Appendix:Ancient Greek first declension

Greek nouns of the first declension are feminine or masculine. In the Attic and Koine dialects, the lemma form of feminine nouns ends in -η, -ᾰ, -ᾱ (-ē, -ă, -ā), and that of masculine nouns in -ης, -ᾱς (-ēs, -ās).

An overview of first-declension endings in Attic and Koine. The cases are placed in the order NVAGD rather than NGDAV so that syncretism can be shown. The dual and plural forms are identical in all first-declension nouns; the variation happens in the singular.

case	singular						dual	plural
	feminine				masculine
	eta	alpha			eta	alpha
nominative	-η	-ᾰ		-ᾱ	-ης	-ᾱς	-ᾱ	-αι
vocative	-η	-ᾰ		-ᾱ	-η*	-ᾱ		-αι
accusative	-ην	-ᾰν		-ᾱν	-ην	-ᾱν		-ᾱς
genitive	-ης		-ᾱς		-ου		-αιν	-ῶν
dative	-ῃ		-ᾳ		-ῃ	-ᾳ	-αιν	-αις
But -ᾰ for (1) nouns ending in the suffix -της* (-tēs); (2) nationalities e.g. Πέρσης (Pérsēs); (3) compounds e.g. γεωμέτρης (geōmétrēs), παιδοτρίβης (paidotríbēs).

Examples

Note: These examples are forms from the Attic dialect.

Feminine nouns

Citation form: τῑμή f (tīmḗ)
Citation form: χώρᾱ f (khṓrā)
Citation form: μᾶζᾰ f (mâză)
Citation form: ἀλήθειᾰ f (alḗtheiă)

		number
		singular	dual	plural
case	nominative	τῑμή (tīmḗ) χώρᾱ (khṓrā) μᾶζᾰ (mâză) ἀλήθειᾰ (alḗtheiă)	τῑμᾱ́ (tīmā́) χώρᾱ (khṓrā) μᾱ́ζᾱ (mā́zā) ἀληθείᾱ (alētheíā)	τῑμαί (tīmaí) χῶραι (khôrai) μᾶζαι (mâzai) ἀλήθειαι (alḗtheiai)
	vocative	τῑμή (tīmḗ) χώρᾱ (khṓrā) μᾶζᾰ (mâză) ἀλήθειᾰ (alḗtheiă)
	accusative	τῑμήν (tīmḗn) χώρᾱν (khṓrān) μᾶζᾰν (mâzăn) ἀλήθειᾰν (alḗtheiăn)		τῑμᾱ́ς (tīmā́s) χώρᾱς (khṓrās) μᾱ́ζᾱς (mā́zās) ἀληθείᾱς (alētheíās)
	genitive	τῑμῆς (tīmês) χώρᾱς (khṓrās) μᾱ́ζης (mā́zēs) ἀληθείᾱς (alētheíās)	τῑμαῖν (tīmaîn) χώραιν (khṓrain) μᾱ́ζαιν (mā́zain) ἀληθείαιν (alētheíain)	τῑμῶν (tīmôn) χωρῶν (khōrôn) μᾱζῶν (māzôn) ἀληθειῶν (alētheiôn)
	dative	τῑμῇ (tīmēî) χώρᾳ (khṓrāi) μᾱ́ζῃ (mā́zēi) ἀληθείᾳ (alētheíāi)		τῑμαῖς (tīmaîs) χώραις (khṓrais) μᾱ́ζαις (mā́zais) ἀληθείαις (alētheíais)

First declension of ἡ τῑμή; τῆς τῑμῆς (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ τῑμή hē tīmḗ	τὼ τῑμᾱ́ tṑ tīmā́	αἱ τῑμαί hai tīmaí
Genitive	τῆς τῑμῆς tês tīmês	τοῖν τῑμαῖν toîn tīmaîn	τῶν τῑμῶν tôn tīmôn
Dative	τῇ τῑμῇ tēî tīmēî	τοῖν τῑμαῖν toîn tīmaîn	ταῖς τῑμαῖς taîs tīmaîs
Accusative	τὴν τῑμήν tḕn tīmḗn	τὼ τῑμᾱ́ tṑ tīmā́	τᾱ̀ς τῑμᾱ́ς tā̀s tīmā́s
Vocative	τῑμή tīmḗ	τῑμᾱ́ tīmā́	τῑμαί tīmaí
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

First declension of ἡ χώρᾱ; τῆς χώρᾱς (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ χώρᾱ hē khṓrā	τὼ χώρᾱ tṑ khṓrā	αἱ χῶραι hai khôrai
Genitive	τῆς χώρᾱς tês khṓrās	τοῖν χώραιν toîn khṓrain	τῶν χωρῶν tôn khōrôn
Dative	τῇ χώρᾳ tēî khṓrāi	τοῖν χώραιν toîn khṓrain	ταῖς χώραις taîs khṓrais
Accusative	τὴν χώρᾱν tḕn khṓrān	τὼ χώρᾱ tṑ khṓrā	τᾱ̀ς χώρᾱς tā̀s khṓrās
Vocative	χώρᾱ khṓrā	χώρᾱ khṓrā	χῶραι khôrai
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

First declension of ἡ μᾶζᾰ; τῆς μᾱ́ζης (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ μᾶζᾰ hē mâză	τὼ μᾱ́ζᾱ tṑ mā́zā	αἱ μᾶζαι hai mâzai
Genitive	τῆς μᾱ́ζης tês mā́zēs	τοῖν μᾱ́ζαιν toîn mā́zain	τῶν μᾱζῶν tôn māzôn
Dative	τῇ μᾱ́ζῃ tēî mā́zēi	τοῖν μᾱ́ζαιν toîn mā́zain	ταῖς μᾱ́ζαις taîs mā́zais
Accusative	τὴν μᾶζᾰν tḕn mâzăn	τὼ μᾱ́ζᾱ tṑ mā́zā	τᾱ̀ς μᾱ́ζᾱς tā̀s mā́zās
Vocative	μᾶζᾰ mâză	μᾱ́ζᾱ mā́zā	μᾶζαι mâzai
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

First declension of ἡ ἀλήθειᾰ; τῆς ἀληθείᾱς (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ ἀλήθειᾰ hē alḗtheiă	τὼ ἀληθείᾱ tṑ alētheíā	αἱ ἀλήθειαι hai alḗtheiai
Genitive	τῆς ἀληθείᾱς tês alētheíās	τοῖν ἀληθείαιν toîn alētheíain	τῶν ἀληθειῶν tôn alētheiôn
Dative	τῇ ἀληθείᾳ tēî alētheíāi	τοῖν ἀληθείαιν toîn alētheíain	ταῖς ἀληθείαις taîs alētheíais
Accusative	τὴν ἀλήθειᾰν tḕn alḗtheiăn	τὼ ἀληθείᾱ tṑ alētheíā	τᾱ̀ς ἀληθείᾱς tā̀s alētheíās
Vocative	ἀλήθειᾰ alḗtheiă	ἀληθείᾱ alētheíā	ἀλήθειαι alḗtheiai
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Masculine nouns

Citation form: κρῐτής m (krĭtḗs)
Citation form: νεᾱνῐ́ᾱς m (neānĭ́ās)
Citation form: Πέρσης m (Pérsēs)

First declension of ὁ κρῐτής; τοῦ κρῐτοῦ (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ κρῐτής ho krĭtḗs	τὼ κρῐτᾱ́ tṑ krĭtā́	οἱ κρῐταί hoi krĭtaí
Genitive	τοῦ κρῐτοῦ toû krĭtoû	τοῖν κρῐταῖν toîn krĭtaîn	τῶν κρῐτῶν tôn krĭtôn
Dative	τῷ κρῐτῇ tōî krĭtēî	τοῖν κρῐταῖν toîn krĭtaîn	τοῖς κρῐταῖς toîs krĭtaîs
Accusative	τὸν κρῐτήν tòn krĭtḗn	τὼ κρῐτᾱ́ tṑ krĭtā́	τοὺς κρῐτᾱ́ς toùs krĭtā́s
Vocative	κρῐτᾰ́ krĭtắ	κρῐτᾱ́ krĭtā́	κρῐταί krĭtaí
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

First declension of ὁ νεᾱνῐ́ᾱς; τοῦ νεᾱνῐ́ου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ νεᾱνῐ́ᾱς ho neānĭ́ās	τὼ νεᾱνῐ́ᾱ tṑ neānĭ́ā	οἱ νεᾱνῐ́αι hoi neānĭ́ai
Genitive	τοῦ νεᾱνῐ́ου toû neānĭ́ou	τοῖν νεᾱνῐ́αιν toîn neānĭ́ain	τῶν νεᾱνῐῶν tôn neānĭôn
Dative	τῷ νεᾱνῐ́ᾳ tōî neānĭ́āi	τοῖν νεᾱνῐ́αιν toîn neānĭ́ain	τοῖς νεᾱνῐ́αις toîs neānĭ́ais
Accusative	τὸν νεᾱνῐ́ᾱν tòn neānĭ́ān	τὼ νεᾱνῐ́ᾱ tṑ neānĭ́ā	τοὺς νεᾱνῐ́ᾱς toùs neānĭ́ās
Vocative	νεᾱνῐ́ᾱ neānĭ́ā	νεᾱνῐ́ᾱ neānĭ́ā	νεᾱνῐ́αι neānĭ́ai
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

First declension of ὁ Πέρσης; τοῦ Πέρσου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ Πέρσης ho Pérsēs	τὼ Πέρσᾱ tṑ Pérsā	οἱ Πέρσαι hoi Pérsai
Genitive	τοῦ Πέρσου toû Pérsou	τοῖν Πέρσαιν toîn Pérsain	τῶν Περσῶν tôn Persôn
Dative	τῷ Πέρσῃ tōî Pérsēi	τοῖν Πέρσαιν toîn Pérsain	τοῖς Πέρσαις toîs Pérsais
Accusative	τὸν Πέρσην tòn Pérsēn	τὼ Πέρσᾱ tṑ Pérsā	τοὺς Πέρσᾱς toùs Pérsās
Vocative	Πέρσᾰ Pérsă	Πέρσᾱ Pérsā	Πέρσαι Pérsai
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.