πράσον

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥so- (“leek”), and connected with Latin porrum (“leek”) and Albanian presh. However, Beekes does not rule out a Pre-Greek origin due to its semantic category (vegetable names are usually derived from substrates in Indo-European languages).^[1]

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /prá.son/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈpra.son/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈpra.son/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈpra.son/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈpra.son/

Noun

πρᾰ́σον • (prắson) n (genitive πρᾰ́σου); second declension

leek, Allium ampeloprasum (syn. Allium porrum)

Declension

Second declension of τὸ πρᾰ́σον; τοῦ πρᾰ́σου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ πρᾰ́σον tò prắson	τὼ πρᾰ́σω tṑ prắsō	τᾰ̀ πρᾰ́σᾰ tằ prắsă
Genitive	τοῦ πρᾰ́σου toû prắsou	τοῖν πρᾰ́σοιν toîn prắsoin	τῶν πρᾰ́σων tôn prắsōn
Dative	τῷ πρᾰ́σῳ tōî prắsōi	τοῖν πρᾰ́σοιν toîn prắsoin	τοῖς πρᾰ́σοις toîs prắsois
Accusative	τὸ πρᾰ́σον tò prắson	τὼ πρᾰ́σω tṑ prắsō	τᾰ̀ πρᾰ́σᾰ tằ prắsă
Vocative	πρᾰ́σον prắson	πρᾰ́σω prắsō	πρᾰ́σᾰ prắsă
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

ἀγρῐόπρᾰσον (agrĭóprăson)
ἀμπελόπρασον (ampelóprason)
πράσινος (prásinos)
πράσιον (prásion)
πράσιος (prásios)

Descendants

Greek: πράσο (práso), πράσσο n (prásso)
- → Ottoman Turkish: پراصه (prasa, pırasa), پراسه (prasa, pırasa)
  - Turkish: pırasa
  - → Armenian: փըրասա (pʻərasa), փըռասա (pʻəṙasa)
  - → Middle Armenian: փռասա (pʻṙasa)
  - → Ladino: prasa
→ Coptic: ⲡⲗⲁⲥⲥⲁ (plassa)
→ Laz: პრასკჲა (p̌rasǩya), პროსკჲა (p̌rosǩya), პრასა (p̌rasa), პრასკა (p̌rasǩa), პოსკჲა (p̌osǩya), პროსკა (p̌rosǩa), პასქია (p̌askia)
→ Mingrelian: პურასკია (ṗurasḳia), პურასქია (ṗuraskia)
- → Abkhaz: а-прасқьиа (a-pʼraskja)
→ Old Armenian: պրաս (pras), պրախ (prax), պրասխ (prasx), պարասխ (parasx)
- Armenian: պրաս (pras)
- Middle Armenian: պռաս (pṙas)
→ Old Church Slavonic: прасъ (prasŭ), празъ (prazŭ)
→ Old Georgian: პრასაჲ (ṗrasay)
- Georgian: პრასი (ṗrasi), პრასა (ṗrasa)
  - → Bats: პრას (ṗras)
  - → Ossetian: прасӕ (prasæ), праса (prasa)
→ Romanian: praz

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “πράσον”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1229

“πράσον”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“πράσον”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
πράσον in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910), English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- leek idem, page 484.
Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1979), “պրաս”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume IV, Yerevan: University Press, page 114a
Walde, Alois (1927), Julius Pokorny, editor, Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der indogermanischen Sprachen (in German), volume II, Berlin: de Gruyter, page 84
Boisacq, Émile (1916), “πράσον”, in Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue grecque (in French), Heidelberg: Carl Winter, page 810
Walde, Alois (1910), “porrum, porrus”, in Lateinisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), 2nd edition, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, pages 601–602

[1] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “πράσον”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1229

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