Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵʰer-

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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European[edit]

Root[edit]

A user suggests that this Proto-Indo-European reconstruction page be moved, merged or split, giving the reason: “Per Kümmel 2011 the Khwarezmian reflex γry- “to be happy” speaks for *gʰ, while nothing speaks for *ǵʰ.”.
Please see the discussion on Requests for moves, mergers and splits(+) or the talk page for more information and remove this template after the request has been fulfilled.

*ǵʰer-[1][2]

  1. to yearn for

Alternative reconstructions[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵʰer- (yearn)‎ (15 c, 0 e)

Unsorted formations:

Root[edit]

*ǵʰer-[6]

  2. to enclose

Derived terms[edit]

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵʰer- (enclose)‎ (6 c, 0 e)
  • *ǵʰór-tos (see there for further descendants)
  • *ǵʰor-o-
    • >? Ancient Greek: χορός (khorós) (perhaps "encircling/ring dance")
  • *ǵʰor-yo-
    • >? Ancient Greek: χόριον (khórion) (perhaps "encircling membrane" or from root below)

See also[edit]

Root[edit]

A user suggests that this Proto-Indo-European reconstruction page be moved, merged or split, giving the reason: “perhaps this section should be moved to *ǵʰerH- as it seems this is the preferred reconstruction”.
Please see the discussion on Requests for moves, mergers and splits(+) or the talk page for more information and remove this template after the request has been fulfilled.

*ǵʰer-[7][8]

  2. bowels, intestines

Alternative reconstructions[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵʰer- (bowels)‎ (17 c, 0 e)
  • *ǵʰerH-ni-eh₂[7]
    • Latin: hernia (“protruded viscus”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *ǵʰor-neh₂[9][10][11][7] (with regular *-oRHC- > *-oRC-, the "Saussure effect")
    • Proto-Albanian: *dźārnā[12]
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *źárˀna
      • Lithuanian: žarnà (“intestine, hose”)
      • Latgalian: zorna (“intestine, hose”)
      • Latvian: zar̂na (“intestine, hose”)
    • Proto-Germanic: *garnō (“intestines”) (see there for further descendants)
    • Ancient Greek: χορδή (khordḗ, “gut, string”) (< *χορνή (*khornḗ)?) (see there for further descendants)
  • *ǵʰr̥H-eh₂[9]
  • *ǵʰr̥H-os[9]
    • Sanskrit: हिर (híra, “band”)
    • Proto-Iranian: *ĵʰr̥H-oh
      • Pashto: ځير (źir, “thin string”)
      • Classical Persian: زیر (zīr, “string; cord; any tiny thing such as string”)
  • *ǵʰr̥H-u-[9][10][11]
  • Unsorted formations:
    • Proto-Italic: *hario-
    • >? Latin: hīra (“intestine”) (see there for further descendants)

References[edit]

  1. ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “1. *g̑ʰer-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 176
  2. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 440
  3. ^ Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2011–2023) “1. *g̑ʰer- → *gʰer-”, in Addenda und Corrigenda zu LIV²‎[1], page 25
  4. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
  5. ^ Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 434
  6. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 442
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*garnō-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 169
  8. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 443
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “χορδή”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1643-1644
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Derksen, Rick (2015) “žarna”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 514
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “haruspex, -icis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 280
  12. ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “zorrë”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, pages 525-526
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