Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/darnī: difference between revisions
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===Etymology=== |
===Etymology=== |
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Possibly from {{der|gmw-pro|ine-pro|*dʰer-|t=to support}}; also compare the first element of {{cog|de|Tarnkappe|t=cloak of invisibility}} and the second element of {{cog|nl|bedaren|t=to calm down}}.<ref>{{R:ine:IEW|252-255}}</ref><ref>{{R:American_Heritage_Dictionary|darn}}</ref><ref>{{R:Kluge_1891|Tarnkappe}}</ref> However, it could instead be related to {{m|gmw-pro|*derk|t=obscure, dark}}.<ref>{{R:Online_Etymology_Dictionary|dern}}</ref> |
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{{rfe|gmw-pro}} |
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===Adjective=== |
===Adjective=== |
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Revision as of 06:55, 18 December 2020
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This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-West Germanic
Etymology
Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- (“to support”); also compare the first element of German Tarnkappe (“cloak of invisibility”) and the second element of Dutch bedaren (“to calm down”).[1][2][3] However, it could instead be related to *derk (“obscure, dark”).[4]
Adjective
Inflection
| ja-stem | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Masculine | ||
| Nominative | *darnī | ||
| Genitive | *darnijas | ||
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *darnī | *darniju | *darnī |
| Accusative | *darnijanā | *darnijā | *darnī |
| Genitive | *darnijas | *darnijeʀā | *darnijas |
| Dative | *darnijumē | *darnijeʀē | *darnijumē |
| Instrumental | *darniju | *darnijeʀu | *darniju |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *darnijē | *darnijō | *darniju |
| Accusative | *darnijā | *darnijā | *darniju |
| Genitive | *darnijeʀō | *darnijeʀō | *darnijeʀō |
| Dative | *darnijēm, *darnijum | *darnijēm, *darnijum | *darnijēm, *darnijum |
| Instrumental | *darnijēm, *darnijum | *darnijēm, *darnijum | *darnijēm, *darnijum |
Derived terms
Descendants
- Old English: dierne, derne, dyrne
- Old Frisian: *dern
- ⇒ Old Frisian: dernfiā
- ⇒ Old Frisian: dernlendenge
- ⇒ Old Frisian: dernsōne
- Old Saxon: derni, derni
- Old High German: tarni
- → Old French: *terne[7]
References
- ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “252-255”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 252-255
- ^ “darn”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 5th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2016, →ISBN.
- ^ Friedrich Kluge (1883) “Tarnkappe”, in John Francis Davis, transl., Etymological Dictionary of the German Language, published 1891
- ^ Douglas Harper (2001–2024) “dern”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.
- ^ Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 242: “PWGmc *darnī”
- ^ Friedrich Kluge (1989) “tarnen”, in Elmar Seebold, editor, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the German Language] (in German), 22nd edition, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 721: “wg. *darnja-”
- ^ Brachet, A. (1873) “TERNE”, in Kitchin, G. W., transl., Etymological dictionary of the French language (Clarendon Press Series), 1st edition, London: Oxford/MacMillan and Co., page 382b