Etruscus
Latin
Etymology
From or related to Etruria, from Tuscus, earlier *Truscus *Turscos, shortened form of Etruscus. Probably related to Umbrian Turskum,[1] and Ancient Greek Τυρρηνός (Turrhēnós), Τυρσηνός (Tursēnós), from τύρρις (túrrhis, “tower”), τύρσις (túrsis),[1] itself of pre-Indo-European origin. (Compare the Etruscan autonym 𐌓𐌀𐌔𐌍𐌀 (rasna), whence Rasennae.)
Helmut Rix, based on the distinction made by Dionysius of Halicarnassus, assumed that Latin Tusci, Umbrian Turskum (nomen), Greek Tyrs-enoi, derived from the original Etruscan name, while Rasna, like populus, originally designated the part of the population of Etruria which had political responsibility.[2]
Vladimir Georgiev[3] suggested that the word had the same root as Τρῶες (Trôes, “Trojans”) and Troy, but it's not accepted and Philip Baldi argues that "though superficially attractive, these claims do not stand up to linguistic scrutiny, with the unexplained E [...] and the spurious metathesis of r and the following vowel in Gk. Τυρσηνοί just two of the problems."[4]
Other scholars have proposed that the term might be Celtic.[5]
Pronunciation
- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /eˈtruːs.kus/, [ɛˈt̪ruːs̠kʊs̠]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /eˈtrus.kus/, [eˈt̪ruskus]
Adjective
Etrūscus (feminine Etrūsca, neuter Etrūscum); first/second-declension adjective
Declension
First/second-declension adjective.
| Number | Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case / Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
| Nominative | Etrūscus | Etrūsca | Etrūscum | Etrūscī | Etrūscae | Etrūsca | |
| Genitive | Etrūscī | Etrūscae | Etrūscī | Etrūscōrum | Etrūscārum | Etrūscōrum | |
| Dative | Etrūscō | Etrūscō | Etrūscīs | ||||
| Accusative | Etrūscum | Etrūscam | Etrūscum | Etrūscōs | Etrūscās | Etrūsca | |
| Ablative | Etrūscō | Etrūscā | Etrūscō | Etrūscīs | |||
| Vocative | Etrūsce | Etrūsca | Etrūscum | Etrūscī | Etrūscae | Etrūsca | |
Noun
Etrūscus m (genitive Etrūscī, feminine Etrusca); second declension
- (usually in the plural) one of the people of Etruria, an Etruscan
Declension
First/second-declension adjective.
| Number | Singular | Plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case / Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Masculine | Feminine | |
| Nominative | Etrūscus | Etrūsca | Etrūscī | Etrūscae | |
| Genitive | Etrūscī | Etrūscae | Etrūscōrum | Etrūscārum | |
| Dative | Etrūscō | Etrūscīs | Etrūscīs | ||
| Accusative | Etrūscum | Etrūscam | Etrūscōs | Etrūscās | |
| Ablative | Etrūscō | Etrūscā | Etrūscīs | Etrūscīs | |
| Vocative | Etrūsce | Etrūsca | Etrūscī | Etrūscae | |
Related terms
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Giuliano Bonfante, Larissa Bonfante, The Etruscan Language: An Introduction, Revised Editon (2002, →ISBN), page 51: In other languages, the Etruscans' name comes from a stem turs- (Latin Tuscus, from *Turs-cos, archaic Umbrian turskum (numen), later Umbrian tuscom (nome), Latin Etruria from *E-trus-ia (?), Greek Tyrs-enoi (from Greek tyrsis, Latin turris, 'tower')).
- ^ Lua error in Module:quote at line 2964: Parameter "quote" is not used by this template.
- ^ In Introduction to the history of the Indo-European languages (1981). His suggestion is repeated by Nicholas Ostler in Ad Infinitum: A Biography of Latin.
- ^ Baldi, The Foundations of Latin (1998)
- ^ John Fraser, The Etruscans: Were They Celts? (1879).