ⲧⲱⲡ

Coptic

Alternative forms

• ⲧⲟⲩⲟⲩⲃⲉ (touoube), ⲧⲟⲩⲃⲉ (toube) — Akhmimic
• ⲧⲱⲃ (tōb), ⲧⲟⲃ (tob) — Bohairic
• ⲧⲱⲱⲃⲓ (tōōbi) — Fayyumic
• ⲧⲱⲃⲉ (tōbe) — Sahidic, Lycopolitan

Etymology

From Egyptian (ḏbꜣ, “replace, repay”).

Verb

ⲧⲱⲡ • (tōp) (pronominal state ⲧⲟⲡ⸗)

1. (Bohairic) to repay, requite

Conjugation

Conjugation of ⲧⲱⲡ (Bohairic dialect)

infinitive	affirmative	ⲧⲱⲡ tōp	imperative	affirmative	ⲧⲱⲡ tōp
	negative	ϣⲧⲉⲙⲧⲱⲡ štemtōp		negative	ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲣⲧⲱⲡ m̀pertōp

			singular					plural			nominal
			1st person	2nd person		3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
				masculine	feminine	masculine	feminine
durative sentence
			ⲁⲛⲟⲕ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ	ⲁⲛⲟⲛ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ	-
present	basic		ϯⲧⲱⲡ titōp	ⲕⲧⲱⲡ ktōp	ⲧⲉⲧⲱⲡ tetōp	ϥⲧⲱⲡ ftōp	ⲥⲧⲱⲡ stōp	ⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲡ tentōp	ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲡ tetentōp	ⲥⲉⲧⲱⲡ setōp	ⲧⲱⲡ tōp
	circumstantial		ⲉⲓⲧⲱⲡ eitōp	ⲉⲕⲧⲱⲡ ektōp	ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲱⲡ eretōp	ⲉϥⲧⲱⲡ eftōp	ⲉⲥⲧⲱⲡ estōp	ⲉⲛⲧⲱⲡ entōp	ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲡ eretentōp	ⲉⲩⲧⲱⲡ eutōp	ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲡ ere- tōp
	relative		ⲉϯⲧⲱⲡ etitōp	ⲉⲧⲉⲕⲧⲱⲡ etektōp	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲱⲡ etetōp	ⲉⲧⲉϥⲧⲱⲡ eteftōp	ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲧⲱⲡ etestōp	ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲡ etentōp	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲡ etetentōp	ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲧⲱⲡ etoutōp	ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲧⲱⲡ ete- tōp
	preterite		ⲛⲁⲓⲧⲱⲡ naitōp	ⲛⲁⲕⲧⲱⲡ naktōp	ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲡ naretōp	ⲛⲁϥⲧⲱⲡ naftōp	ⲛⲁⲥⲧⲱⲡ nastōp	ⲛⲁⲛⲧⲱⲡ nantōp	ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲡ naretentōp	ⲛⲁⲩⲧⲱⲡ nautōp	ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲡ nare- tōp
	focalising		ⲁⲓⲧⲱⲡ aitōp	ⲁⲕⲧⲱⲡ aktōp	ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲡ aretōp	ⲁϥⲧⲱⲡ aftōp	ⲁⲥⲧⲱⲡ astōp	ⲁⲛⲧⲱⲡ antōp	ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲡ aretentōp	ⲁⲩⲧⲱⲡ autōp	ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲡ are- tōp
future	basic		ϯⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡ tinatōp	ⲭⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡ khnatōp	ⲧⲉⲣⲁⲧⲱⲡ teratōp	ϥⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡ fnatōp	ⲥⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡ snatōp	ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡ tennatōp	ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡ tetennatōp	ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡ senatōp	ⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡ natōp
	circumstantial		ⲉⲓⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡ einatōp	ⲉⲭⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡ ekhnatōp	ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡ erenatōp	ⲉϥⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡ efnatōp	ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡ esnatōp	ⲉⲛⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡ ennatōp	ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡ eretennatōp	ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡ eunatōp	ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡ ere- natōp
	relative		ⲉϯⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡ etinatōp	ⲉⲧⲉⲭⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡ etekhnatōp	ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡ etenatōp	ⲉⲧⲉϥⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡ etefnatōp	ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡ etesnatōp	ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡ etennatōp	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡ etetennatōp	ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡ etounatōp	ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡ ete- natōp
	preterite		ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡ nainatōp	ⲛⲁⲭⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡ nakhnatōp	ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡ narenatōp	ⲛⲁϥⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡ nafnatōp	ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡ nasnatōp	ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡ nannatōp	ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡ naretennatōp	ⲛⲁⲩⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡ naunatōp	ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡ nare- natōp
	focalising		ⲁⲓⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡ ainatōp	ⲁⲭⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡ akhnatōp	ⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡ arenatōp	ⲁϥⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡ afnatōp	ⲁⲥⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡ asnatōp	ⲁⲛⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡ annatōp	ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡ aretennatōp	ⲁⲩⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡ aunatōp	ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡ are- natōp
negated with			(ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an
non-durative sentence
			ⲁⲛⲟⲕ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ	ⲁⲛⲟⲛ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ	-
past	basic	affirmative	ⲁⲓⲧⲱⲡ aitōp	ⲁⲕⲧⲱⲡ aktōp	ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲡ aretōp	ⲁϥⲧⲱⲡ aftōp	ⲁⲥⲧⲱⲡ astōp	ⲁⲛⲧⲱⲡ antōp	ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲡ atetentōp	ⲁⲩⲧⲱⲡ autōp	ⲁ- ⲧⲱⲡ a- tōp
		negative	ⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲧⲱⲡ m̀pitōp	ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕⲧⲱⲡ m̀pektōp	ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲱⲡ m̀petōp	ⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲧⲱⲡ m̀peftōp	ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲧⲱⲡ m̀pestōp	ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲧⲱⲡ m̀pentōp	ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲡ m̀petentōp	ⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲧⲱⲡ m̀poutōp	ⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲧⲱⲡ m̀pe- tōp
	circumstantial	affirmative	ⲉⲁⲓⲧⲱⲡ eaitōp	ⲉⲁⲕⲧⲱⲡ eaktōp	ⲉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲡ earetōp	ⲉⲁϥⲧⲱⲡ eaftōp	ⲉⲁⲥⲧⲱⲡ eastōp	ⲉⲁⲛⲧⲱⲡ eantōp	ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲡ eatetentōp	ⲉⲁⲩⲧⲱⲡ eautōp	ⲉⲁ- ⲧⲱⲡ ea- tōp
		negative	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲧⲱⲡ em̀pitōp	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕⲧⲱⲡ em̀pektōp	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲱⲡ em̀petōp	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲧⲱⲡ em̀peftōp	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲧⲱⲡ em̀pestōp	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲧⲱⲡ em̀pentōp	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲡ em̀petentōp	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲧⲱⲡ em̀poutōp	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲧⲱⲡ em̀pe- tōp
	relative	affirmative	ⲉⲧⲁⲓⲧⲱⲡ etaitōp	ⲉⲧⲁⲕⲧⲱⲡ etaktōp	ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲡ etaretōp	ⲉⲧⲁϥⲧⲱⲡ etaftōp	ⲉⲧⲁⲥⲧⲱⲡ etastōp	ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲧⲱⲡ etantōp	ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲡ etaretentōp	ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲧⲱⲡ etautōp	ⲉⲧⲁ- ⲧⲱⲡ eta- tōp
		negative	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲧⲱⲡ etm̀pitōp	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕⲧⲱⲡ etm̀pektōp	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲱⲡ etm̀petōp	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲧⲱⲡ etm̀peftōp	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲧⲱⲡ etm̀pestōp	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲧⲱⲡ etm̀pentōp	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲡ etm̀petentōp	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲧⲱⲡ etm̀poutōp	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲧⲱⲡ etm̀pe- tōp
	preterite	affirmative	ⲛⲉⲁⲓⲧⲱⲡ neaitōp	ⲛⲉⲁⲕⲧⲱⲡ neaktōp	ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲡ nearetōp	ⲛⲉⲁϥⲧⲱⲡ neaftōp	ⲛⲉⲁⲥⲧⲱⲡ neastōp	ⲛⲉⲁⲛⲧⲱⲡ neantōp	ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲡ neatetentōp	ⲛⲉⲁⲩⲧⲱⲡ neautōp	ⲛⲉⲁ- ⲧⲱⲡ nea- tōp
		negative	ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲧⲱⲡ nem̀pitōp	ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕⲧⲱⲡ nem̀pektōp	ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲱⲡ nem̀petōp	ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲧⲱⲡ nem̀peftōp	ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲧⲱⲡ nem̀pestōp	ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲧⲱⲡ nem̀pentōp	ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲡ nem̀petentōp	ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲧⲱⲡ nem̀poutōp	ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲧⲱⲡ nem̀pe- tōp
	focalising, precursive	affirmative	ⲉⲧⲁⲓⲧⲱⲡ etaitōp	ⲉⲧⲁⲕⲧⲱⲡ etaktōp	ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲡ etaretōp	ⲉⲧⲁϥⲧⲱⲡ etaftōp	ⲉⲧⲁⲥⲧⲱⲡ etastōp	ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲧⲱⲡ etantōp	ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲡ etaretentōp	ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲧⲱⲡ etautōp	ⲉⲧⲁ- ⲧⲱⲡ eta- tōp
expectative	basic	negative	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲧⲱⲡ m̀patitōp	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲧⲱⲡ m̀patektōp	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲱⲡ m̀patetōp	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲧⲱⲡ m̀pateftōp	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲧⲱⲡ m̀patestōp	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲡ m̀patentōp	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲡ m̀patetentōp	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲧⲱⲡ m̀patoutōp	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲧⲱⲡ m̀pate- tōp
	circumstantial	negative	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲧⲱⲡ em̀patitōp	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲧⲱⲡ em̀patektōp	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲱⲡ em̀patetōp	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲧⲱⲡ em̀pateftōp	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲧⲱⲡ em̀patestōp	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲡ em̀patentōp	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲡ em̀patetentōp	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲧⲱⲡ em̀patoutōp	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲧⲱⲡ em̀pate- tōp
	relative	negative	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲧⲱⲡ etm̀patitōp	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲧⲱⲡ etm̀patektōp	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲱⲡ etm̀patetōp	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲧⲱⲡ etm̀pateftōp	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲧⲱⲡ etm̀patestōp	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲡ etm̀patentōp	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲡ etm̀patetentōp	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲧⲱⲡ etm̀patoutōp	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲧⲱⲡ etm̀pate- tōp
	preterite	negative	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲧⲱⲡ nam̀patitōp	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲧⲱⲡ nam̀patektōp	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲱⲡ nam̀patetōp	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲧⲱⲡ nam̀pateftōp	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲧⲱⲡ nam̀patestōp	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲡ nam̀patentōp	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲡ nam̀patetentōp	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲧⲱⲡ nam̀patoutōp	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲧⲱⲡ nam̀pate- tōp
aorist	basic	affirmative	ϣⲁⲓⲧⲱⲡ šaitōp	ϣⲁⲕⲧⲱⲡ šaktōp	ϣⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲡ šaretōp	ϣⲁϥⲧⲱⲡ šaftōp	ϣⲁⲥⲧⲱⲡ šastōp	ϣⲁⲛⲧⲱⲡ šantōp	ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲡ šatetentōp	ϣⲁⲩⲧⲱⲡ šautōp	ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲡ šare- tōp
		negative	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲧⲱⲡ m̀paitōp	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕⲧⲱⲡ m̀paktōp	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲡ m̀paretōp	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲧⲱⲡ m̀paftōp	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲧⲱⲡ m̀pastōp	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲧⲱⲡ m̀pantōp	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲡ m̀paretentōp	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲧⲱⲡ m̀pautōp	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲡ m̀pare- tōp
	circumstantial	affirmative	ⲉϣⲁⲓⲧⲱⲡ ešaitōp	ⲉϣⲁⲕⲧⲱⲡ ešaktōp	ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲡ ešaretōp	ⲉϣⲁϥⲧⲱⲡ ešaftōp	ⲉϣⲁⲥⲧⲱⲡ ešastōp	ⲉϣⲁⲛⲧⲱⲡ ešantōp	ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲡ ešatetentōp	ⲉϣⲁⲩⲧⲱⲡ ešautōp	ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲡ ešare- tōp
		negative	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲧⲱⲡ em̀paitōp	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕⲧⲱⲡ em̀paktōp	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲡ em̀paretōp	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲧⲱⲡ em̀paftōp	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲧⲱⲡ em̀pastōp	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲧⲱⲡ em̀pantōp	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲡ em̀paretentōp	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲧⲱⲡ em̀pautōp	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲡ em̀pare- tōp
	relative	affirmative	ⲉⲧϣⲁⲓⲧⲱⲡ etšaitōp	ⲉⲧϣⲁⲕⲧⲱⲡ etšaktōp	ⲉⲧϣⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲡ etšaretōp	ⲉⲧϣⲁϥⲧⲱⲡ etšaftōp	ⲉⲧϣⲁⲥⲧⲱⲡ etšastōp	ⲉⲧϣⲁⲛⲧⲱⲡ etšantōp	ⲉⲧϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲡ etšatetentōp	ⲉⲧϣⲁⲩⲧⲱⲡ etšautōp	ⲉⲧϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲡ etšare- tōp
		negative	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲧⲱⲡ etm̀paitōp	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕⲧⲱⲡ etm̀paktōp	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲡ etm̀paretōp	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲧⲱⲡ etm̀paftōp	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲧⲱⲡ etm̀pastōp	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲧⲱⲡ etm̀pantōp	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲡ etm̀paretentōp	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲧⲱⲡ etm̀pautōp	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲡ etm̀pare- tōp
	preterite	affirmative	ⲛⲁϣⲁⲓⲧⲱⲡ našaitōp	ⲛⲁϣⲁⲕⲧⲱⲡ našaktōp	ⲛⲁϣⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲡ našaretōp	ⲛⲁϣⲁϥⲧⲱⲡ našaftōp	ⲛⲁϣⲁⲥⲧⲱⲡ našastōp	ⲛⲁϣⲁⲛⲧⲱⲡ našantōp	ⲛⲁϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲡ našatetentōp	ⲛⲁϣⲁⲩⲧⲱⲡ našautōp	ⲛⲁϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲡ našare- tōp
		negative	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲧⲱⲡ nam̀paitōp	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕⲧⲱⲡ nam̀paktōp	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲡ nam̀paretōp	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲧⲱⲡ nam̀paftōp	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲧⲱⲡ nam̀pastōp	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲧⲱⲡ nam̀pantōp	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲡ nam̀paretentōp	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲧⲱⲡ nam̀pautōp	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲡ nam̀pare- tōp
	focalising	affirmative	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲧⲱⲡ em̀paitōp	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕⲧⲱⲡ em̀paktōp	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲡ em̀paretōp	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲧⲱⲡ em̀paftōp	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲧⲱⲡ em̀pastōp	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲧⲱⲡ em̀pantōp	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲡ em̀paretentōp	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲧⲱⲡ em̀pautōp	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲡ em̀pare- tōp
optative	basic	affirmative	ⲉⲓⲉⲧⲱⲡ eietōp	ⲉⲕⲉⲧⲱⲡ eketōp	ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲱⲡ eretōp	ⲉϥⲉⲧⲱⲡ efetōp	ⲉⲥⲉⲧⲱⲡ esetōp	ⲉⲛⲉⲧⲱⲡ enetōp	ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲧⲱⲡ eretenetōp	ⲉⲩⲉⲧⲱⲡ euetōp	ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲡ ere- tōp
		negative	ⲛ̀ⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡ ǹnatōp	ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲕⲧⲱⲡ ǹnektōp	ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲧⲱⲡ ǹnetōp	ⲛ̀ⲛⲉϥⲧⲱⲡ ǹneftōp	ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲥⲧⲱⲡ ǹnestōp	ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲛⲧⲱⲡ ǹnentōp	ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲡ ǹnetentōp	ⲛ̀ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲱⲡ ǹnoutōp	ⲛ̀ⲛⲉ- ⲧⲱⲡ ǹne- tōp
jussive	basic	affirmative	ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲧⲱⲡ maritōp	(use imperative)		ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⲧⲱⲡ mareftōp	ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⲧⲱⲡ marestōp	ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲛⲧⲱⲡ marentōp	(use imperative)	ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⲧⲱⲡ maroutōp	ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲡ mare- tōp
		negative	ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲓⲧⲱⲡ m̀penthritōp			ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉϥⲧⲱⲡ m̀penthreftōp	ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲥⲧⲱⲡ m̀penthrestōp	ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲛⲧⲱⲡ m̀penthrentōp		ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲩⲧⲱⲡ m̀penthreutōp	ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲡ m̀penthre- tōp
subordinate clause
			ⲁⲛⲟⲕ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ	ⲁⲛⲟⲛ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ	-
conjunctive			ⲛ̀ⲧⲁⲧⲱⲡ ǹtatōp	ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲕⲧⲱⲡ ǹtektōp	ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲧⲱⲡ ǹtetōp	ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϥⲧⲱⲡ ǹteftōp	ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲥⲧⲱⲡ ǹtestōp	ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲡ ǹtentōp	ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲡ ǹtetentōp	ⲛ̀ⲥⲉⲧⲱⲡ, ⲛ̀ⲧⲟⲩⲧⲱⲡ ǹsetōp, ǹtoutōp	ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ- ⲧⲱⲡ ǹte- tōp
future conjunctive			ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲧⲱⲡ taritōp	ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⲧⲱⲡ tarektōp	ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲡ taretōp	ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲧⲱⲡ tareftōp	ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲧⲱⲡ tarestōp	ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲛⲧⲱⲡ tarentōp	ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲡ taretentōp	ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲧⲱⲡ taroutōp	ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲡ tare- tōp
limitative			ϣⲁϯⲧⲱⲡ šatitōp	ϣⲁⲧⲉⲕⲧⲱⲡ šatektōp	ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲱⲡ šatetōp	ϣⲁⲧⲉϥⲧⲱⲡ šateftōp	ϣⲁⲧⲉⲥⲧⲱⲡ šatestōp	ϣⲁⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲡ šatentōp	ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲡ šatetentōp	ϣⲁⲧⲟⲩⲧⲱⲡ šatoutōp	ϣⲁⲧⲉ- ⲧⲱⲡ šate- tōp
conditional	long		ⲁⲓϣⲁⲛⲧⲱⲡ aišantōp	ⲁⲕϣⲁⲛⲧⲱⲡ akšantōp	ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛⲧⲱⲡ arešantōp	ⲁϥϣⲁⲛⲧⲱⲡ afšantōp	ⲁⲥϣⲁⲛⲧⲱⲡ asšantōp	ⲁⲛϣⲁⲛⲧⲱⲡ anšantōp	ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲧⲱⲡ aretenšantōp	ⲁⲩϣⲁⲛⲧⲱⲡ aušantōp	ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛ- ⲧⲱⲡ arešan- tōp
	short		ⲁⲓⲧⲱⲡ aitōp	ⲁⲕⲧⲱⲡ aktōp	ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲡ aretōp	ⲁϥⲧⲱⲡ aftōp	ⲁⲥⲧⲱⲡ astōp	ⲁⲛⲧⲱⲡ antōp	ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲡ aretentōp	ⲁⲩⲧⲱⲡ autōp	ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲡ are- tōp
negated with			ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem-