金
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Translingual
[edit]Stroke order | |||
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Stroke order | |||
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Alternative forms
[edit]Han character
[edit]金 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+0, 8 strokes, cangjie input 金 (C), four-corner 80109, composition ⿱𫢉䒑)
- Kangxi radical #167, ⾦.
Derived characters
[edit]- Appendix:Chinese radical/金
- 𠊄, 凎, 唫, 𫭾, 𫰾, 𫲧, 崯, 惍, 捦, 淦, 𬯉, 𪯧, 𣔋, 𬊝, 琻, 𫆤, 𥇶, 碒, 𥟨, 䘳, 𥺻, 䋮, 𫋆, 𫍀, 趛, 𩸱, 𪑙
- 崟, 菳, 𥦨, 𫅇, 蓥, 𥯀, 𦑕, 𧟴, 㕋, 𢉅, 㾣, 䦦, 𩰔, 淾
References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1295, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40152
- Dae Jaweon: page 1795, character 13
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4167, character 1
- Unihan data for U+91D1
Chinese
[edit]simp. and trad. |
金 | |
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alternative forms |
Chemical element | |
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Au | |
Previous: 鉑/铂 (bó) (Pt) | |
Next: 汞 (gǒng) (Hg) |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 金 | ||
---|---|---|
Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *krɯm) : semantic 王 (“upside-down axe”) + semantic 呂 (“two blocks of metal”) + phonetic 亼. 亼 is the ancient form for 今 (OC *krɯm). Shuowen interprets it as an image of metal in the earth ('象金在土中形') with 亼 as phonetic.
Originally referred to copper. Later, the meaning was extended to metal as a whole, and then to gold.
Etymology
[edit]Starostin reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *gǝ̆m (“metal”); compare Tedim Chin xam (“gold”) and Lepcha ᰀᰩᰮ (kóm, “silver, coin, money”).
“Copper” [prior to 5th BCE] > “metals in general” > “gold”.
The main senses now are “gold” and “metal”.
The surname also appears among Manchus and one of its sources is calque of Manchu ᠠᡳᠰᡳᠨ (aisin, “gold”) in ᠠᡳᠰᡳᠨ
ᡤᡳᠣᡵᠣ (aisin gioro). Therefore, part of the Manchu people with this surname are descendants of the Qing imperial family.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): jin1
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): җин (žin, I)
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): jin1
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): jing1
- Northern Min (KCR): géng
- Eastern Min (BUC): gĭng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1cin
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): jin1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jin
- Wade–Giles: chin1
- Yale: jīn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jin
- Palladius: цзинь (czinʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: jin1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gin
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: җин (žin, I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕiŋ²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: gam1
- Yale: gām
- Cantonese Pinyin: gam1
- Guangdong Romanization: gem1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɐm⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: gim1 / gim1*
- Sinological IPA (key): /kim³³/, /kim³³⁻³³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: jin1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕin⁴²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kîm
- Hakka Romanization System: gim´
- Hagfa Pinyim: gim1
- Sinological IPA: /kim²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: jing1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕĩŋ¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: géng
- Sinological IPA (key): /keiŋ⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: gĭng
- Sinological IPA (key): /kiŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- gim1 - Chaozhou, Shantou;
- ging1 - Chenghai.
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 金 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/ |
Harbin | /t͡ɕin⁴⁴/ | |
Tianjin | /t͡ɕin²¹/ | |
Jinan | /t͡ɕiẽ²¹³/ | |
Qingdao | /t͡ɕiə̃²¹³/ | |
Zhengzhou | /t͡ɕin²⁴/ | |
Xi'an | /t͡ɕiẽ²¹/ | |
Xining | /t͡ɕiə̃⁴⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Lanzhou | /t͡ɕĩn³¹/ | |
Ürümqi | /t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Wuhan | /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/ | |
Chengdu | /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/ | |
Guiyang | /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/ | |
Kunming | /t͡ɕĩ⁴⁴/ | |
Nanjing | /t͡ɕin³¹/ | |
Hefei | /t͡ɕin²¹/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡ɕiəŋ¹¹/ |
Pingyao | /t͡ɕiŋ¹³/ | |
Hohhot | /t͡ɕĩŋ³¹/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /t͡ɕiŋ⁵³/ |
Suzhou | /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/ | |
Hangzhou | /t͡ɕin³³/ | |
Wenzhou | /t͡ɕaŋ³³/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /t͡ɕiʌ̃³¹/ |
Tunxi | /t͡ɕin¹¹/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /t͡ɕin³³/ |
Xiangtan | /t͡ɕin³³/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /t͡ɕin⁴²/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /kim⁴⁴/ |
Taoyuan | /kim²⁴/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /kɐm⁵³/ |
Nanning | /kɐm⁵⁵/ | |
Hong Kong | /kɐm⁵⁵/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /kim⁵⁵/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /kiŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /keiŋ⁵⁴/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /kim³³/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /kim²³/ |
- Middle Chinese: kim
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*k(r)[ə]m/
- (Zhengzhang): /*krɯm/
Definitions
[edit]金
- (obsolete) copper (Cu)
- metal
- 合金 ― héjīn ― alloy
- metalware
- gold (Au)
- golden; blond
- (by extension) money; material wealth
- (historical) ancient currency unit
- (historical) gong or other metalware for signalling commands in the military
- respectful; precious
- 金玉良言 ― jīnyùliángyán ― precious advice
- Used in 金城 (jīnchéng).
- Short for 金星 (Jīnxīng, “Venus”).
- one of the eight kinds of instruments (八音 (-))
- metal, one of the five elements of Wu Xing (五行 (-))
- (Cantonese, cant) fire; flame
- (Cantonese, cant) roasted
- (~朝) (historical) The Jurchen Jin dynasty (1115–1234)
- (~朝, ~國) (historical) Synonym of 後金/后金 (Hòujīn), the Jurchen Later Jin state (1616–1636)
- a surname
Synonyms
[edit]Compounds
[edit]- 五金 (wǔjīn)
- 代金 (dàijīn)
- 佣金
- 保證金/保证金 (bǎozhèngjīn)
- 俸金 (fèngjīn)
- 八角金盤/八角金盘 (bājiǎojīnpán)
- 兼金
- 冷金
- 冶金 (yějīn)
- 出金 (chūjīn)
- 分金
- 前金 (Qiánjīn, “Cianjin”)
- 加菜金 (jiācàijīn)
- 勞金/劳金
- 包金 (bāojīn)
- 千金 (qiānjīn)
- 南金
- 卹金
- 合金 (héjīn)
- 吉金
- 吞金
- 基金 (jījīn)
- 堆金
- 塗金/涂金
- 子金 (zǐjīn)
- 寸金
- 尤金 (Yóujīn)
- 嵌金
- 平金
- 年金 (niánjīn)
- 彩金
- 後金/后金 (Hòujīn)
- 戧金/戗金
- 房金
- 押金 (yājīn)
- 揮金/挥金
- 描金
- 撈金/捞金
- 撿金/捡金 (jiǎnjīn)
- 斷金/断金
- 期金 (qījīn)
- 本金 (běnjīn)
- 板金 (bǎnjīn)
- 條金/条金
- 標金/标金 (biāojīn)
- 沙金 (shājīn)
- 泥金
- 流金
- 洋金
- 淘金 (táojīn)
- 漂金
- 烏金/乌金 (wūjīn)
- 燙金/烫金 (tàngjīn)
- 爍金/烁金
- 獎學金/奖学金 (jiǎngxuéjīn)
- 獎金/奖金 (jiǎngjīn)
- 獻金/献金 (xiànjīn)
- 現金/现金 (xiànjīn)
- 白金 (báijīn)
- 百金
- 真金 (zhēnjīn)
- 砂金 (shājīn)
- 碎金 (suìjīn)
- 祥金
- 禮金/礼金 (lǐjīn)
- 萬金/万金
- 租金 (zūjīn)
- 稅金/税金 (shuìjīn)
- 粉金
- 純金/纯金 (chúnjīn)
- 紫金 (zǐjīn)
- 罰金/罚金 (fájīn)
- 美金 (měijīn)
- 聘金 (pìnjīn)
- 股金 (gǔjīn)
- 脩金
- 茶金
- 薪金 (xīnjīn)
- 訂金/订金 (dìngjīn)
- 課金/课金 (kèjīn)
- 貼金/贴金 (tiējīn)
- 資金/资金 (zījīn)
- 賃金/赁金 (lìnjīn)
- 賞金/赏金 (shǎngjīn)
- 賻金/赙金
- 贖金/赎金 (shújīn)
- 赤金 (chìjīn)
- 足金 (zújīn)
- 蹙金
- 酎金 (zhòujīn)
- 酬金 (chóujīn)
- 醵金
- 重金 (zhòngjīn)
- 金不換/金不换 (jīnbùhuàn)
- 金丸 (jīnwán)
- 金丹 (jīndān)
- 金井
- 金交椅
- 金人
- 金仔
- 金代 (Jīndài)
- 金價/金价 (jīnjià)
- 金光 (jīnguāng)
- 金公
- 金冠 (jīnguān)
- 金刀
- 金剛/金刚 (jīngāng)
- 金剛努目/金刚努目
- 金剛石/金刚石 (jīngāngshí)
- 金剛石婚/金刚石婚
- 金剛砂/金刚砂 (jīngāngshā)
- 金剛鑽/金刚钻 (jīngāngzuàn)
- 金創/金创
- 金勒
- 金匠 (jīnjiàng)
- 金匱/金匮 (jīnguì)
- 金印
- 金口
- 金口玉言
- 金句 (jīnjù)
- 金史
- 金吾 (jīnwú)
- 金嗓子 (jīnsǎngzi)
- 金圓券/金圆券 (jīnyuánquàn)
- 金坪 (Jīnpíng)
- 金城 (jīnchéng)
- 金城湯池/金城汤池 (jīnchéngtāngchí)
- 金堂 (Jīntáng)
- 金堰 (Jīnyàn)
- 金塔 (jīntǎ)
- 金壺/金壶
- 金天 (jīntiān)
- 金奏
- 金奴
- 金婚 (jīnhūn)
- 金子 (jīnzi)
- 金字塔 (jīnzìtǎ)
- 金字招牌 (jīnzì zhāopái)
- 金字旁 (jīnzìpáng)
- 金字旁兒/金字旁儿
- 金家橋/金家桥 (Jīnjiāqiáo)
- 金寧/金宁 (Jīnníng)
- 金屋 (jīnwū)
- 金屬/金属 (jīnshǔ)
- 金屬陶瓷/金属陶瓷
- 金山 (jīnshān)
- 金峰 (Jīnfēng)
- 金峰路 (Jīnfēnglù)
- 金川 (Jīnchuān)
- 金工 (jīngōng)
- 金帛 (jīnbó)
- 金帶/金带
- 金幣/金币 (jīnbì)
- 金庭 (Jīntíng)
- 金庫/金库 (jīnkù)
- 金張/金张
- 金戈鐵馬/金戈铁马 (jīngētiěmǎ)
- 金文 (jīnwén)
- 金斗 (jīndǒu)
- 金旁
- 金昌 (Jīnchāng)
- 金星 (Jīnxīng)
- 金晃晃
- 金曜 (jīnyào)
- 金朝 (Jīncháo)
- 金本位 (jīnběnwèi)
- 金果坪 (Jīnguǒpíng)
- 金枝玉葉/金枝玉叶 (jīnzhīyùyè)
- 金柑 (jīngān)
- 金柝
- 金條/金条 (jīntiáo)
- 金棺
- 金榜 (jīnbǎng)
- 金槍魚/金枪鱼 (jīnqiāngyú)
- 金樽 (jīnzūn)
- 金橘 (jīnjú)
- 金檢/金检
- 金殼郎/金壳郎
- 金殿 (jīndiàn)
- 金母
- 金汁
- 金沙 (jīnshā)
- 金波
- 金泥
- 金油
- 金湖 (Jīnhú)
- 金港 (Jīngǎng)
- 金湯/金汤 (jīntāng)
- 金漆
- 金漿玉醴/金浆玉醴
- 金灶
- 金烏/金乌 (jīnwū)
- 金煌煌
- 金燦燦/金灿灿 (jīncàncàn)
- 金牌 (jīnpái)
- 金牛 (jīnniú)
- 金牛座 (jīnniúzuò)
- 金猊
- 金獎/金奖 (jīnjiǎng)
- 金玉 (jīnyù)
- 金玉滿堂/金玉满堂 (jīnyùmǎntáng)
- 金玉良言 (jīnyùliángyán)
- 金珠 (jīnzhū)
- 金璫/金珰
- 金環蛇/金环蛇 (jīnhuánshé)
- 金瓜 (jīnguā)
- 金甌/金瓯 (jīn'ōu)
- 金甲 (jīnjiǎ)
- 金瘍/金疡
- 金瘡/金疮 (jīnchuāng)
- 金盞花/金盏花
- 金盞花/金盏花
- 金盞草/金盏草 (jīnzhǎncǎo)
- 金相
- 金相玉質/金相玉质
- 金石 (jīnshí)
- 金碧
- 金碧輝煌/金碧辉煌 (jīnbìhuīhuáng)
- 金礦/金矿 (jīnkuàng)
- 金社 (Jīnshè)
- 金秋 (jīnqiū)
- 金科
- 金科玉律 (jīnkēyùlǜ)
- 金穴
- 金童
- 金筆/金笔
- 金箔 (jīnbó)
- 金箍棒 (jīngūbàng)
- 金粉
- 金粟 (jīnsù)
- 金精
- 金糕
- 金紅/金红
- 金素
- 金紫
- 金絲燕/金丝燕
- 金絲猴/金丝猴 (jīnsīhóu)
- 金絲雀/金丝雀 (jīnsīquè)
- 金綠玉/金绿玉
- 金縢
- 金缸城 (Jīngāngchéng)
- 金罍
- 金聲/金声
- 金腿 (jīntuǐ)
- 金臺/金台 (Jīntái)
- 金色 (jīnsè)
- 金華/金华 (Jīnhuá)
- 金葉/金叶
- 金蓮/金莲 (jīnlián)
- 金蓮兒/金莲儿
- 金蓮花/金莲花 (jīnliánhuā)
- 金蘭/金兰 (jīnlán)
- 金蛇
- 金融 (jīnróng)
- 金融危機/金融危机 (jīnróng wēijī)
- 金融寡頭/金融寡头 (jīnróng guǎtóu)
- 金融資本/金融资本 (jīnróng zīběn)
- 金蟲/金虫
- 金蟬脫殼/金蝉脱壳
- 金蟾 (jīnchán)
- 金衡 (jīnhéng)
- 金衣
- 金裝/金装
- 金言 (jīnyán)
- 金諾/金诺
- 金谷
- 金貂
- 金貴/金贵 (jīnguì)
- 金質/金质 (jīnzhì)
- 金身
- 金輪/金轮 (jīnlún)
- 金迷紙醉/金迷纸醉
- 金邊/金边 (Jīnbiān)
- 金都
- 金酒 (jīnjiǔ)
- 金針/金针 (jīnzhēn)
- 金針菜/金针菜 (jīnzhēncài)
- 金針菇/金针菇 (jīnzhēngū)
- 金釭/金𮣲
- 金釧/金钏
- 金釵/金钗 (jīnchāi)
- 金鈿/金钿
- 金鉦/金钲 (jīnzhēng)
- 金鉤/金钩
- 金鈴子/金铃子
- 金銀/金银 (jīnyín)
- 金銀花/金银花 (jīnyínhuā)
- 金銀財寶/金银财宝 (jīnyíncáibǎo)
- 金鋪/金铺
- 金錢/金钱 (jīnqián)
- 金錢松/金钱松
- 金錢板/金钱板 (jīnqiánbǎn)
- 金錢草/金钱草 (jīnqiáncǎo)
- 金錢豹/金钱豹 (jīnqiánbào)
- 金鎖/金锁 (jīnsuǒ)
- 金鎊/金镑
- 金鏡/金镜
- 金鏤/金镂
- 金鐘兒/金钟儿
- 金鐲/金镯
- 金鑪/金𬬻
- 金鑰匙/金钥匙 (jīnyàoshi)
- 金鑾/金銮
- 金鑾殿/金銮殿
- 金門/金门 (Jīnmén)
- 金閃閃/金闪闪
- 金閨/金闺
- 金闕/金阙 (jīnquè)
- 金陵 (Jīnlíng)
- 金雕 (jīndiāo)
- 金雞/金鸡 (jīnjī)
- 金雞獨立/金鸡独立
- 金霓
- 金面
- 金革
- 金鞍 (jīn'ān)
- 金額/金额 (jīn'é)
- 金風/金风 (jīnfēng)
- 金飯碗/金饭碗
- 金飾/金饰 (jīnshì)
- 金馬/金马 (jīnmǎ)
- 金馬玉堂/金马玉堂 (Jīnmǎ Yùtáng)
- 金髮/金发 (jīnfà)
- 金魚/金鱼 (jīnyú)
- 金魚草/金鱼草 (jīnyúcǎo)
- 金魚藻/金鱼藻 (jīnyúzǎo)
- 金魚蟲/金鱼虫
- 金鴨/金鸭
- 金黃/金黄 (jīnhuáng)
- 金黴素/金霉素 (jīnméisù)
- 金鼓 (jīngǔ)
- 金龜/金龟 (jīnguī)
- 金龜子/金龟子 (jīnguīzǐ)
- 銷金/销金 (xiāojīn)
- 錯金/错金 (cuòjīn)
- 錫金/锡金 (Xījīn)
- 鍍金/镀金 (dùjīn)
- 鎦金/镏金 (liújīn)
- 鑠金/铄金
- 開金/开金 (kāijīn)
- 飾金/饰金
- 餅金/饼金
- 館金/馆金
- 馬丁·路德·金紀念日/马丁·路德·金纪念日 (Mǎdīng Lùdé Jīn Jìniànrì)
- 鬱金/郁金 (yùjīn)
- 鳴金/鸣金 (míngjīn)
- 麩金/麸金 (fūjīn)
- 黃金/黄金 (huángjīn)
- 黃金洞/黄金洞 (Huángjīndòng)
- 黑金 (hēijīn)
Descendants
[edit]Others:
References
[edit]- “Entry #4506”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.
- “金”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Readings
[edit]- Go-on: こん (kon, Jōyō)←こん (kon, historical)←こむ (komu, ancient)
- Kan-on: きん (kin, Jōyō)←きん (kin, historical)←きむ (kimu, ancient)
- Kun: かな (kana, 金, Jōyō †); かね (kane, 金, Jōyō); くがね (kugane, 金); こがね (kogane, 金)
- Nanori: か (ka); かん (kan); きむ (kimu); こ (ko); この (kono)
Etymology 1
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
金 |
かな Grade: 1 |
kun’yomi |
From Old Japanese. First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE with the phonetic man'yōgana spelling of 迦那 ⟨kana⟩. Appears to be the older form of this word. In modern Japanese, only found at the start of compounds.
Pronunciation
[edit]Prefix
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]- 金山 (kanayama): a mine (for mineral extraction)
- 金床 (kanatoko), 鉄床 (kanatoko), 鉄砧 (kanatoko): an anvil
- 金具 (kanagu): hardware, metal fittings
- 金串 (kanagushi): a metal skewer or spit
- 金轡 (kanagutsuwa): a metal bit (as for a horse's mouth); hush money, a bribe
- 金槌 (kanazuchi): a metal hammer
- 鉄棒 (kanabō): a metal rod or staff
- 金網 (kanaami): a metal mesh, net, or screen
- 金縛り (kanashibari): tightly bound, as if by metal chains
Etymology 2
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
金 |
かね Grade: 1 |
kun’yomi |
Alternative spellings |
---|
銀 銅 鉄 |
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *kanay. First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE with the phonetic man'yōgana spelling of 加尼 ⟨kane⟩.
The four kanji spellings of this term, 金 (“gold”), 銀 (“silver”), 銅 (“copper”), and 鉄 (“iron”), hint at the importance of each of these four metals in ancient Japan.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Usage notes
[edit]The 金 spelling is the most common for this term.
Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 3
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
金 |
くがね Grade: 1 |
kun’yomi |
Compound of 黄 (ku, “yellow”) + 金 (kane, “metal”). The ku is a variation of regular kun'yomi of ki for the 黄 character.[3] The kane changes to gane as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
Alternative forms
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Etymology 4
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
金 |
こがね Grade: 1 |
kun’yomi |
/kuɡane/ → /koɡane/
Alteration of kugane,[3] possibly influenced by metaphor from 小金 (kogane, “a small amount of money”), or by the kan'on reading of kō for the 黄 character.
Alternative forms
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- (Tokyo) こがね [kògáné] (Heiban – [0])[1][2]
- (Tokyo) こがね [kóꜜgànè] (Atamadaka – [1])[2]
- IPA(key): [ko̞ɡa̠ne̞]
Noun
[edit]- gold
- gold or metal currency: coins, such as 大判 (ōban) or 小判 (koban)
- short for 黄金色 (kogane iro, “gold”, the color)
- short for 黄金の泥 (kogane no dei, “golden mud”, gold dust suspended in an emulsion and used for painting or other decoration)
- ⇒ 金泥 (kondei)
See also
[edit]- 小金 (kogane): a small amount of money
- 金泥 (kondei): “golden mud”, gold dust suspended in an emulsion and used for painting or other decoration
Etymology 5
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
金 |
きん Grade: 1 |
on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 金 (kim). Compare modern Mandarin 金 (jīn).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- gold (Au)
- money
- 金一封をもらった。
- Kin ippū o moratta.
- I received a gift of money.
- 金一封をもらった。
- metal
- (shogi) short for 金将 (kinshō): the gold general (a shogi piece)
- one of the five classical elements in traditional Chinese philosophy and medicine: see the "Wu Xing" entry on Wikipedia
- short for 金曜日 (kin'yōbi): Friday
Usage notes
[edit]Often found in compounds.
Derived terms
[edit]- 金魚 (kingyo): a goldfish
- 金魚草 (kingyosō): a snapdragon
- 金魚掬い (kingyosukui): goldfish scooping (a fairground game)
- 金属 (kinzoku): a metal, metallic
- 金帛 (kinpaku): gold and silk, money and cloths
- 半金属 (hankinzoku): metalloid
- 非金属 (hikinzoku): a nonmetal, nonmetallic
- 金管楽器 (kinkan gakki): a brass instrument
- 金塊 (kinkai): a gold nugget, bar, ingot, or bullion
- 金型 (kanegata): a die or mold
- 金曜日 (kin'yōbi): Friday
- 金字塔 (kinjitō): a pyramid or monument
- 金銭 (kinsen): money, cash
- 金額 (kingaku): an amount of money
- 金髪 (kinpatsu): blond hair
- 上金 (agegane): tribute paid by general commoners to daimyō in feudal Japan
- 一刻千金 (ikkoku senkin): time flies when you're having fun
- 益金 (ekikin): profit, proceeds
- 換金 (kankin): realization or conversion of goods into money, such as to cash a check
- 金融 (kin'yū): finance
- 消費者金融 (shōhisha kin'yū): consumer finance
- 現金 (genkin): cash
- 国庫金 (kokkokin): treasury funds (as of the central government)
- 合金 (gōkin): an alloy
- 砂金 (sakin): gold dust
- 資金 (shikin): capital, funds
- 資金洗浄 (shikin senjō): money laundering
- 資本金 (shihonkin): capital, capital stock
- 借入金 (shakunyūkin): borrowed money, debt payable, loan payable
- 賞金 (shōkin): prize money, a reward
- 上金 (jōkin): high-quality or high-purity gold
- 代金 (daikin): a rate, a price
- 賃金 (chingin): wages
- 年金 (nenkin): a pension, an annuity
- 白金 (hakkin): platinum
- 引当金 (hikiatekin): provision, reserves
- 預金 (yokin): a deposit (as in a bank account)
- 料金 (ryōkin): a fee
- 錬金術 (renkinjutsu): alchemy
Proper noun
[edit]Etymology 6
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
金 |
こん Grade: 1 |
on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 金 (kim).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- metal, one of the five classical elements in traditional Chinese philosophy and medicine: see the "Wu Xing" entry on Wikipedia
Etymology 7
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
金 |
きむ Grade: 1 |
nanori |
Alternative forms
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Proper noun
[edit]- Kim, a surname from Korean
References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
Korean
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Middle Chinese 金 (MC kim).
Historical Readings | ||
---|---|---|
Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 금 (Yale: kùm) | |
Middle Korean | ||
Text | Eumhun | |
Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[3] | 쇠〮 (Yale: swóy) | 금 (Yale: kùm) |
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [kɯm]
- Phonetic hangul: [금]
Hanja
[edit]- Hanja form? of 금 (“gold; amount of money”). [noun]
- Hanja form? of 금 (“money”). [suffix]
- Hanja form? of 금 (“Short for 금요일(金曜日) (geumyoil, “Friday”).”).
Compounds
[edit]- 갹금 (醵金, gyakgeum)
- 거금 (巨金, geogeum)
- 거금 (醵金, geogeum)
- 금고 (金庫, geumgo)
- 금리 (金利, geumni)
- 금박 (金箔, geumbak)
- 금발 (金髪, geumbal)
- 금성 (金星, geumseong)
- 금속 (金屬, geumsok)
- 금융 (金融, geumyung)
- 금전 (金錢, geumjeon)
- 금품 (金品, geumpum)
- 과금 (課金, gwageum)
- 기금 (基金, gigeum)
- 대금 (代金, daegeum)
- 도금 (鍍金, dogeum)
- 모금 (募金, mogeum)
- 만금 (萬金, man'geum)
- 백금 (白金, baekgeum)
- 벌금 (罰金, beolgeum)
- 상금 (賞金, sanggeum)
- 세금 (稅金, segeum)
- 송금 (送金, songgeum)
- 연금 (年金, yeon'geum)
- 예금 (預金, yegeum)
- 요금 (料金, yogeum)
- 원금 (元金, won'geum)
- 임금 (賃金, imgeum)
- 입금 (入金, ipgeum)
- 자금 (資金, jageum)
- 저금 (貯金, jeogeum)
- 판금 (板金, pan'geum)
- 합금 (合金, hapgeum)
- 헌금 (獻金, heon'geum)
- 현금 (現金, hyeon'geum)
- 황금 (黃金, hwanggeum)
- 과징금 (課徵金, gwajinggeum)
- 금강산 (金剛山, Geumgangsan)
- 금요일 (金曜日, geumyoil)
- 금자탑 (金字塔, geumjatap)
- 기부금 (寄附金, gibugeum)
- 등록금 (登錄金, deungnokgeum)
- 범칙금 (犯則金, beomchikgeum)
- 보조금 (補助金, bojogeum)
- 비자금 (祕資金, bijageum)
- 잉여금 (剩餘金, ing'yeogeum)
- 장학금 (奬學金, janghakgeum)
- 중금속 (重金屬, junggeumsok)
- 추징금 (追徵金, chujinggeum)
- 후원금 (後援金, huwon'geum)
Etymology 2
[edit]Most likely a borrowing from Early Mandarin 金 (EM *kim) during Mongol rule in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [kim]
- Phonetic hangul: [김]
Hanja
[edit]金 (eumhun 사람의 성(姓) 김 (saram-ui seong gim))
Compounds
[edit]References
[edit]- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [4]
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]金: Hán Việt readings: kim[1][2][3]
金: Nôm readings: kim[1][2][4], ghim[3][5], câm[2], găm[3], ghim[4]
Compounds
[edit]References
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