pstk'

Middle Persian

Etymology

From unattested Old Persian *pistaka, probably from Proto-Iranian *pištakáh (“crushed”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pištás + *-ikas, from Proto-Indo-European *pis-tó-s, from *peys- (“to grind, crush”). The name perhaps refers to the ease of crushing pistachios and the culinary value of crushed pistachios.

Noun

pstk' • (pistag)

1. (Book Pahlavi) pistachio nut

Descendants

taking Middle Persian as representative for all Middle Iranian

• Persian: پسته (peste)
  • → Azerbaijani: püstə
  • → Bengali: পেস্তা (pesta)
  • → Georgian: ფისტა (pisṭa)
  • → Gujarati: પિસ્તા (pistā)
  • → Hindustani:

    Hindi: पिस्ता (pistā)

    Urdu: پستہ (pistā)

  • → Kazakh: пісте (pıste)
  • → Khalaj: pistə
  • → Marathi: पिस्ता (pistā)
  • → Ottoman Turkish: پسته (piste)
  • → Pashto: پسته (pistá)
  • → Punjabi:

    Gurmukhi script: ਪਿਸਤਾ (pistā)

    Shahmukhi script: پستا (pistā)

  • → Sindhi: پستو (pisto)
  • → Tatar: пестә (pestä)
  • → Uzbek: pista
• → Ancient Greek: πιστάκη (pistákē)
  • ⇒ Ancient Greek: πιστάκιον (pistákion) (see there for further descendants)
• → Arabic: فُسْتُق (fustuq)
  • Maltese: fosdoq
  • → Middle Armenian: ֆստուխ (fstux)
    • Armenian: ֆստըխ (fstəx), ֆըստըխ (fəstəx), ֆստխ (fstx), ֆստուղ (fstuġ), ֆստուխ (fstux), փստուղ (pʻstuġ), փստուխ (pʻstux)
  • → Old Catalan: festuchs, festuch, festuc
    • Catalan: festuc
  • → Spanish: alfóncigo, alfónsigo, alfóstiga
  • → Middle French: festuce, festue
  • → Old Occitan: festuc
    • →⇒ Old Occitan: fustet
      • Occitan: fustet
      • → Middle French: fustet, fustel, fustec, fustot
        • French: fustet, fustel, fustic, fustoc
          • → English: fustet, fustic, fustoc
          • → German: Fustet, Fustic, Fustetholz, Fusticholz, Fisetholz
          • → Spanish: fustoc
      • → Piedmontese: fustot
  • → Persian: فستق (fostoq, fostaq)
    • → Ottoman Turkish: فستق (fıstık)
      • Turkish: fıstık
      • → Albanian: fistik, fëstëk
      • → Belarusian: фісташка (fistaška) (influenced by French pistache)
      • → Bulgarian: фъстъ́к (fǎstǎ́k)
      • → Crimean Tatar: fıstıq
      • → English: fistichnut, fisticknut, fistinut
      • → Middle French: fistique
      • → Greek: φιστίκι (fistíki)
      • → Ladino: fustuk
      • → Macedonian: фастак (fastak), ф’стак (f’stak)
      • → Portuguese: fistico
      • → Romanian: fistic
      • → Russian: фиста́шка (fistáška)
        • → Armenian: ֆիստաշկա (fistaška)
        • → Bashkir: фисташка (fistaşka)
        • → Georgian: ფისტაშკა (pisṭašḳa) (informal)
        • → Polish: fistaszek
        • → Yiddish: פֿיסטאַשקע (fistashke)
      • → Ukrainian: фіста́шка (fistáška) (influenced by French pistache)
  • → Portuguese: alfóstico, alfóstigo, fóstico
  • → Swahili: fistiki
• → Aramaic:

  Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: פיסתקא (pistəqā), פסתקא (pistəqā)

  Classical Syriac: ܦܘܣܬܩܐ (pustəqā), ܦܷܣܬܩܐ (pestəqā)

• → Old Armenian: պիստակ (pistak), պստակ (pstak)
  • Armenian: պիստակ (pistak)

Further reading

• Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1979) “պիստակ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume IV, Yerevan: University Press, page 85ab
• MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “pistag”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 69
• Lokotsch, Karl (1927) Etymologisches Wörterbuch der europäischen Wörter orientalischen Ursprungs (in German), Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, § 1664, page 133b