ग्रीष्म

Hindi

Etymology

From Sanskrit ग्रीष्म (grīṣmá).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /ɡɾiːʂ.mᵊ/, [ɡɾiːʃ.mᵊ]

Noun

ग्रीष्म • (grīṣma) m (Urdu spelling گریشم)

1. summer, the hot season

   ग्रीष्म अवकाश दो महीने में आरम्भ करता है।

   grīṣma avkāś do mahīne mẽ ārambh kartā hai.

   Summer vacation starts in two months.

Synonyms

• गर्मी (garmī)

References

• Bahri, Hardev (1989) “ग्रीष्म”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
• Platts, John T. (1884) “ग्रीष्म”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.

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Sanskrit

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *gr̥Hsmás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gr̥Hsmás, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷr̥h₂-smh₂-ós, from *gʷreh₂- (“heavy”) + *semh₂- (“summer”). Cognate with English summer, Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬨𐬀 (hama), Persian هامین (hâmin), Old English sumor (whence English summer) through the latter component. Also related to समा (sámā).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɡɾiːʂ.mɐ́/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈɡɾiːʂ.mɐ/

Noun

ग्रीष्म • (grīṣmá) stem, m

1. summer, the hot season (from the middle of May to the middle of July)
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda
   • c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda
2. summer heat, heat

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of ग्रीष्म (grīṣmá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ग्रीष्मः grīṣmáḥ	ग्रीष्मौ / ग्रीष्मा¹ grīṣmaú / grīṣmā́¹	ग्रीष्माः / ग्रीष्मासः¹ grīṣmā́ḥ / grīṣmā́saḥ¹
Vocative	ग्रीष्म grī́ṣma	ग्रीष्मौ / ग्रीष्मा¹ grī́ṣmau / grī́ṣmā¹	ग्रीष्माः / ग्रीष्मासः¹ grī́ṣmāḥ / grī́ṣmāsaḥ¹
Accusative	ग्रीष्मम् grīṣmám	ग्रीष्मौ / ग्रीष्मा¹ grīṣmaú / grīṣmā́¹	ग्रीष्मान् grīṣmā́n
Instrumental	ग्रीष्मेण grīṣméṇa	ग्रीष्माभ्याम् grīṣmā́bhyām	ग्रीष्मैः / ग्रीष्मेभिः¹ grīṣmaíḥ / grīṣmébhiḥ¹
Dative	ग्रीष्माय grīṣmā́ya	ग्रीष्माभ्याम् grīṣmā́bhyām	ग्रीष्मेभ्यः grīṣmébhyaḥ
Ablative	ग्रीष्मात् grīṣmā́t	ग्रीष्माभ्याम् grīṣmā́bhyām	ग्रीष्मेभ्यः grīṣmébhyaḥ
Genitive	ग्रीष्मस्य grīṣmásya	ग्रीष्मयोः grīṣmáyoḥ	ग्रीष्माणाम् grīṣmā́ṇām
Locative	ग्रीष्मे grīṣmé	ग्रीष्मयोः grīṣmáyoḥ	ग्रीष्मेषु grīṣméṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

• Pali: gimha
• → Kannada: ಗ್ರೀಷ್ಮ (grīṣma)
• → Telugu: గ్రీష్మము (grīṣmamu)