Wiktionary:About Proto-Permic: difference between revisions
Wizardito-OL (talk | contribs) mNo edit summary |
Either source this or stop making stuff up Tag: Reverted |
||
Line 44: | Line 44: | ||
|- align="center" |
|- align="center" |
||
! Close |
! Close |
||
| i || |
| i || || || u̇ || || u |
||
|- align="center" |
|- align="center" |
||
|- align="center" |
|- align="center" |
Revision as of 07:11, 8 August 2023
Proto-Permic is the reconstructed ancestor of the Permic languages (Komi languages and Udmurt).
Transcription
For the sake of consistency, the following transcription is chosen for Wiktionary:
labial | labiodental | dental | alveolar | palatal | palatovelar | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stop | voiceless | p | t | ť | k | ||
voiced | b | d | ď | g | |||
Fricative | voiceless | s | š | ś | |||
voiced | w | v | z | ž | ź | j | |
Affricate | voiceless | č | ć | ||||
voiced | ǯ | ʒ́ | |||||
Nasal | m | n | ń | ŋ | |||
Lateral | l | ľ | |||||
Trill | r |
Front | Central | Back | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
unrounded | rounded | unrounded | rounded | unrounded | rounded | |
Close | i | u̇ | u | |||
Close-Mid | e | ö | ȯ | o | ||
Mid | ||||||
Open-Mid | ɛ | ɔ̈ | ɔ̇ | ɔ | ||
Open | ä | a | å |
The vowel ⟨y⟩ may be used to denote the unrounded central vowel in the reconstructions by Csúcs (2005). The vowels ⟨ᴕ⟩ and ⟨ᴕ̈⟩ are used for uncertain back and front vowels respectively.
Vowel correspondences in Permic languages (word-initial syllable) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Proto-Permic | Old Komi | Komi-Zyrian | Komi-Permyak | Komi-Yazva | Udmurt | notes |
*a | 𐍐 | а | а | a | а | |
*å | 𐍐 | а | а | a | у | PP *a in Lytkin (1964) |
*ä | 𐍩 | ӧ | ӧ | ө | е | |
*ɔ | 𐍩 | о | о | о | у / а | |
*o | 𐍞 | о | о | у | у / ва / а | |
*ɛ | 𐍔 | е | е | е | о / е | |
*e | 𐍱 | е | е | и | о / е | |
*ɔ̇ | 𐍩 | ӧ | ӧ | ӧ | о / а | |
*ȯ | 𐍩 / 𐍞 | ӧ / о | ӧ / о | ӱ | ӧ / ы / у | |
*ɔ̈ | 𐍩 / 𐍣 | ӧ / у | ӧ / у | ӧ / у | ӧ / а / у / е | |
*ö | 𐍞 | о | о | у | у / е | |
*u̇ | 𐍨 | ы | ы | ө | ы / у | |
*i | 𐍙 | и | и | и | и | |
*u | 𐍣 | у | у | у | у / ы | |
*ü | 𐍣 | у | у | у | у / ы | different realisations in dialectal Udmurt |
Vowel correspondences in Permic languages (non-initial syllable) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Proto-Permic | Old Komi | Komi-Zyrian | Komi-Permyak | Komi-Yazva | Udmurt | notes |
*a | 𐍐 | а | а | a | а | |
*ä | 𐍩 | ӧ | ӧ | ө | е | |
*i | 𐍙 / 𐍨 | и / ы | и / ы | и / ө | и / ы | different realisations in dialectal Udmurt |
Descendants
All Proto-Permic reconstructions should either feature at least one Komi and one Udmurt descendant or any one Permic descendant, provided that a Proto-Uralic ancestor is reconstructed. The current standard for listing descendants is as such:
* Komi: ** {{desc|koi|}} ** {{desc|urj-kya|}} ** {{desc|kpv|}} *** Komi-Izhma: {{l|kpv|}} *** Komi-Pechora: {{l|kpv|}} ** {{desc|urj-koo|}} * {{desc|udm|}} ** Beserman: {{l|udm|}}
Sources
The main sources for Proto-Permic reconstructions are works by V. I. Lytkin, including {{R:kpv:KESK}}
.
Another main work is {{R:urj:Csucs:2005}}
, which however should mainly be used for alternative reconstructions. Alternative reconstructions from this work may be given under the header ===Alternative forms===
and given an {{alternative form of}}
template.
References
- V. I. Lytkin (1957) Историческая грамматика коми языка, Syktyvkar: Коми книжное издательство
- V. I. Lytkin (1964) Истоический вокализм пермсих языков, Moscow: Наука
- Lytkin, V. I., Gulyaev, E. S., editors (1970), “About Proto-Permic”, in Краткий этимологический словарь коми языка [Brief Etymological Dictionary of the Komi Language][1] (in Russian), Moscow: Nauka
- Sándor Csúcs (2005) Die Rekonstruktion der Permischen Grundsprache (Bibliotheca Uralica; 13) (in German), Akadémiai Kiadó, →ISBN
- Aikio, Ante (2020) “Studies in Uralic Etymology V: Permic Etymologies”, in Linguistica Uralica[2], volume 57, number 3, Estonian Academy Publishers, →ISSN, pages 161–179