ᚹᚢᚱᛏᛖ

Proto-Norse

Alternative forms

• ᛟᚱᛏᛖ (ortē, younger form)

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *wurhtē, the third-person singular indicative past of *wurkijaną. Cognate with Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌷𐍄𐌰 (waurhta) (1st/3rd sg. ind. past of 𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌽 (waurkjan)).

Verb

ᚹᚢᚱᛏᛖ (wurte /wurtē/) (third-person singular past active indicative)

1. [he/she/it] wrought, made
   • 5th-6th century, Tjurkö 1 bracteate

     ᚹᚢᚱᛏᛖᚱᚢᚾᛟᛉᚨᚾᚹᚨᛚᚺᚨᚲᚢᚱᚾᛖ··ᚺᛖᛚᛞᚨᛉᚲᚢᚾᛁᛗᚢᛞᛁᚢ···
     wurterunozanwalhakurne··heldazkunimudiu···

     wurtē runōz an walhakurnē, Heldaz Kunimundiu

     Heldaz wrought the runes on the foreign/Roman grain [the gold] for Kunimunduz.

Attested forms

• (first-person singular past active indicative) — ᚹᛟᚱᚨᚺᛏᛟ (worahto /⁠worᵃhtō⁠/)
• (third-person singular past active indicative) — ᚹᚢᚱᛏᛖ (wurte /⁠wurtē⁠/), ᛟᚱᛏᛖ (orte /⁠ortē⁠/)

Descendants

• Old Norse: yrkja (3rd singular indicative past orti)
  • Icelandic: yrkja, orka
  • Faroese: yrkja, orka
  • Norwegian:
    • Norwegian Bokmål: yrke, orke
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: yrkja, yrke, orka, orke
  • Elfdalian: yrtja, uorka
  • Old Swedish: yrkia, orka
    • Swedish: yrka, orka
  • Old Danish: yrkæ, orkæ
    • Danish: ørke, orke
  • Old Gutnish: yrkia, orka
    • Gutnish: yrke, orke
  • → Middle English: irken
    • English: irk