Egyptian [ edit ] Etymology [ edit ] s- ( causative prefix ) + wꜥb ( “ to be clean ” ) .
Pronunciation [ edit ] caus. 3-lit.
( transitive ) clean , to purify Inflection [ edit ]
Conjugation of swꜥb (causative triliteral / caus. 3-lit. / caus. 3rad.) — base stem: swꜥb
infinitival forms
imperative
infinitive
negatival complement
complementary infinitive1
singular
plural
swꜥb swꜥbw , swꜥb swꜥbt swꜥb swꜥb
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem
periphrastic imperfective 2
periphrastic prospective 2
swꜥb ḥr swꜥb m swꜥb r swꜥb
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood
active
passive
contingent
aspect / mood
active
passive
perfect
swꜥb.n swꜥbw , swꜥb consecutive
swꜥb.jn active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
terminative
swꜥbt
perfective 3
swꜥb active + .tj 1 , .tw 2 obligative1
swꜥb.ḫr active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
imperfective
swꜥb active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
prospective 3
swꜥbw , swꜥb , swꜥby swꜥbw , swꜥb , swꜥby potentialis1
swꜥb.kꜣ active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
subjunctive
swꜥb active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
participles
active
passive
active
passive
perfect
swꜥb.n active + .tj 1 , .tw 2 —
—
perfective
swꜥb active + .tj 1 , .tw 2 swꜥb swꜥb , swꜥbw 5 , swꜥby 5
imperfective
swꜥb , swꜥby , swꜥbw 5 active + .tj 1 , .tw 2 swꜥb , swꜥbj 6 , swꜥby 6 swꜥb , swꜥbw 5
prospective
swꜥb , swꜥbtj 7 —
swꜥbwtj 1 4 , swꜥbtj 4 , swꜥbt 4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f .fj .s .sj .sn .snj .sn
Only in the masculine singular.
Only in the masculine.
Only in the feminine.
References [ edit ] James P[eter] Allen (2010 ) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs , 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN page 250 Hoch, James (1997 ) Middle Egyptian Grammar , Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN page 93 
