پښتون

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Pashto

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Etymology

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Most likely derived from *Parstāna- (compare Ashokan Prakrit *𑀧𑀝𑁆𑀞𑀸𑀦 (*paṭṭhāna) < *𑀧𑀱𑁆𑀝𑀸𑀦 (*paṣṭāna)), from Old Iranian *Parswāna-, with the basic stem *Parsū-;[1] closely related to *Parθaʰ (“Parthian”) and Old Persian 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿 (p-a-r-s /⁠Pārsaʰ⁠/, Persian),[2] both from the earlier *Parsūa-, probably meaning "border or borderland"[3] (in contrast to Media, meaning "central land"); cf. Sanskrit (Pāṇini) Parśu- “a (northwestern) warrior tribe” and Late Babylonian 𒌓𒍪 (par-sú, Persian).

Other theories connect the name to the Northern Indian words for "mound, embankment;" compare Urdu پشتہ (embankment, mound of stone or earth), Persian [script needed] (pushta, mountain), and Proto-Iranian *pr̥štáh (back, spine).[4]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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پښتون (pax̌tunm (plural پښتانه (pax̌tāna))

  1. Pashtun
    دا پښتون دی
    He is a Pashtun.

Declension

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References

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  1. ^ G. Morgenstierne, “AFGHANISTAN vi. Paṣ̌tō”, Encyclopaedia Iranica, Online Edition, 1982
  2. ^ Kent, Roland G. (1950) “Parθava-”, in Old Persian: grammar, texts, lexicon, New Haven: American Oriental Society, page 196
  3. ^ I. Gershevitch, W. Bayne Fisher, J. A. Boyle: The Medes And Their Neighbours, in The Cambridge History of Iran, p. 61-62, Vol. II, 1985; Cambridge University Press
  4. ^ Rashid, H. (2002). History of the Pathans: The Sarabani Pathans. Pakistan: Haroon Rashid, p. 73