Citations:putative

English citations of putative

1. Assumed or believed

• 1879 November 9, Maurice Mauris, “A Materialistic Artist”, in New York Times, page 10:

  [T]he lady . . . insisted upon going herself, requesting me to mind for a second the baby. . . . lo! the baby awoke and stared at me with a pair of big frightened eyes, which the little thing in another moment rolled in all directions, as if in search of its putative mother.

1.1. Of widespread popular belief

• 1991 May 24, Clement Dore, Moral Scepticism, Springer, →ISBN, page 85:

  If they are in fact sound, then, of course, desire-utilitarianism need not account for the putative wrongness of infanticide.

• 2007 08, Garry Wills, Henry Adams and the Making of America, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, →ISBN, page 316:

  As the putative hero of Tippecanoe, he was boosted as the local leader to retake Detroit after its loss.

• 2011 June 22, Brian Mckillop, Pierre Berton: A Biography, McClelland & Stewart, →ISBN, page 405:

  Other guests during the month included the American syndicated columnist Art Buchwald; the putative "greatest con man of the century," eighty-nine-year-old Joseph Weil; and the controversial psychologist Dr. Joyce Brothers

1.2. Untrue or not real, but imagined for the sake of argument; hypothetical

• 1986, Tom L. Beauchamp, Matters of Life and Death: New Introductory Essays in Moral Philosophy:

  Suppose a putative "aggressor," A, is concerned to acquire certain areas of land or certain natural resources that you claim to own.

• 2007, D. Alan Rudlin, Toxic Tort Litigation, American Bar Association, →ISBN, page 190:

  As one example, consider a putative class action on behalf of all people nationwide who owned a certain model of automobile tires, alleging product liability, breach of warranty, and other claims.

• 2021 May 29, Alan Montefiore, Philosophy and Personal Relations: An Anglo-French Study, Routledge, →ISBN, page 120:

  A similar dilemma arises if we imagine a putative lover having to choose between his putative beloved and adherence to his ethical or political principles.

1.3. Accepted on the basis of supposition without evidence.

• 1831, The Quarterly Christian Spectator, page 504:

  In answer to the objection, that if a thing is only putative, it is fictitious

• 1985, Thomas J. Scorza, Dan K. Webb, Scott F. Turow, In the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Court No. 84-1141: United States of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, vs. James Lendmann, Defendant-Appellant. Brief and Appendix for the United States, page 11:

  The government submits there is no inconsistency between the jury's putative conclusion that Lendmann did not intend to distribute the charged 3.59 grams of methamphetamine and its clear conclusions that Lendmann knowingly manufactured the same and knowingly attempted to make a kilogram more.

• 1993, United States. Congress. House. Committee on Armed Services, Policy Implications of Lifting the Ban on Homosexuals in the Military: Hearings Before the Committee on Armed Services, House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, First Session, Hearings Held May 4 and 5, 1993, page 285:

  You have the putative assumption, because everybody is interrogated, that everybody who has entered is heterosexual.

• 2016 May 23, Max Deutscher, In Sensible Judgement, Routledge, →ISBN, page 99:

  We mistakenly identify the reasoning that we employ in order to show that a putative judgement is grounded, with what makes for the difference between its being a judgement rather than guesswork.

2. Of uncertain or unclear truth

2.1. Alleged or purported

• 1989, William E. Colby and Jeremy J. Stone, "US must support Thailand if Cambodia is to survive," Milwaukee Sentinel (Los Angeles Times Service), 28 Oct. (retrieved 15 Sep. 2009):

  Just as Prince Sihanouk is fronting for the Khmer Rouge today . . . so also was he their putative leader from 1970 to 1975.

• 2006 August 18, Unmesh Kher, “No Neat Endings for the JonBenet Case”, in Time:

  Karr's past does raise suspicions. When he was arrested in Bangkok, he was living in a dormitory-like guesthouse in a neighborhood frequented by sex tourists. . . . Of course, Karr's putative pedophilia would not make him guilty of murder.

• 2016 March 22, William Zimmerman, Ruling Russia: Authoritarianism from the Revolution to Putin, Princeton University Press, →ISBN, page 202:

  But it was a founding election, adopting a minimalist definition of the prerequisites for such an election is that the relevant actors accept its results as defining the rules of the game and that the inevitable errors and putative fraud do not substantially distort the overall results.

2.2. Apparent, but not actual

• 1995, Henry E. Allison, “Spontaneity and Autonomy in Kant's Conception of the Self”, in Karl Ameriks and Dieter Sturma, editors, The Modern Subject: Conceptions of the Self in Classical German Philosophy, page 24:

  This independence is still presupposed as a condition of agency; but this presupposition leaves in place the epistemic possibility that our putative freedom is illusory, that we are automata rather than agents.

• 2009 January 1, Brian F. Havel, Beyond Open Skies: A New Regime for International Aviation, Kluwer Law International B.V., →ISBN, page 152:

  putative CEO Frederick Reid was beholden in his position to the U.K.-based Virgin Group and VAI had the power to appoint six of the nine Virgin America board members

• 2012 September 25, Ralph Brubaker, Robert M. Lawless, Charles J. Tabb, A Debtor World: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Debt, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 44:

  There is an even deeper issue, however, which is still more rarely realized in sociological research: For many Americans their putative wealth in fact conceals indebtedness.

• 2016 August 11, Mary Karr, “The Crotchgrabber”, in The New Yorker‎^[1]:

  I’ve been subject to several gropings and gross jibes of the type you’d expect behind a junior-high gym dance, and they’ve been delivered by grownups, putative pals, not one of whom I even dimly considered getting jiggy with.

• 2017 January 10, Jonathan Buchsbaum, Exception Taken: How France Has Defied Hollywood's New World Order, Columbia University Press, →ISBN, page 107:

  But Dejouany, like many others, was seduced by the charm and putative brilliance of this man of vision and handed over the reins to Messier in 1996.

2.3. Theoretical

• 2001, Xuan Thuan Trinh, Chaos and Harmony: Perspectives on Scientific Revolutions of the Twentieth Century:

  Chaos may even have influenced the fate of a putative tenth planet in the solar system. The additional mass might have been enough to upset the precarious equilibrium of the system, causing the extra planet to be ejected.

• 2019 January 3, M. W. Guidry, Mike Guidry, Modern General Relativity: Black Holes, Gravitational Waves, and Cosmology, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 521:

  To give one example, general relativity predicts that gravitational waves travel at the speed of light, implying that the putative graviton mediating the gravitational force is massless.

• 2023 December 22, Anja Geitmann, Plant Cell Walls: Research Milestones and Conceptual Insights, CRC Press, →ISBN:

  The capacity of monoclonal antibodies such as 2F4 to identify the egg-box structure is only putative as Liners et al. (1989) mention in the abstract: “The epitope recognised is probably part of the dimers of pectin chains associated according to the 'egg-box' model,” and there is no definitive evidence of a strong specificity to such structures in muro.

2.4. Invalid but entered into in good faith by at least one party

• 1961, Supreme Court Reporter:

  ... the jury could find, on proper and sufficient evidence, that petitioner procured the putative employment relationship by fraud

• 2013 January 3, Gareth Spark, Vitiation of Contracts: International Contractual Principles and English Law, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 37:

  Whether this is because the complainant mistakenly believed that his act would not be of contractual effect or because the mistake rendered the putative contract different from the contract the complainant intended to make, it necessarily establishes an absence of consent.

• 2015, Sanford N. Katz, Family Law in America, Oxford University Press, USA, →ISBN, page 22:

  The putative wife may seek an annulment and even be awarded alimony. Marriage by estoppel is designed to prevent a spouse from denying the validity of a marriage after he has accepted its benefits.

• 2019 September 13, Robert E. Oliphant, Nancy Ver Steegh, Work of the Family Lawyer, Aspen Publishing, →ISBN:

  the court affirmed a trial court finding that where a marriage in another country was solemnized in proper form, specifically a traditional Hmong marriage ceremony, and was celebrated in good faith by at least one of the parties, the parties' relationship qualified as a putative marriage. The court said that the marriage was entitled to recognition under Wisconsin law, even though the putative husband denied that the ceremony was a marriage ceremony.

3. Currently untrue or non-existent, but likely to be realized; potential.

• 2015 June 19, Kirsty Horsey, Revisiting the Regulation of Human Fertilisation and Embryology, Routledge, →ISBN, page 1994:

  ... amendments to the 1990 Act including the regulation of research on human admixed embryos and removal of the need to consider a putative child's 'need for a father' when undertaking a welfare assessment.

3.1. Proposed

• 2004, Katherine Joslin, Jane Addams: A Writer's Life, University of Illinois Press, →ISBN, page 74:

  She requested that no announcement be made of the promised book until she had more of it down on paper. Having put some distance between herself and her putative book, she relaxed by continuing to lecture and to work on other projects.

• 2008 November 27, Egon Börger, Antonio Cisternino, Advances in Software Engineering: Lipari Summer School 2007, Lipari Island, Italy, July 8-21, 2007, Revised Tutorial Lectures, Springer, →ISBN, page 13:

  One of the criteria of design selection is therefore availability of applicable analysis techniques specifically adapted to the putative design. When Robert Stephenson was considering possible designs for a railway bridge over the Menai, he considered, but eventually rejected, a suspension bridge.

• 2009 October 1, Christian Wolmar, Fire and Steam: A New History of the Railways in Britain, Atlantic Books Ltd, →ISBN:

  He was sacked from the Liverpool & Manchester and his place as surveyor was taken by Charles Vignoles, a slender Irishman who had recently carried out an excellent survey of the route between London and Brighton for another putative railway.

• 2011 November 3, P. W. Preston, England after the Great Recession: Tracking the Political and Cultural Consequences of the Crisis, Springer, →ISBN, page 70:

  The text was then promptly rejected in France and a little later in the Netherlands and as these were both core founding members the putative constitution was politically finished.

• 2018, Samuel J Fell, Giselle Au-Nhien Nguyen and John Shand, "Music reviews: John Coltrane, Bob Dylan and Catherine Britt", Sydney Morning Herald, July 20, 2018 [2]

  From the duration of the material (47 minutes) it seems the clear intent was to record an album, rather than just lay down a few tracks. [...] Because the putative album was not released Coltrane never named the originals, which are delineated by Impulse's numbering system.

• 2018 07, Richard Tomlinson, Marcus Spiller, Australia's Metropolitan Imperative: An Agenda for Governance Reform, CSIRO PUBLISHING, →ISBN, page 104:

  Without a metro mayor, negotiation about a devolution deal may have collapsed amid the kind of acrimony evident in other putative city-regions in respect of the perceived imposition of an unwanted elected figurehead (Cox 2016).

3.2. Presumptive

• 1981, Michael Rush, Parliamentary Government in Britain, New York : Holmes & Meier Publishers:

  Paralleling this extension of government control was the development of a formally constituted opposition […] In some cases a former Prime Minister was clearly acknowledged as leader and putative Prime Minister, in others a generally-accepted leader emerged.

• 2000 December 1, Aidan Dodson, Monarchs of the Nile, I.B.Tauris, →ISBN:

  There is no evidence whatsoever for the old idea that the right to the throne was carried by the female line, meaning that a putative king had to marry the daughter of his predecessor, even if she were his full-blooded sister.

• 2008 April 27, Anthony Livingston Hall, The Ipinions Journal: Commentaries on World Events, iUniverse, →ISBN, page 332:

  For the record, when I endorsed his candidacy over a year ago, Obama was within five points of the putative winner, Hillary Rodham Clinton, in national polls.

• 2015 April 30, Nereo Peñalver García, Julian Priestley, The Making of a European President, Springer, →ISBN:

  Cameron lost any illusions about being able to halt the Juncker bandwagon, and thenceforth was playing to the domestic audience, while seeking to limit the damage to relations with other member states and to the putative President.

• 2023, Dan Hodges, "Can Labour's Shadow Chancellor Rachel Reeves serve up the right dish for business after years on the scrambled egg circuit?", Mail on Sunday, 7 October 2023 [3]

  The process of selecting which businesses should be allowed to kiss the ring of putative Prime Minister Sir Keir Starmer, and presumptive Chancellor Reeves, has not been left to chance.