덥다

Jeju

Etymology

Cognate with Korean 덥다 (deopda).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /təp̚t͈a̠/

Adjective

덥다 (deopda)

1. (to be) hot, warm

Synonyms

• ᄃᆞᆺᄃᆞᆺᄒᆞ다 (dawtdawthawda), ᄃᆞ스다 (dawseuda)

References

• “덥다” in Jeju's culture and language, Digital museum.

Korean

Etymology

First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 덥〯다〮 (Yale: těptá).

Possible cognates include Japanese 灯す (tomosu, “to light”) and Proto-Indo-European *tep- (“to be hot, warm”).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ˈtɘ(ː)p̚t͈a̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [덥(ː)따]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	deopda
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	deobda
McCune–Reischauer?	tŏpta
Yale Romanization?	tēpta

Adjective

덥다 • (deopda) (irregular, infinitive 더워, sequential 더우니)

1. to be hot (of the weather or outside temperature)

   Antonym: 춥다 (chupda)

   날씨가 덥지 않아요?

   nalssiga deopji anayo?

   Isn't the weather hot?

2. (dated) to be hot (of an object)

   Synonym: (used nowadays) 뜨겁다 (tteugeopda)

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the adjective 덥다 (deopda): consonant-stem, ㅂ(b)-irregular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	덥다 deopda	더워 deowo	더워요 deowoyo	덥습니다 deopseumnida
	Past	더웠다 deowotda	더웠어 deowosseo	더웠어요 deowosseoyo	더웠습니다 deowotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	더우냐 deounya	더워 deowo	더워요 deowoyo	덥습니까 deopseumnikka
	Past	더웠냐 deowonnya	더웠어 deowosseo	더웠어요 deowosseoyo	더웠습니까 deowotseumnikka
Assertive		덥겠다 deopgetda	덥겠어 deopgesseo	덥겠어요 deopgesseoyo	덥겠습니다 deopgetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		더워 deowo	더워서 deowoseo	더우니 deouni	더우니까 deounikka
Contrast		덥지만 deopjiman	더운데 deounde	덥더니 deopdeoni
Conjunction		덥고 deopgo
Condition		더우면 deoumyeon	더워야 deowoya
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		더움 deoum	덥기 deopgi
Past-tense verbal nouns		더웠음 deowosseum	더웠기 deowotgi
Determiners	Present		더운 deoun
	Future		더울 deoul

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Plain (해라체)	Informal (해체)	Polite (해요체)	Formal (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	더우시다 deousida	더우셔 deousyeo	더우세요, 더우셔요 deouseyo, deousyeoyo	더우십니다 deousimnida
	Past	더우셨다 deousyeotda	더우셨어 deousyeosseo	더우셨어요 deousyeosseoyo	더우셨습니다 deousyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	더우시냐 deousinya	더우셔 deousyeo	더우세요, 더우셔요 deouseyo, deousyeoyo	더우십니까 deousimnikka
	Past	더우셨냐 deousyeonnya	더우셨어 deousyeosseo	더우셨어요 deousyeosseoyo	더우셨습니까 deousyeotseumnikka
Assertive		더우시겠다 deousigetda	더우시겠어 deousigesseo	더우시겠어요 deousigesseoyo	더우시겠습니다 deousigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		더우셔 deousyeo	더우셔서 deousyeoseo	더우시니 deousini	더우시니까 deousinikka
Contrast		더우시지만 deousijiman	더우신데 deousinde	더우시더니 deousideoni
Conjunction		더우시고 deousigo
Condition		더우시면 deousimyeon	더우셔야 deousyeoya
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		더우심 deousim	더우시기 deousigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		더우셨음 deousyeosseum	더우셨기 deousyeotgi
Determiners	Present		더우신 deousin
	Future		더우실 deousil

Middle Korean

Alternative forms

• 더ᇦ다 (Yale: teWta) (phonemic orthography)

Adjective

덥〯다〮 (těptá)

1. (to be) hot, warm
   • 1459, 月印釋譜 / 월인석보 [Worin seokbo]:

     모〮미〮 겨ᅀᅳ〮렌 덥〯고〮 녀르〮멘 ᄎᆞ〮고〮

     mwóm-í kyèzúl-èyn těpkwó nyèlúm-èyn chókwó

     The body is warm during the winter and cold during the summer, and...

Conjugation

Accentual class R! lenited-consonant stem

Declarative	Connective	Infinitive	Conditional
덥〯다〮 (těptá)	덥〯고〮 (těpkwó)	더ᄫᅥ〮 (tèWé)	더ᄫᅳ〮면〮 (tèWúmyén)

Antonyms

• 칩〮다〮 (Yale: chíptá)

Descendants

• Jeju: 덥다 (deopda)
• Korean: 덥다 (deopda)