Wiktionary:About Proto-Celtic

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This page contains guidelines for Proto-Celtic reconstructions—notation, templates, and formatting. Proto-Celtic reconstructions are created in the Reconstruction namespace, as subpages, e.g. Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/makʷos for the reconstruction *makʷos.

Phonology

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There is very little agreement between authors on the notation used to represent Proto-Celtic. Here at Wiktionary we use the following symbols; please use only these symbols in reconstructions, adapting the source notation as necessary.

Vowels

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Short vowels a e i o u
Long vowels ā ī ū
Diphthongs au  āu  ai  āi  ei[V 1] ou  oi

Notes

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Consonants

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Labial consonants b ɸ[C 1] β[C 2] m
Dental/alveolar consonants t d s  z[C 3] n  l[C 4] r[C 4]
Palatal consonant y
Velar consonants k g x[C 3]
Labiovelar consonants kʷ  gʷ  w

Notes

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Morphology

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Nominals

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Nouns, adjectives, and pronouns are cited in their full nominative singular (masculine) forms (e.g. *makʷos, not *makʷo-, *windos, not *windo- or *windo/ā- or the like).

Verbs

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The lemma form for verbs is the third-person singular present indicative, as it is for both Proto-Indo-European verbs and Old Irish verbs.

References

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  1. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 9
  2. ^ Stifter, David (2017–2018) “Chapter XI: Celtic”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The phonology of Celtic, page 1193