πŒ°π„πŒ½πŒ΄πˆπŒΎπŒ°πŒ½

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Gothic[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From πŒ°π„- (at-) +‎ 𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌾𐌰𐌽 (nΔ“Ζ•jan).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /atˈneːʍjan/

Verb[edit]

πŒ°π„πŒ½πŒ΄πˆπŒΎπŒ°πŒ½ β€’ (atnΔ“Ζ•jan) (perfective)

  1. (sometimes reflexive) to arrive; (in the past tense) to be at hand
    • 4th century C.E., Wulfila (attributed), Gothic Bible, Mark 1:15:
      πŒ΅πŒΉπŒΈπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ πŒΈπŒ°π„πŒ΄πŒΉ πŒΏπƒπ†πŒΏπŒ»πŒ»πŒ½π‰πŒ³πŒ° πŒΈπŒ°π„πŒ° 𐌼𐌴𐌻 𐌾𐌰𐌷 πŒ°π„πŒ½πŒ΄πˆπŒΉπŒ³πŒ° πƒπŒΉπŒΊ πŒΈπŒΉπŒΏπŒ³πŒ°πŒ½πŒ²πŒ°π‚πŒ³πŒΉ πŒ²πŒΏπŒ³πŒΉπƒ: πŒΉπŒ³π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ²π‰πŒΈ 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌴𐌹𐌸 𐌹𐌽 πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒ°πŒ²πŒ²πŒ΄πŒ»πŒΎπ‰πŒ½.
      qiΓΎands ΓΎatei usfullnōda ΓΎata mΔ“l jah atnΔ“Ζ•ida sik ΓΎiudangardi gudis: idreigōþ jah galaubeiΓΎ in aiwaggΔ“ljōn.
      And saying, The time is fulfilled, and the kingdom of God is at hand: repent ye, and believe the gospel. (KJV)
    • 4th century C.E., Wulfila (attributed), Gothic Bible, Mark 14:42:
      πŒΏπ‚π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπƒπŒΉπŒΈ, 𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌰𐌼! πƒπŒ°πŒΉ, πƒπŒ° πŒ»πŒ΄π…πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ 𐌼𐌹𐌺 πŒ°π„πŒ½πŒ΄πˆπŒΉπŒ³πŒ°.
      urreisiΓΎ, gaggam! sai, sa lΔ“wjands mik atnΔ“Ζ•ida.
      Rise up, let us go; lo, he that betrayeth me is at hand. (KJV)
    • 4th century C.E., Wulfila (attributed), Gothic Bible, Romans 13:12:
      πŒ½πŒ°πŒ·π„πƒ π†π‚πŒ°πŒΌπŒΉπƒ 𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌸, 𐌹𐌸 πŒ³πŒ°πŒ²πƒ πŒ°π„πŒ½πŒ΄πˆπŒΉπŒ³πŒ°; πŒΏπƒπ…πŒ°πŒΉπ‚π€πŒ°πŒΌ 𐌽𐌿 π…πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πƒπ„π…πŒ°πŒΌ π‚πŒΉπŒ΅πŒΉπŒΆπŒΉπƒ, 𐌹𐌸 πŒ²πŒ°π…πŒ°πƒπŒΎπŒ°πŒΌ πƒπŒ°π‚π…πŒ°πŒΌ πŒ»πŒΉπŒΏπŒ·πŒ°πŒ³πŒΉπƒ.
      nahts framis galaiΓΎ, iΓΎ dags atnΔ“Ζ•ida; uswairpam nu waurstwam riqizis, iΓΎ gawasjam sarwam liuhadis.
      The night is far spent, the day is at hand: let us therefore cast off the works of darkness, and let us put on the armour of light. (KJV)
  2. (sometimes reflexive) to approach, come near, be near
    • 4th century C.E., Wulfila (attributed), Gothic Bible, Luke 10:9–11:
      𐌾𐌰𐌷 πŒ»πŒ΄πŒΊπŒΉπŒ½π‰πŒΈ πŒΈπŒ°πŒ½πƒ 𐌹𐌽 𐌹𐌢𐌰𐌹 πƒπŒΉπŒΏπŒΊπŒ°πŒ½πƒ 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌡𐌹𐌸𐌹𐌸 𐌳𐌿 𐌹𐌼: πŒ°π„πŒ½πŒ΄πˆπŒΉπŒ³πŒ° 𐌰𐌽𐌰 πŒΉπŒΆπ…πŒΉπƒ πŒΈπŒΉπŒΏπŒ³πŒ°πŒ½πŒ²πŒ°π‚πŒ³πŒΉ πŒ²πŒΏπŒ³πŒΉπƒ. 𐌹𐌸 𐌹𐌽 πŒΈπ‰πŒ΄πŒΉ πŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ²πŒ΄ 𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌰𐌹𐌸 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌽𐌹 𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌽𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰 πŒΉπŒΆπ…πŒΉπƒ, πŒΏπƒπŒ²πŒ°πŒ²πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒ½πƒ 𐌰𐌽𐌰 π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ°πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΎπŒ° πŒΉπŒΆπ‰πƒ 𐌡𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌸: 𐌾𐌰𐌷 πƒπ„πŒΏπŒ±πŒΎπŒΏ 𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌰 πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ°π†π„πŒ½πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒ½ πŒΏπŒ½πƒπŒΉπƒ πŒΏπƒ 𐌸𐌹𐌢𐌰𐌹 πŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ² πŒΉπŒΆπ…πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒΉ 𐌰𐌽𐌰 π†π‰π„πŒΏπŒ½πƒ πŒΏπŒ½πƒπŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒ½πƒ πŒ°π†πŒ·π‚πŒΉπƒπŒΎπŒ°πŒΌ πŒΉπŒΆπ…πŒΉπƒ; πƒπ…πŒ΄πŒΈπŒ°πŒΏπŒ· πŒΈπŒ°π„πŒ° π…πŒΉπ„πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ πŒΈπŒ°π„πŒ΄πŒΉ πŒ°π„πŒ½πŒ΄πˆπŒΉπŒ³πŒ° πƒπŒΉπŒΊ 𐌰𐌽𐌰 πŒΉπŒΆπ…πŒΉπƒ πŒΈπŒΉπŒΏπŒ³πŒ°πŒ½πŒ²πŒ°π‚πŒ³πŒΉ πŒ²πŒΏπŒ³πŒΉπƒ.
      jah lΔ“kinōþ ΓΎans in izai siukans jah qiΓΎiΓΎ du im: atnΔ“Ζ•ida ana izwis ΓΎiudangardi gudis. iΓΎ in þōei baurgΔ“ inngaggaiΓΎ jah ni andnimaina izwis, usgaggandans ana fauradaurja izōs qiΓΎaiΓΎ: jah stubju ΓΎana gahaftnandan unsis us ΓΎizai baurg izwarai ana fōtuns unsarans afhrisjam izwis; swΔ“ΓΎauh ΓΎata witeiΓΎ ΓΎatei atnΔ“Ζ•ida sik ana izwis ΓΎiudangardi gudis.
      And heal the sick that are therein, and say unto them, The kingdom of God is come nigh unto you. But into whatsoever city ye enter, and they receive you not, go your ways out into the streets of the same, and say, Even the very dust of your city, which cleaveth on us, we do wipe off against you: notwithstanding be ye sure of this, that the kingdom of God is come nigh unto you. (KJV)
    • 4th century C.E., Wulfila (attributed), Gothic Bible, Philippians 2:30:
      πŒΏπŒ½π„πŒ΄ 𐌹𐌽 π…πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πƒπ„π…πŒΉπƒ π‡π‚πŒΉπƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπƒ 𐌿𐌽𐌳 𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌸𐌿 πŒ°π„πŒ½πŒ΄πˆπŒΉπŒ³πŒ°, πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒΌπŒΏπŒ½πŒ½π‰πŒ½πŒ³πƒ πƒπŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒ°πŒ»πŒ°πŒΉ πƒπŒ΄πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°πŒΉ, 𐌴𐌹 πŒΏπƒπ†πŒΏπŒ»πŒ»πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΉ πŒΉπŒΆπ…πŒ°π‚ πŒ²πŒ°πŒΉπŒ³π… 𐌱𐌹 𐌼𐌴𐌹𐌽 πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ±πŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΉ.
      untΔ“ in waurstwis xristaus und dauΓΎu atnΔ“Ζ•ida, ufarmunnōnds saiwalai seinai, ei usfullidΔ“di izwar gaidw bi mein andbahti.
      Because for the work of Christ he was nigh unto death, not regarding his life, to supply your lack of service toward me. (KJV)

Conjugation[edit]

Class 1 weak
Infinitive πŒ°π„πŒ½πŒ΄πˆπŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
atnΔ“Ζ•jan
Indicative Present Past Present passive
1st singular πŒ°π„πŒ½πŒ΄πˆπŒΎπŒ°
atnΔ“Ζ•ja 		πŒ°π„πŒ½πŒ΄πˆπŒΉπŒ³πŒ°
atnΔ“Ζ•ida 		πŒ°π„πŒ½πŒ΄πˆπŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°
atnΔ“Ζ•jada
2nd singular πŒ°π„πŒ½πŒ΄πˆπŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
atnΔ“Ζ•eis 		πŒ°π„πŒ½πŒ΄πˆπŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πƒ
atnΔ“Ζ•idΔ“s 		πŒ°π„πŒ½πŒ΄πˆπŒΎπŒ°πŒΆπŒ°
atnΔ“Ζ•jaza
3rd singular πŒ°π„πŒ½πŒ΄πˆπŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
atnΔ“Ζ•eiΓΎ 		πŒ°π„πŒ½πŒ΄πˆπŒΉπŒ³πŒ°
atnΔ“Ζ•ida 		πŒ°π„πŒ½πŒ΄πˆπŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°
atnΔ“Ζ•jada
1st dual πŒ°π„πŒ½πŒ΄πˆπŒΎπ‰πƒ
atnΔ“Ζ•jōs 		πŒ°π„πŒ½πŒ΄πˆπŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏ
atnΔ“Ζ•idΔ“du 		—
2nd dual πŒ°π„πŒ½πŒ΄πˆπŒΎπŒ°π„πƒ
atnΔ“Ζ•jats 		πŒ°π„πŒ½πŒ΄πˆπŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπ„πƒ
atnΔ“Ζ•idΔ“duts 		—
1st plural πŒ°π„πŒ½πŒ΄πˆπŒΎπŒ°πŒΌ
atnΔ“Ζ•jam 		πŒ°π„πŒ½πŒ΄πˆπŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒΌ
atnΔ“Ζ•idΔ“dum 		πŒ°π„πŒ½πŒ΄πˆπŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
atnΔ“Ζ•janda
2nd plural πŒ°π„πŒ½πŒ΄πˆπŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
atnΔ“Ζ•eiΓΎ 		πŒ°π„πŒ½πŒ΄πˆπŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒΈ
atnΔ“Ζ•idΔ“duΓΎ 		πŒ°π„πŒ½πŒ΄πˆπŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
atnΔ“Ζ•janda
3rd plural πŒ°π„πŒ½πŒ΄πˆπŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³
atnΔ“Ζ•jand 		πŒ°π„πŒ½πŒ΄πˆπŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒ½
atnΔ“Ζ•idΔ“dun 		πŒ°π„πŒ½πŒ΄πˆπŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
atnΔ“Ζ•janda
Subjunctive Present Past Present passive
1st singular πŒ°π„πŒ½πŒ΄πˆπŒΎπŒ°πŒΏ
atnΔ“Ζ•jau 		πŒ°π„πŒ½πŒ΄πˆπŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒΏ
atnΔ“Ζ•idΔ“djau 		πŒ°π„πŒ½πŒ΄πˆπŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
atnΔ“Ζ•jaidau
2nd singular πŒ°π„πŒ½πŒ΄πˆπŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπƒ
atnΔ“Ζ•jais 		πŒ°π„πŒ½πŒ΄πˆπŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
atnΔ“Ζ•idΔ“deis 		πŒ°π„πŒ½πŒ΄πˆπŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΆπŒ°πŒΏ
atnΔ“Ζ•jaizau
3rd singular πŒ°π„πŒ½πŒ΄πˆπŒΎπŒ°πŒΉ
atnΔ“Ζ•jai 		πŒ°π„πŒ½πŒ΄πˆπŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΉ
atnΔ“Ζ•idΔ“di 		πŒ°π„πŒ½πŒ΄πˆπŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
atnΔ“Ζ•jaidau
1st dual πŒ°π„πŒ½πŒ΄πˆπŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒ°
atnΔ“Ζ•jaiwa 		πŒ°π„πŒ½πŒ΄πˆπŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ…πŒ°
atnΔ“Ζ•idΔ“deiwa 		—
2nd dual πŒ°π„πŒ½πŒ΄πˆπŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπ„πƒ
atnΔ“Ζ•jaits 		πŒ°π„πŒ½πŒ΄πˆπŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ„πƒ
atnΔ“Ζ•idΔ“deits 		—
1st plural πŒ°π„πŒ½πŒ΄πˆπŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
atnΔ“Ζ•jaima 		πŒ°π„πŒ½πŒ΄πˆπŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
atnΔ“Ζ•idΔ“deima 		πŒ°π„πŒ½πŒ΄πˆπŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
atnΔ“Ζ•jaindau
2nd plural πŒ°π„πŒ½πŒ΄πˆπŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΈ
atnΔ“Ζ•jaiΓΎ 		πŒ°π„πŒ½πŒ΄πˆπŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
atnΔ“Ζ•idΔ“deiΓΎ 		πŒ°π„πŒ½πŒ΄πˆπŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
atnΔ“Ζ•jaindau
3rd plural πŒ°π„πŒ½πŒ΄πˆπŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
atnΔ“Ζ•jaina 		πŒ°π„πŒ½πŒ΄πˆπŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
atnΔ“Ζ•idΔ“deina 		πŒ°π„πŒ½πŒ΄πˆπŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
atnΔ“Ζ•jaindau
Imperative
2nd singular πŒ°π„πŒ½πŒ΄πˆπŒ΄πŒΉ
atnΔ“Ζ•ei
3rd singular πŒ°π„πŒ½πŒ΄πˆπŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
atnΔ“Ζ•jadau
2nd dual πŒ°π„πŒ½πŒ΄πˆπŒΎπŒ°π„πƒ
atnΔ“Ζ•jats
2nd plural πŒ°π„πŒ½πŒ΄πˆπŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
atnΔ“Ζ•eiΓΎ
3rd plural πŒ°π„πŒ½πŒ΄πˆπŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
atnΔ“Ζ•jandau
Present Past
Participles πŒ°π„πŒ½πŒ΄πˆπŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ
atnΔ“Ζ•jands 		πŒ°π„πŒ½πŒ΄πˆπŒΉπŒΈπƒ
atnΔ“Ζ•iΓΎs

Further reading[edit]

  • Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches WΓΆrterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s UniversitΓ€tsbuchhandlung, p. 100
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