-им

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search

Bulgarian

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Proto-Slavic *-imъ, present passive participle ending of (former) i-conjugation verbs. In Modern Bulgarian, the derivatives constructed with this suffix are interpreted as normal adjectives.

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • IPA(key): [-im]
  • Audio:(file)

Suffix

[edit]

-им (-im)

  1. (productive) Deverbal from transitive verbs in i-conjugation, forms adjectives expressing capacity, susceptibility, eventuality, or condition: -able
    видя (vidja, to look at)видим (vidim, visible, apparent)
    движа (dviža, to move)движим (dvižim, movable)
    реша (reša, to solve, to decide)решим (rešim, solvable, decisive)
    преодоля (preodolja, to overcome)преодолим (preodolim, overcomable)
    поправя (popravja, to repair)поправим (popravim, repairable)
    заредя (zaredja, to charge)заредим (zaredim, chargeable)
  2. (obsolete) Deverbal from transitive verbs in i-conjugation, forms adjectives expressing contemporary result, attribute or effect.
    побратя (pobratja, to form brotherly relations)побратим (pobratim, sworn brother)
    дължа (dǎlža, to owе)дължим (dǎlžim, due, owned)

Usage notes

[edit]

Adjectives formed with -им (-im) are semi-interchangeable with parallel adjectives in -яем (-jaem) (< -ѣѥмъ) (e.g. овладим (ovladim, conquerable) vs овладяем (ovladjaem, possible to be mastered). The former usually imply punctual capacity (something that is possible or liable to happen once), while the later - a continuous capacity.

Derived terms

[edit]
[edit]

References

[edit]
  • St. Stoyanov (1983) “Прилагателни имена от причастия”, in Граматика на съвременния български книжовен език, volume 2, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 150