孤單

See also: 孤单

Chinese

		lone; lonely	bill; list; form bill; list; form; single; only; sole; surname; chieftain
trad. (孤單)		孤	單
simp. (孤单)		孤	单

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): gūdān

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨ ㄉㄢ

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): гўдан (gwdan, II-I)

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gu¹ daan¹
• Gan (Wiktionary): 'gu¹ dan¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kû-tân
• Eastern Min (BUC): gŭ-dăng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): ko͘-toaⁿ / ko͘-tan

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gou¹ duan¹

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ¹ku-te

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gūdān
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨ ㄉㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gudan
    • Wade–Giles: ku¹-tan¹
    • Yale: gū-dān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gudan
    • Palladius: гудань (gudanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku⁵⁵ tän⁵⁵/
    • Homophones:

      [Show/Hide]
      edit edit 估單／估单 孤單／孤单

  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: гўдан (gwdan, II-I)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku⁵¹ tæ̃²⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: gu¹ daan¹
    • Yale: gū dāan
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gu¹ daan¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: gu¹ dan¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuː⁵⁵ taːn⁵⁵/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: 'gu¹ dan¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˈku⁴² tan⁴²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kû-tân
    • Hakka Romanization System: gu´ dan´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gu¹ dan¹
    • Sinological IPA: /ku²⁴⁻¹¹ tan²⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: gŭ-dăng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku⁵⁵ ^(t-)laŋ⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ko͘-toaⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: koo-tuann
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ko'dvoaf
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔ³³ tuã³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Singapore): /kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² tuã⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ tuã⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Philippines, variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ko͘-tan
    • Tâi-lô: koo-tan
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ko'dafn
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Philippines): /kɔ³³ tan³³/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ tan⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² tan⁴⁴/

Note:

• ko͘-toaⁿ - common in Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taiwan;
• ko͘-tan - common in Quanzhou.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: gou¹ duan¹
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kou tuaⁿ
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kou³³⁻²³ tũã³³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹ku-te
    • MiniDict: ku^平 te
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹ku-te
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ku⁵⁵ te²¹/

Adjective

孤單

1. lonely; lonesome; solitary; desolate
2. weak; powerless

Synonyms

• (lonely):

• 俗 (Hokkien)
• 孤孑 (gūjié) (literary)
• 孤寂 (gūjì)
• 孤獨／孤独 (gūdú)
• 寂寞 (jìmò)
• 寂寥 (jìliáo)
• 挑另 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
• 索寞 (suǒmò) (literary or Eastern Min)
• 落寞 (luòmò)

 

• (weak):

• 單薄／单薄 (dānbó)
• 孱弱 (chánruò) (literary)
• 弱 (ruò)
• 微弱 (wēiruò)
• 柔弱 (róuruò)
• 瘦弱 (shòuruò)
• 瘦瘠 (shòují)
• 羸弱 (léiruò)
• 脆弱 (cuìruò)
• 荏弱 (Hokkien)
• 薄弱 (bóruò)
• 虛弱／虚弱 (xūruò)
• 虛荏／虚荏 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
• 虛虧／虚亏 (xūkuī)
• 虧弱／亏弱 (kuīruò)
• 衰弱 (shuāiruò)
• 軟弱／软弱 (ruǎnruò)
• 軟䭕／软𬲕 (Hokkien, Teochew)
• 雌 (cí) (literary)
• 體弱／体弱 (tǐruò)

 

Adverb

孤單

1. (Southern Min) only; just; alone

Synonyms

• 一塌括子 (⁷iq-thaeq₇-khuaeq₇-tsy₃) (Suzhounese)
• 僅僅／仅仅 (jǐnjǐn)
• 儷是／俪是 (nâ-sê) (Eastern Min)
• 則是／则是 (zéshì) (archaic)
• 只
• 只係／只系 (zi² hai⁶) (Cantonese)
• 只是 (zhǐshì)
• 單純／单纯 (dānchún)
• 孤啊 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
• 干焦 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
• 徒然 (túrán)

 

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
孤	單

Adjective

孤單

1. chữ Hán form of cô đơn (“lonely”).