σκύλαξ
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See also: Σκύλαξ
Ancient Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Uncertain. Compare κύλλα (kúlla, “puppy (hapax)”), σκύλιον (skúlion, “dogfish”), σκύλλα (skúlla, “shark”), as well as Old Armenian ցուլ (cʻul, “bull”), Old Irish cuilén (“puppy”), Lithuanian kalė̃ (“bitch, female dog”), and Russian клей (klej). A Proto-Indo-European *(s)kol- (“animal”) is possible, but problematic. Based on the phonetic issues with connecting the similar words mentioned above, Beekes tentatively takes the word as Pre-Greek;[1] it is possible that some, all, or none of the cognates mentioned above are taken from the same substrate continuum.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ský.laks/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈsky.laks/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈscy.laks/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈscy.laks/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈsci.laks/
Noun
[edit]σκῠ́λᾰξ • (skúlax) m or f (genitive σκῠ́λᾰκος); third declension
- young dog, whelp, puppy
- dog
- (of other young animals) whelp
- a chain, a chain or collar for the neck
- c. 400 BCE, Plato Comicus, Greece, 5 (quoted by Julius Pollux 10.167; fragment 23 in Kock's Comicorum Atticorum Fragmenta):
- λαβὼν οὖν / τὸν σκύλακα τὸν τοῦ προξένου κἄπειτα δῆσον αὐτόν.
- labṑn oûn / tòn skúlaka tòn toû proxénou kápeita dêson autón.
- [...] having then grasped the representative's chain, which would bind him later too.
- c. 117 BCE, Polybius, Histories[1], 20.10.8:
- ταῦτα λέγων φέρειν ἅλυσιν ἐκέλευσε καὶ σκύλακα σιδηροῦν ἑκάστῳ περιθεῖναι περὶ τὸν τράχηλον.
- taûta légōn phérein hálusin ekéleuse kaì skúlaka sidēroûn hekástōi peritheînai perì tòn trákhēlon.
- With these words he ordered his men to bring a chain and an iron collar and put it on the neck of each of them.
- (Hesychius) erotic dance? / sex position?
- 5th c. C.E., Hesychius of Alexandria, Γλώσσαι, Σ:
- σκύλαξ· σχῆμα ἀφροδισιακόν, ὡς τὸ τῶν φοινικιζόντων
- skúlax; skhêma aphrodisiakón, hōs tò tôn phoinikizóntōn
- skúlax: sexual posturing, like that of those who act the Phoenician
Declension
[edit]Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ὁ, ἡ σκῠ́λᾰξ ho, hē skúlax |
τὼ σκῠ́λᾰκε tṑ skúlake |
οἱ, αἱ σκῠ́λᾰκες hoi, hai skúlakes | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ, τῆς σκῠ́λᾰκος toû, tês skúlakos |
τοῖν σκῠλᾰ́κοιν toîn skulákoin |
τῶν σκῠλᾰ́κων tôn skulákōn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ, τῇ σκῠ́λᾰκῐ tôi, têi skúlaki |
τοῖν σκῠλᾰ́κοιν toîn skulákoin |
τοῖς, ταῖς σκῠ́λᾰξῐ / σκῠ́λᾰξῐν toîs, taîs skúlaxi(n) | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸν, τὴν σκῠ́λᾰκᾰ tòn, tḕn skúlaka |
τὼ σκῠ́λᾰκε tṑ skúlake |
τοὺς, τᾱ̀ς σκῠ́λᾰκᾰς toùs, tā̀s skúlakas | ||||||||||
Vocative | σκῠ́λᾰξ skúlax |
σκῠ́λᾰκε skúlake |
σκῠ́λᾰκες skúlakes | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]- Σκύλαξ (Skúlax)
Descendants
[edit]- Greek: σκύλος m (skýlos, “(male) dog”)
- Greek: σκύλα f (skýla, “(female) dog”)
- Greek: σκυλί n (skylí, “dog”)
References
[edit]- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “σκύλαξ, -ᾰκος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1361
Further reading
[edit]- “σκύλαξ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- σκύλαξ in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- σκύλαξ in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[2], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms with unknown etymologies
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek terms derived from a Pre-Greek substrate
- Ancient Greek 2-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek nouns
- Ancient Greek paroxytone terms
- Ancient Greek masculine nouns
- Ancient Greek feminine nouns
- Ancient Greek third-declension nouns
- Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the third declension
- Ancient Greek feminine nouns in the third declension
- Ancient Greek nouns with multiple genders
- Ancient Greek terms with quotations
- grc:Baby animals
- grc:Dogs