शर्व

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Sanskrit

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Alternative scripts

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Etymology

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From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Ćarwás. Cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬀𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀 (sauruua, name of a Daeva). The name is probably derived from the same root as शरु (śáru, arrow).[1][2] Lubotsky claims non-Indo-European origin[3] and connects Tocharian A śaru (hunter), Tocharian B śer(u)we (hunter)[4]

Pronunciation

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Proper noun

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शर्व (śarvá) stemm

  1. the name of a manifestation of Rudra-Śiva in his fierce aspect, as a fierce deity who kills people with arrows; Śarva is considered in the Vedas, along with Paśupati, Bhava, and others, to be a name of Rudra
    • c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Kṛṣṇa-Yajurveda (Taittirīya Saṃhitā) IV.5.5:
      नमो भवाय च रुद्राय च नमः शर्वाय च पशुपतये च
      namo bhavāya ca rudrāya ca namaḥ śarvāya ca paśupataye ca
      Homage to Bhava and to Rudra.
      Homage to Śarva and to the lord of cattle.
    • c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda 6.93.1:
      यमो मृत्युरघमारो निर्ऋथो बभ्रुः शर्वोऽस्ता नीलशिखण्डः ।
      देवजनाः सेनयोत्तस्थिवांसस्ते अस्माकं परि वृञ्जन्तु वीरान् ॥
      yamo mṛtyuraghamāro nirṛtho babhruḥ śarvoʼstā nīlaśikhaṇḍaḥ.
      devajanāḥ senayottasthivāṃsaste asmākaṃ pari vṛñjantu vīrān.
      Yama, [who is] Death, direly fatal, the Destroyer, with his black crest, and Śarva the tawny archer,
      And all the Gods uprisen with their army, may these on every side avoid [striking] our heroes.

Declension

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Masculine a-stem declension of शर्व (śarvá)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative शर्वः
śarváḥ
शर्वौ / शर्वा¹
śarvaú / śarvā́¹
शर्वाः / शर्वासः¹
śarvā́ḥ / śarvā́saḥ¹
Vocative शर्व
śárva
शर्वौ / शर्वा¹
śárvau / śárvā¹
शर्वाः / शर्वासः¹
śárvāḥ / śárvāsaḥ¹
Accusative शर्वम्
śarvám
शर्वौ / शर्वा¹
śarvaú / śarvā́¹
शर्वान्
śarvā́n
Instrumental शर्वेण
śarvéṇa
शर्वाभ्याम्
śarvā́bhyām
शर्वैः / शर्वेभिः¹
śarvaíḥ / śarvébhiḥ¹
Dative शर्वाय
śarvā́ya
शर्वाभ्याम्
śarvā́bhyām
शर्वेभ्यः
śarvébhyaḥ
Ablative शर्वात्
śarvā́t
शर्वाभ्याम्
śarvā́bhyām
शर्वेभ्यः
śarvébhyaḥ
Genitive शर्वस्य
śarvásya
शर्वयोः
śarváyoḥ
शर्वाणाम्
śarvā́ṇām
Locative शर्वे
śarvé
शर्वयोः
śarváyoḥ
शर्वेषु
śarvéṣu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic

References

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  1. ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 621
  2. ^ Monier Williams (1899) “शर्व”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, [], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1057.
  3. ^ Lubotsky, Alexander (1999) “The Indo-Iranian substratum”, in Early Contacts between Uralic and Indo-European: Linguistic and Archaeological Considerations[2], Helsinki
  4. ^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 446.