shintsha

Zulu

Etymology

Borrowed from English change.

Verb

-shintsha

1. to change
2. to switch

Inflection

Tone L
Infinitive	ukushintsha
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukushintsha	ukungashintshi
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	shintsha	-shintshe
Plural	shintshani	-shintsheni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyashintsha, ngishintsha	engishintshayo, engishintsha	ngishintsha	angishintshi	engingashintshi	ngingashintshi
2nd singular	uyashintsha, ushintsha	oshintshayo, oshintsha	ushintsha	awushintshi	ongashintshi	ungashintshi
1st plural	siyashintsha, sishintsha	esishintshayo, esishintsha	sishintsha	asishintshi	esingashintshi	singashintshi
2nd plural	niyashintsha, nishintsha	enishintshayo, enishintsha	nishintsha	anishintshi	eningashintshi	ningashintshi
Class 1	uyashintsha, ushintsha	oshintshayo, oshintsha	eshintsha	akashintshi	ongashintshi	engashintshi
Class 2	bayashintsha, bashintsha	abashintshayo, abashintsha	beshintsha	abashintshi	abangashintshi	bengashintshi
Class 3	uyashintsha, ushintsha	oshintshayo, oshintsha	ushintsha	awushintshi	ongashintshi	ungashintshi
Class 4	iyashintsha, ishintsha	eshintshayo, eshintsha	ishintsha	ayishintshi	engashintshi	ingashintshi
Class 5	liyashintsha, lishintsha	elishintshayo, elishintsha	lishintsha	alishintshi	elingashintshi	lingashintshi
Class 6	ayashintsha, ashintsha	ashintshayo, ashintsha	eshintsha	awashintshi	angashintshi	engashintshi
Class 7	siyashintsha, sishintsha	esishintshayo, esishintsha	sishintsha	asishintshi	esingashintshi	singashintshi
Class 8	ziyashintsha, zishintsha	ezishintshayo, ezishintsha	zishintsha	azishintshi	ezingashintshi	zingashintshi
Class 9	iyashintsha, ishintsha	eshintshayo, eshintsha	ishintsha	ayishintshi	engashintshi	ingashintshi
Class 10	ziyashintsha, zishintsha	ezishintshayo, ezishintsha	zishintsha	azishintshi	ezingashintshi	zingashintshi
Class 11	luyashintsha, lushintsha	olushintshayo, olushintsha	lushintsha	alushintshi	olungashintshi	lungashintshi
Class 14	buyashintsha, bushintsha	obushintshayo, obushintsha	bushintsha	abushintshi	obungashintshi	bungashintshi
Class 15	kuyashintsha, kushintsha	okushintshayo, okushintsha	kushintsha	akushintshi	okungashintshi	kungashintshi
Class 17	kuyashintsha, kushintsha	okushintshayo, okushintsha	kushintsha	akushintshi	okungashintshi	kungashintshi
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngishintshile, ngishintshē	engishintshile, engishintshē	ngishintshile, ngishintshē	angishintshanga	engingashintshanga	ngingashintshanga
2nd singular	ushintshile, ushintshē	oshintshile, oshintshē	ushintshile, ushintshē	awushintshanga	ongashintshanga	ungashintshanga
1st plural	sishintshile, sishintshē	esishintshile, esishintshē	sishintshile, sishintshē	asishintshanga	esingashintshanga	singashintshanga
2nd plural	nishintshile, nishintshē	enishintshile, enishintshē	nishintshile, nishintshē	anishintshanga	eningashintshanga	ningashintshanga
Class 1	ushintshile, ushintshē	oshintshile, oshintshē	eshintshile, eshintshē	akashintshanga	ongashintshanga	engashintshanga
Class 2	bashintshile, bashintshē	abashintshile, abashintshē	beshintshile, beshintshē	abashintshanga	abangashintshanga	bengashintshanga
Class 3	ushintshile, ushintshē	oshintshile, oshintshē	ushintshile, ushintshē	awushintshanga	ongashintshanga	ungashintshanga
Class 4	ishintshile, ishintshē	eshintshile, eshintshē	ishintshile, ishintshē	ayishintshanga	engashintshanga	ingashintshanga
Class 5	lishintshile, lishintshē	elishintshile, elishintshē	lishintshile, lishintshē	alishintshanga	elingashintshanga	lingashintshanga
Class 6	ashintshile, ashintshē	ashintshile, ashintshē	eshintshile, eshintshē	awashintshanga	angashintshanga	engashintshanga
Class 7	sishintshile, sishintshē	esishintshile, esishintshē	sishintshile, sishintshē	asishintshanga	esingashintshanga	singashintshanga
Class 8	zishintshile, zishintshē	ezishintshile, ezishintshē	zishintshile, zishintshē	azishintshanga	ezingashintshanga	zingashintshanga
Class 9	ishintshile, ishintshē	eshintshile, eshintshē	ishintshile, ishintshē	ayishintshanga	engashintshanga	ingashintshanga
Class 10	zishintshile, zishintshē	ezishintshile, ezishintshē	zishintshile, zishintshē	azishintshanga	ezingashintshanga	zingashintshanga
Class 11	lushintshile, lushintshē	olushintshile, olushintshē	lushintshile, lushintshē	alushintshanga	olungashintshanga	lungashintshanga
Class 14	bushintshile, bushintshē	obushintshile, obushintshē	bushintshile, bushintshē	abushintshanga	obungashintshanga	bungashintshanga
Class 15	kushintshile, kushintshē	okushintshile, okushintshē	kushintshile, kushintshē	akushintshanga	okungashintshanga	kungashintshanga
Class 17	kushintshile, kushintshē	okushintshile, okushintshē	kushintshile, kushintshē	akushintshanga	okungashintshanga	kungashintshanga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngāshintsha	engāshintsha	ngāshintsha	angishintshanga	engingashintshanga	ngingashintshanga
2nd singular	wāshintsha	owāshintsha	wāshintsha	awushintshanga	ongashintshanga	ungashintshanga
1st plural	sāshintsha	esāshintsha	sāshintsha	asishintshanga	esingashintshanga	singashintshanga
2nd plural	nāshintsha	enāshintsha	nāshintsha	anishintshanga	eningashintshanga	ningashintshanga
Class 1	wāshintsha	owāshintsha	āshintsha	akashintshanga	ongashintshanga	engashintshanga
Class 2	bāshintsha	abāshintsha	bāshintsha	abashintshanga	abangashintshanga	bengashintshanga
Class 3	wāshintsha	owāshintsha	wāshintsha	awushintshanga	ongashintshanga	ungashintshanga
Class 4	yāshintsha	eyāshintsha	yāshintsha	ayishintshanga	engashintshanga	ingashintshanga
Class 5	lāshintsha	elāshintsha	lāshintsha	alishintshanga	elingashintshanga	lingashintshanga
Class 6	āshintsha	āshintsha	āshintsha	awashintshanga	angashintshanga	engashintshanga
Class 7	sāshintsha	esāshintsha	sāshintsha	asishintshanga	esingashintshanga	singashintshanga
Class 8	zāshintsha	ezāshintsha	zāshintsha	azishintshanga	ezingashintshanga	zingashintshanga
Class 9	yāshintsha	eyāshintsha	yāshintsha	ayishintshanga	engashintshanga	ingashintshanga
Class 10	zāshintsha	ezāshintsha	zāshintsha	azishintshanga	ezingashintshanga	zingashintshanga
Class 11	lwāshintsha	olwāshintsha	lwāshintsha	alushintshanga	olungashintshanga	lungashintshanga
Class 14	bāshintsha	obāshintsha	bāshintsha	abushintshanga	obungashintshanga	bungashintshanga
Class 15	kwāshintsha	okwāshintsha	kwāshintsha	akushintshanga	okungashintshanga	kungashintshanga
Class 17	kwāshintsha	okwāshintsha	kwāshintsha	akushintshanga	okungashintshanga	kungashintshanga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingashintsha	—	ngingashintsha	ngingeshintshe	—	ngingeshintshe
2nd singular	ungashintsha	—	ungashintsha	ungeshintshe	—	ungeshintshe
1st plural	singashintsha	—	singashintsha	singeshintshe	—	singeshintshe
2nd plural	ningashintsha	—	ningashintsha	ningeshintshe	—	ningeshintshe
Class 1	angashintsha	—	engashintsha	angeshintshe	—	engeshintshe
Class 2	bangashintsha	—	bengashintsha	bangeshintshe	—	bengeshintshe
Class 3	ungashintsha	—	ungashintsha	ungeshintshe	—	ungeshintshe
Class 4	ingashintsha	—	ingashintsha	ingeshintshe	—	ingeshintshe
Class 5	lingashintsha	—	lingashintsha	lingeshintshe	—	lingeshintshe
Class 6	angashintsha	—	engashintsha	angeshintshe	—	engeshintshe
Class 7	singashintsha	—	singashintsha	singeshintshe	—	singeshintshe
Class 8	zingashintsha	—	zingashintsha	zingeshintshe	—	zingeshintshe
Class 9	ingashintsha	—	ingashintsha	ingeshintshe	—	ingeshintshe
Class 10	zingashintsha	—	zingashintsha	zingeshintshe	—	zingeshintshe
Class 11	lungashintsha	—	lungashintsha	lungeshintshe	—	lungeshintshe
Class 14	bungashintsha	—	bungashintsha	bungeshintshe	—	bungeshintshe
Class 15	kungashintsha	—	kungashintsha	kungeshintshe	—	kungeshintshe
Class 17	kungashintsha	—	kungashintsha	kungeshintshe	—	kungeshintshe
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizoshintsha	engizoshintsha	ngizoshintsha	angizushintsha	engingezushintsha	ngingezushintsha
2nd singular	uzoshintsha	ozoshintsha	uzoshintsha	awuzushintsha	ongezushintsha	ungezushintsha
1st plural	sizoshintsha	esizoshintsha	sizoshintsha	asizushintsha	esingezushintsha	singezushintsha
2nd plural	nizoshintsha	enizoshintsha	nizoshintsha	anizushintsha	eningezushintsha	ningezushintsha
Class 1	uzoshintsha	ozoshintsha	ezoshintsha	akazushintsha	ongezushintsha	engezushintsha
Class 2	bazoshintsha	abazoshintsha	bezoshintsha	abazushintsha	abangezushintsha	bengezushintsha
Class 3	uzoshintsha	ozoshintsha	uzoshintsha	awuzushintsha	ongezushintsha	ungezushintsha
Class 4	izoshintsha	ezoshintsha	izoshintsha	ayizushintsha	engezushintsha	ingezushintsha
Class 5	lizoshintsha	elizoshintsha	lizoshintsha	alizushintsha	elingezushintsha	lingezushintsha
Class 6	azoshintsha	azoshintsha	ezoshintsha	awazushintsha	angezushintsha	engezushintsha
Class 7	sizoshintsha	esizoshintsha	sizoshintsha	asizushintsha	esingezushintsha	singezushintsha
Class 8	zizoshintsha	ezizoshintsha	zizoshintsha	azizushintsha	ezingezushintsha	zingezushintsha
Class 9	izoshintsha	ezoshintsha	izoshintsha	ayizushintsha	engezushintsha	ingezushintsha
Class 10	zizoshintsha	ezizoshintsha	zizoshintsha	azizushintsha	ezingezushintsha	zingezushintsha
Class 11	luzoshintsha	oluzoshintsha	luzoshintsha	aluzushintsha	olungezushintsha	lungezushintsha
Class 14	buzoshintsha	obuzoshintsha	buzoshintsha	abuzushintsha	obungezushintsha	bungezushintsha
Class 15	kuzoshintsha	okuzoshintsha	kuzoshintsha	akuzushintsha	okungezushintsha	kungezushintsha
Class 17	kuzoshintsha	okuzoshintsha	kuzoshintsha	akuzushintsha	okungezushintsha	kungezushintsha
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyoshintsha	engiyoshintsha	ngiyoshintsha	angiyushintsha	engingeyushintsha	ngingeyushintsha
2nd singular	uyoshintsha	oyoshintsha	uyoshintsha	awuyushintsha	ongeyushintsha	ungeyushintsha
1st plural	siyoshintsha	esiyoshintsha	siyoshintsha	asiyushintsha	esingeyushintsha	singeyushintsha
2nd plural	niyoshintsha	eniyoshintsha	niyoshintsha	aniyushintsha	eningeyushintsha	ningeyushintsha
Class 1	uyoshintsha	oyoshintsha	eyoshintsha	akayushintsha	ongeyushintsha	engeyushintsha
Class 2	bayoshintsha	abayoshintsha	beyoshintsha	abayushintsha	abangeyushintsha	bengeyushintsha
Class 3	uyoshintsha	oyoshintsha	uyoshintsha	awuyushintsha	ongeyushintsha	ungeyushintsha
Class 4	iyoshintsha	eyoshintsha	iyoshintsha	ayiyushintsha	engeyushintsha	ingeyushintsha
Class 5	liyoshintsha	eliyoshintsha	liyoshintsha	aliyushintsha	elingeyushintsha	lingeyushintsha
Class 6	ayoshintsha	ayoshintsha	eyoshintsha	awayushintsha	angeyushintsha	engeyushintsha
Class 7	siyoshintsha	esiyoshintsha	siyoshintsha	asiyushintsha	esingeyushintsha	singeyushintsha
Class 8	ziyoshintsha	eziyoshintsha	ziyoshintsha	aziyushintsha	ezingeyushintsha	zingeyushintsha
Class 9	iyoshintsha	eyoshintsha	iyoshintsha	ayiyushintsha	engeyushintsha	ingeyushintsha
Class 10	ziyoshintsha	eziyoshintsha	ziyoshintsha	aziyushintsha	ezingeyushintsha	zingeyushintsha
Class 11	luyoshintsha	oluyoshintsha	luyoshintsha	aluyushintsha	olungeyushintsha	lungeyushintsha
Class 14	buyoshintsha	obuyoshintsha	buyoshintsha	abuyushintsha	obungeyushintsha	bungeyushintsha
Class 15	kuyoshintsha	okuyoshintsha	kuyoshintsha	akuyushintsha	okungeyushintsha	kungeyushintsha
Class 17	kuyoshintsha	okuyoshintsha	kuyoshintsha	akuyushintsha	okungeyushintsha	kungeyushintsha
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngishintshe	ngingashintshi
2nd singular	ushintshe	ungashintshi
1st plural	sishintshe	singashintshi
2nd plural	nishintshe	ningashintshi
Class 1	ashintshe	angashintshi
Class 2	bashintshe	bangashintshi
Class 3	ushintshe	ungashintshi
Class 4	ishintshe	ingashintshi
Class 5	lishintshe	lingashintshi
Class 6	ashintshe	angashintshi
Class 7	sishintshe	singashintshi
Class 8	zishintshe	zingashintshi
Class 9	ishintshe	ingashintshi
Class 10	zishintshe	zingashintshi
Class 11	lushintshe	lungashintshi
Class 14	bushintshe	bungashintshi
Class 15	kushintshe	kungashintshi
Class 17	kushintshe	kungashintshi
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngashintsha	ngangashintsha, angashintsha, angangashintsha
2nd singular	washintsha	wangashintsha, awashintsha, awangashintsha
1st plural	sashintsha	sangashintsha, asashintsha, asangashintsha
2nd plural	nashintsha	nangashintsha, anashintsha, anangashintsha
Class 1	washintsha	wangashintsha, akashintsha, akangashintsha
Class 2	bashintsha	bangashintsha, abashintsha, abangashintsha
Class 3	washintsha	wangashintsha, awashintsha, awangashintsha
Class 4	yashintsha	yangashintsha, ayashintsha, ayangashintsha
Class 5	lashintsha	langashintsha, alashintsha, alangashintsha
Class 6	ashintsha	angashintsha, awashintsha, awangashintsha
Class 7	sashintsha	sangashintsha, asashintsha, asangashintsha
Class 8	zashintsha	zangashintsha, azashintsha, azangashintsha
Class 9	yashintsha	yangashintsha, ayashintsha, ayangashintsha
Class 10	zashintsha	zangashintsha, azashintsha, azangashintsha
Class 11	lwashintsha	lwangashintsha, alwashintsha, alwangashintsha
Class 14	bashintsha	bangashintsha, abashintsha, abangashintsha
Class 15	kwashintsha	kwangashintsha, akwashintsha, akwangashintsha
Class 17	kwashintsha	kwangashintsha, akwashintsha, akwangashintsha

References

• C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “shintsha”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “shintsha (6.3)”