit]
August 9, 1964 [54]
329[edit]
September 27, 1964 [55]
338[edit]
October 29, 1964 Pingtan Meichow Fukien [56]
345[edit]
November 20, 1964 Fukien [57]
369[edit]
December 3, 1964 [58]
353[edit]
December 25, 1964 [59]
1965[edit]
355[edit]
January 1, 1965 Fukien [60]
357[edit]
January 24, 1965 [61]
371[edit]
March 29, 1965 Hainan [62]
389[edit]
1965 [63]
1966[edit]
397[edit]
January 7, 1966 福建省平潭岛 广东省西沙群岛的永兴岛、东岛 [64]
400[edit]
April 5, 1966 Fukien [65]
402[edit]
May 24, 1966 Kwangtung [66]
418[edit]
December 15, 1966 [67]
419[edit]
December 25, 1966 Hainan [68]
1967[edit]
425[edit]
February 22, 1967 Wushih Hoihong Kwangtung Hainan [69]
- 1967 February 22, “Chinese Charge Plane Intruded Over Island”, in Pottstown Mercury[70], volume 36, number 126, Pottstown, PA, sourced from TOKYO (AP), page 2, column 4:
- Peking's official New China News Agency said the Chinese Foreign Ministry issued the 425th "serious" warning against the U.S. "provocations." […]
One Chinese fisherman was killed and three others were wounded the broadcast said. The two fishing boats belonging to the Wushih People's Commune of Hoihong County in Kwangtung Province were damaged, it added.
427[edit]
Pinghai, Kwangtung; Huangchi, Fukien; Tung & Yunghsing, Hsisha, Kwangtung
- 1967 March 5, “Red China Says U.S. Warships Intruded”, in Independent-Press-Telegram[71], volume 15, number 29, Long Beach, Cali., sourced from Tokyo UPI, page A-21, column 3:
- Communist China charged Sunday that three U.S. warships and two planes intruded into its territory Saturday and issued its 427th "serious warning" to the United States.
The New China News Agency said in a broadcast that two U.S. warships sailed into Red China's territorial waters off Pinhhai[sic – meaning Pinghai] in Kwangtung Province, and that a third warship entered Chinese waters southeast of Huangchi Peninsula in Fukien Province.
- 1967 March 6 [1967 March 4], “CHINA'S 427TH WARNING AGAINST PROVOCATIONS”, in Daily Report: Foreign Radio Broadcasts[72], number 44, Foreign Broadcast Information Service, sourced from Peking NCNA Domestic Service, translation of original in Chinese, →OCLC, page BBB 1[73]:
- Two U. S. warships intruded into China's territorial waters southeast of Pinghai in Kwangtung Province between 0323 and 0651 on 4 March.
On the same day, another U. S. warship intruded into China's territorial waters southeast of Huangchi Peninsula in Fukien Province between 0921 and 1957. […]
A spokesman of the Chinese Foreign Ministry has been authorized, in relation to those military provocations by U. S. military planes and warships, to issue the 427th serious warning.
1968[edit]
?[edit]
- 1968 February 28, “Peking Accuses U.S. Of Intruding”, in The Lincoln Star[74], volume 66, number 129, Lincoln, Nebraska, sourced from Tokyo (AP), →OCLC, page 24, column 4:
- Radio Peking said one plane intruded over territorial waters east of Namoa Island and another near Yunghsing Island, both off the coast of the southern province of Kwangtung.
451[edit]
- 1969 [1968 February 27], Joseph C. Goulden, “The Dangerous Business of Electronic Espionage”, in Truth is the First Casualty: The Gulf of Tonkin Affair—Illusion and Reality[75], James B. Adler, Inc., sourced from New China News Agency, →LCCN, →OCLC, pages 114-115:
- A U.S. military plane intruded over China's territorial waters in the area east of Namoa Island in Kwangtung Province between 0840 and 0846 on 27 February. Between 1117 and 1121 on the same day another U.S. military plane intruded into China's territorial air space over the Yunghsing Island of the Hsish[sic – meaning Hsisha] Islands in Kwangtung Province. A spokesman of the Chinese Foreign Ministry has been authorized in relation to these provocations by the U.S. military planes, to issue the 451st serious warning.
457[edit]
463[edit]
September 15/16, 1968 [77]
465?[edit]
October 30, 1968 [78]
1969[edit]
466[edit]
January 4, 1969 [79]
Richard Nixon 1969-1974[edit]
471[edit]
November 4, 1969 Pinghai Kwangtung [80]
1970[edit]
476[edit]
September 26, 1970 Guangdong Xisha Yongxing 广东省西沙群岛的永兴岛 [81]
477[edit]
November 23, 1970 Yunghsing Hsisha Kwangtung
478[edit]
December 15, 1970 Yunghsing Hsisha Kwangtung
1971[edit]
479[edit]
January 7, 1971 云南省勐腊 Yunnan Mengla 广东省西沙群岛的东岛、永兴岛 Guangdong Xisha Dong Yongxing [84]
480[edit]
1971 Yungshing [85]
481[edit]
February 2, 1971 [86]
482[edit]
- 1971 February 10 [1971 February 9], “PRC Issues 482d Serious Warning over U.S. Intrusion”, in Daily Report[87], number 28, Foreign Broadcast Information Service, sourced from Peking NCNA International Service, →OCLC, page A 14[88]:
- A U.S. military plane intruded into China's air space over the area of Tung Island of the Hsisha Islands in Kwangtung Province between 16:00 hours and 16:03 hours on February 9. A spokesman of the Chinese Foreign Ministry has been authorised, in relation to this military provocation by the U.S. military plane, to issue the 482nd serious warning.
483[edit]
February 17, 1971 Tungshan Fukien Tahsingshan Kwangtung
- 1971 February 18, Daily Report[89], Foreign Broadcast Information Service, page A 1:
484[edit]
February 22, 1971 [90]
485[edit]
March 6, 1971 Kwangtung Yunnan Kwangsi Chuang [91]
491[edit]
April 22, 1971 Paracel Islands Kwangtung [92]
492[edit]
May 22, 1971 [93]
494[edit]
July 23, 1971 Yunghsing Tung Kwangtung [94]
496[edit]
1971 [95]
497[edit]
December 24, 1971 Paracels [96] [97] 我提出第四百九十七次严重警告. 杭州: 《浙江日报》. 浙江日报社. 1971年12月25日.
49[edit]
- 1971 August 6, Robert S. Allen, “U. S. Studying To Ease New Tension With Taiwan”, in The Farmville Herald[98], volume 81, number 92, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 1B, columns 4-5:
- The other day, following the latest "U. S. air intrusion," Peking radio announced, "A spokesman of the Chinese Foreign Ministry has been authorized, in relation to the military provocation by U. S. military plane, to issue the 49th serious warning. The plane insolently intruded China's air space over the area of Yunghsing Island and Tung Island in the Kwangtung Province between 13:06 hours and 13:26 hours."
"500"[edit]
1972[edit]
Unnumbered[edit]
- 1972 March 24, Huang Hua, quotee, “Memorandum of Conversation, New York, March 24, 1972, 6:05-7:05 p.m.”, in Office of the Historian[100], archived from the original on September 26, 2012, Historical Documents[101]:
- “From 1840 hours on March 18, 1972 to 0935 hours on March 20, 1972, one U.S. warship, the George K. MacKenzie intruded into Chinese territorial waters near Tung Island, 16°, 14', 6” north, 112°, 43', 48” east, off the Hsi Sha Islands, Kwantung[sic – meaning Kwangtung] Province, China.
On March 19, one U.S. military aircraft further intruded into Chinese air space on five successive occasions: 0738 to 0759 hours, 1500 to 1504 hours, 1510 to 1517 hours, 1546 to 1644 hours, and 1743 to 1802 hours.
The Chinese Government has consistently in public warned the United States against intrusion, on whatever grounds, into the territorial air space or waters by U.S. aircraft or warships. Considering the fact that the above intrusion occurred shortly after President Nixon's visit to China, we are raising this matter privately and asking the U.S. side to guard against similar occasions.”
- 2006 [1972 April 3], “Message From the Government of the United States to the Government of the People's Republic of China”, in Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969-1972[102], volume XVII, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 873:
- 1. The U.S. side has made a full investigation of the incidents that the Chinese side brought to its attention on March 24, 1972.²
The U.S. side has verified that the ship and aircraft in question on the dates cited went within twelve nautical miles of the Paracel Islands but at no time moved closer to the Islands than three nautical miles. The ship and aircraft were conducting surveillance on an infiltration trawler engaged in carrying contraband in the vicinity of Lincoln (Tung) Island in the Paracels.
In the interest of U.S.-Chinese relations the U.S. side has issued instructions that henceforth a distance of at least twelve nautical miles should be maintained from the Paracel Islands. This is without prejudice to the U.S. positions either on the territorial sea question or the various claims to the Paracel Islands.
2016[edit]
Unnumbered[edit]
- 2016 January 30, Jane Perlez, “U.S. Challenges China’s Claim of Islands With Maritime Operation”, in The New York Times[103], →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on January 30, 2016, Asia Pacific[104]:
- The United States vessel, the missile destroyer Curtis Wilbur, entered the waters off Triton Island in the Paracel Islands chain on Saturday without giving China notice in an exercise intended to challenge “excessive maritime claims” by China and two other countries, said Mark Wright, a Pentagon spokesman. Vietnam and Taiwan also claim Triton Island, though the Navy operation appeared to be aimed at China. […]
In a statement on the website of the Chinese Foreign Ministry, Hua Chunying, a ministry spokeswoman, said, “The U.S. warship’s arbitrary entrance of China’s territorial water has violated the relevant Chinese law, and the Chinese side has taken relevant measures in accordance with the law including monitoring and warning.
2017[edit]
Unnumbered[edit]
- 2017 July 3, Thomas Gibbons-Neff, Simon Denyer, “China accuses U.S. of ‘serious provocation’ as warship sails near disputed island”, in The Washington Post[105], →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on July 03, 2017, World[106]:
- China has accused the United States of staging a “serious political and military provocation” after an American warship sailed near a disputed island in the South China Sea.
The USS Stethem, an American guided-missile destroyer, sailed within 12 nautical miles of Triton Island, a small landmass in the Paracel Islands chain, on Sunday, a U.S. defense official said, marking the second such operation since President Trump took office.