غربال

Arabic

غِرْبَال

Etymology

From Aramaic עַרְבָּלָא /‎ ܥܱܪܒܳܠܴܐ (ʿarbālā) ( more commonly written אַרְבָּאלָא / אַרְבָּלָא (ʾarbālā), and also vocalized עַרְכְּלָא (ʿarbəlā), אַרְכְּלָא (ʾarbəlā)). Possible a culture-word left from the Hurrian period in Nuzi from which sieves have been excavated and where the Hurrian word 𒂊𒅕𒁁𒀉𒋼 (e-ir-be-et-te /⁠erbette⁠/) is found, said to be of uncertain meaning. Such an origin is also supported by Old Armenian խարբալեմ (xarbalem, “to sift”), Middle Armenian խարբալ (xarbal, “sieve”). (Neo-Babylonian 𒌒𒁄𒆷 (/⁠arballu⁠/, “sieve”) is from Aramaic.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɣir.baːl/

Noun

غِرْبَال • (ḡirbāl) m (plural غَرَابِيل (ḡarābīl))

1. sieve, riddle, cribble, strainer, sifter

Declension

Declension of noun غِرْبَال (ḡirbāl)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	غِرْبَال ḡirbāl	الْغِرْبَال al-ḡirbāl	غِرْبَال ḡirbāl
Nominative	غِرْبَالٌ ḡirbālun	الْغِرْبَالُ al-ḡirbālu	غِرْبَالُ ḡirbālu
Accusative	غِرْبَالًا ḡirbālan	الْغِرْبَالَ al-ḡirbāla	غِرْبَالَ ḡirbāla
Genitive	غِرْبَالٍ ḡirbālin	الْغِرْبَالِ al-ḡirbāli	غِرْبَالِ ḡirbāli
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	غِرْبَالَيْن ḡirbālayn	الْغِرْبَالَيْن al-ḡirbālayn	غِرْبَالَيْ ḡirbālay
Nominative	غِرْبَالَانِ ḡirbālāni	الْغِرْبَالَانِ al-ḡirbālāni	غِرْبَالَا ḡirbālā
Accusative	غِرْبَالَيْنِ ḡirbālayni	الْغِرْبَالَيْنِ al-ḡirbālayni	غِرْبَالَيْ ḡirbālay
Genitive	غِرْبَالَيْنِ ḡirbālayni	الْغِرْبَالَيْنِ al-ḡirbālayni	غِرْبَالَيْ ḡirbālay
Plural	basic broken plural diptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	غَرَابِيل ḡarābīl	الْغَرَابِيل al-ḡarābīl	غَرَابِيل ḡarābīl
Nominative	غَرَابِيلُ ḡarābīlu	الْغَرَابِيلُ al-ḡarābīlu	غَرَابِيلُ ḡarābīlu
Accusative	غَرَابِيلَ ḡarābīla	الْغَرَابِيلَ al-ḡarābīla	غَرَابِيلَ ḡarābīla
Genitive	غَرَابِيلَ ḡarābīla	الْغَرَابِيلِ al-ḡarābīli	غَرَابِيلِ ḡarābīli

Derived terms

• غَرْبَلَ (ḡarbala, “to sift”)
• غِرْبَالِيّ (ḡirbāliyy, “ethmoid”)

Descendants

• → Azerbaijani: xəlbir
• → Catalan: garbell
• → French: grabeau
• → Persian: غربال (ğarbâl), غربیل (ğarbil), گربال (girbâl, garbâl); قلبور (qalbur) (rare Ottoman or Azeri reborrowing)
  • → Azerbaijani: qəlbir
  • → Kazakh: қалбыр (qalbyr)
  • → Kyrgyz: калбыр (kalbır)
  • → Nogai: калбыр (kalbır)
  • → Ottoman Turkish: قالبور (qalbur)
  • → Turkmen: galbir
  • → Uzbek: gʻalvir
• → Portuguese: alvarral
• → Sicilian: garbula
• → Spanish: garbillo

References

• “غربال” in Almaany
• “arballu”, in The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago (CAD)‎^[1], volume 1, A, part 2, Chicago: University of Chicago Oriental Institute, 1968, page 239
• “erbette”, in The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago (CAD)‎^[2], volume 4, E, Chicago: University of Chicago Oriental Institute, 1958, page 256
• “ˁrbl”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “غربال”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎^[3] (in French), volume 2, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 205
• Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 91
• Freytag, Georg (1835) “غربال”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[4] (in Latin), volume 3, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 267
• Hübschmann, Heinrich (1892) “Die semitischen Lehnwörter im Altarmenischen”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft‎^[5] (in German), volume 46, page 238
• Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “غربال”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎^[6] (in French), volume 2, Paris: Maisonneuve et C^ie, page 453
• Lagarde, Paul de (1877) Armenische Studien (in German), Göttingen: Dieterich, page 65
• Lane, Edward William (1863) “غربال”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎^[7], London: Williams & Norgate, page 2245
• Müller, Friedrich (1893) “Kleine Mitteilungen [Pahlawi-, neupersische und armenische Etymologien]”, in Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes (in German), volume 7, →DOI, pages 380–381
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “غربال”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎^[8], London: W.H. Allen, page 749
• Wahrmund, Adolf (1887) “غربال”, in Handwörterbuch der neu-arabischen und deutschen Sprache‎^[9] (in German), volume 2, Gießen: J. Ricker’sche Buchhandlung, page 344
• Wehr, Hans (1979) “غربال”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 784
• Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “غربال”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎^[10] (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 910

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Persian

Alternative forms

• غربیل (ğarbil), گربال (girbâl, garbâl)
• قلبور (qalbur) (rare Ottoman or Azeri reborrowing)

Etymology

From Arabic غِرْبَال (ḡirbāl), from Aramaic עַרְבָּלָא /‎ ܥܱܪܒܳܠܴܐ (ʿarbālā), assumed to be from Hurrian.

Noun

غربال • (ğarbâl)

1. sieve, riddle, cribble, strainer, sifter

Descendants

• → Azerbaijani: qəlbir
• → Kazakh: қалбыр (qalbyr)
• → Kyrgyz: калбыр (kalbır)
• → Nogai: калбыр (kalbır)
• → Ottoman Turkish: قالبور (qalbur)
• → Turkmen: galbir
• → Uzbek: gʻalvir

References

• Doerfer, Gerhard (1967) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission)‎^[11] (in German), volume III, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, pages 493–494