Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/śapat-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Etymology

From Proto-Afroasiatic *śapat-.

Noun

*śapat-

1. lip

Inflection

Declension of *śapat-

Case	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*śapatum	*śapatāna	*śapātum
Genitive	*śapatim	*śapatayna	*śapātim
Accusative	*śapatam
possessive forms
1st person	*śapatī / *śapatVya	—	*śapatVni
2nd person m	*śapatVka	*śapatVkumā / *śapatVkumay	*śapatVkum(ū)
2nd person f	*śapatVki		*śapatVkin(ā)
3rd person m	*śapatVšu	*śapatVšumā / *śapatVšumay	*śapatVšum(ū)
3rd person f	*śapatVša		*śapatVšin(ā)
Note: the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible. Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *śapatuya for nom. case, *śapatiya for gen. case, *śapataya for acc. case, etc. Declension of 2sg m. possessive form (your/thy m.) *śapat- Singular Dual Plural Nominative *śapatuka *śapatāka *śapātuka Genitive *śapatika *śapatayka *śapātika Accusative *śapataka Declension of 2sg f. possessive form (your/thy f.) *śapat- Singular Dual Plural Nominative *śapatuki *śapatāki *śapātuki Genitive *śapatiki *śapatayki *śapātiki Accusative *śapataki

Descendants

• East Semitic:
  • Akkadian: 𒅻 (šaptu)
• Central Semitic:
  • Arabic: شَفَة (šafa)
    • Maltese: xoffa
  • Aramaic
    • Classical Syriac: ܣܦܬܐ (sefṯāʾ)
    • Western Neo-Aramaic: ܣܶܦܬ݂ܰܐ (sefṯaʾ)
  • Hebrew: שָׂפָה (śāfā)
  • Ugaritic: 𐎌𐎔𐎚 (špt)