Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/gáwbati

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

The origin is uncertain. ESIJa proposes derivation from Proto-Indo-European *gewH- (“to call, cry”) with a -b⁽ʰ⁾- enlargement. For this root see Pokorny, without the Iranian.

Verb

*gáwbati

1. to say (positively/negatively)

Descendants

• Northeastern Iranian:
  • Khotanese: [script needed] (gguph-, “to dispraise, abuse”)
  • Sogdo-Bactrian:
    • Bactrian: γοβ- (gob-, “to make a (legal) statement, invoke (the law)”)
    • Khwarezmian: 𐾳𐾷𐾲(𐾺)- (ɣwβ(y)-, “to praise oneself, boast, be proud”)
    • Sogdian: [script needed] (ɣwβ-), [script needed] (ɣwb-, “to praise, glorify”)
• Northwestern Iranian:
  • Caspian:
    • Shahmirzadi: [script needed] (-gøt-, gún-, “to speak”)
  • Kurdish:

    Central Kurdish: گوتن (gutin), کوتن (kutin, “to speak”)

    Northern Kurdish: gotin, guhtin (“to speak”)

  • >? Parthian: 𐫃𐫇𐫘𐫀𐫗 (gwsʾn /⁠gōsān⁠/)
• Southwestern Iranian:
  • Old Persian: [script needed] (g-u-b-t-i-y /⁠gaubataiy⁠/, “to call oneself”)
    • Middle Persian:

      Manichaean script: 𐫃𐫇𐫏𐫅 (gwyd, 3sg.pres), 𐫃𐫇𐫛𐫤𐫗 (gwptn, inf.)

      Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (YMLLWN-tn'), [Book Pahlavi needed] (gwptn' /⁠guftan⁠/, inf.)

      • Classical Persian:
        • Iranian Persian: گفتن (guftan)
        • Tajik: гуфтан (guftan)
      • → Old Armenian: գովեմ (govem, “to praise”)