tân khổ

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Vietnamese[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 辛苦. Compare cay đắng.

Pronunciation[edit]

(Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [tən˧˧ xo˧˩]
(Huế) IPA^(key): [təŋ˧˧ kʰow˧˨] ~ [təŋ˧˧ xow˧˨]
(Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA^(key): [təŋ˧˧ kʰow˨˩˦] ~ [təŋ˧˧ xow˨˩˦]

Adjective[edit]

(literary, dated) distressing; laborious; difficult

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