φαλός

See also: φάλος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *pʰalós, traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *bʰel-, with cognates including Sanskrit भाल (bhāla, “splendour”), Old Armenian բալ (bal, “fog”) and Old English bǣl (English bale).

It was further supposed that βαλιός (baliós, “spotted, dappled”) was related as a word from the Balkans. However, according to Beekes, the word is of origin, in view of all the variations seen in the derived terms.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /pʰa.lós/ → /ɸaˈlos/ → /faˈlos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /pʰa.lós/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /pʰaˈlos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ɸaˈlos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /faˈlos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /faˈlos/

Adjective

φᾰλός • (phalós) m (feminine φᾰλή, neuter φᾰλόν); first/second declension

1. (hapax) white

Inflection

First and second declension of φᾰλός; φᾰλή; φᾰλόν (Attic)

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		φᾰλός phalós	φᾰλή phalḗ	φᾰλόν phalón		φᾰλώ phalṓ	φᾰλᾱ́ phalā́	φᾰλώ phalṓ		φᾰλοί phaloí	φᾰλαί phalaí	φᾰλᾰ́ phalá
Genitive		φᾰλοῦ phaloû	φᾰλῆς phalês	φᾰλοῦ phaloû		φᾰλοῖν phaloîn	φᾰλαῖν phalaîn	φᾰλοῖν phaloîn		φᾰλῶν phalôn	φᾰλῶν phalôn	φᾰλῶν phalôn
Dative		φᾰλῷ phalôi	φᾰλῇ phalêi	φᾰλῷ phalôi		φᾰλοῖν phaloîn	φᾰλαῖν phalaîn	φᾰλοῖν phaloîn		φᾰλοῖς phaloîs	φᾰλαῖς phalaîs	φᾰλοῖς phaloîs
Accusative		φᾰλόν phalón	φᾰλήν phalḗn	φᾰλόν phalón		φᾰλώ phalṓ	φᾰλᾱ́ phalā́	φᾰλώ phalṓ		φᾰλούς phaloús	φᾰλᾱ́ς phalā́s	φᾰλᾰ́ phalá
Vocative		φᾰλέ phalé	φᾰλή phalḗ	φᾰλόν phalón		φᾰλώ phalṓ	φᾰλᾱ́ phalā́	φᾰλώ phalṓ		φᾰλοί phaloí	φᾰλαί phalaí	φᾰλᾰ́ phalá
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		φᾰλῶς phalôs				φᾰλώτερος phalṓteros				φᾰλώτᾰτος phalṓtatos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• φᾰλᾰκρός (phalakrós)
• φᾰ́λᾱρος (phálāros)
• φᾰλῐός (phaliós)

 

Further reading

• “φαλός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “φαλός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• φαλός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “φαλός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1551