Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/handugaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *handuz +‎ *-gaz.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈxɑn.du.ɣɑz/

Adjective

*handugaz

1. handy; skillful with the hands; dextrous

Inflection

Declension of *handugaz (a-stem)

Strong declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*handugaz	*handugai	*handugō	*handugôz	*handugą, -atō	*handugō
Accusative	*handuganǭ	*handuganz	*handugǭ	*handugōz	*handugą, -atō	*handugō
Genitive	*handugas, -is	*handugaizǫ̂	*handugaizōz	*handugaizǫ̂	*handugas, -is	*handugaizǫ̂
Dative	*handugammai	*handugaimaz	*handugaizōi	*handugaimaz	*handugammai	*handugaimaz
Instrumental	*handuganō	*handugaimiz	*handugaizō	*handugaimiz	*handuganō	*handugaimiz
Weak declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*handugô	*handuganiz	*handugǭ	*handugōniz	*handugô	*handugōnō
Accusative	*handuganų	*handuganunz	*handugōnų	*handugōnunz	*handugô	*handugōnō
Genitive	*handuginiz	*handuganǫ̂	*handugōniz	*handugōnǫ̂	*handuginiz	*handuganǫ̂
Dative	*handugini	*handugammaz	*handugōni	*handugōmaz	*handugini	*handugammaz
Instrumental	*handuginē	*handugammiz	*handugōnē	*handugōmiz	*handuginē	*handugammiz

Derived terms

• *handugį̄

Descendants

• Old English: hendiġ
  • Middle English: hendi, handy
    • Scots: handy
    • English: handy
• Old Frisian: *handich, *hondich
  • Saterland Frisian: handich, houndich
• Old Saxon: *handig
  • Maleu-Kilenge: handich
    • → German Low German: handig
• Old Dutch: *handig
  • Middle Dutch: handich
    • Dutch: handig
• Old High German: *hantag, *hantīg
  • Middle High German: handec, hendec, handic, hantic
    • German: handig, händig
• Old Norse: hǫndugr
  • Icelandic: höndugur
  • Faroese: handigur
  • Norwegian: hendig
  • Swedish: händig
  • Danish: hændig
    • → Faroese: hendigur
• Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌿𐌲𐍃 (handugs)
• → Proto-Slavic: *xǫdogъ
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: худогъ (xudogŭ), художьникъ (xudožĭnikŭ)
      • Russian: худо́жник (xudóžnik)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic: хѫдожьство (xǫdožĭstvo), Old Church Slavonic: хѫдожьствиѥ (xǫdožĭstvije)
      • → Russian: художество (xudožestvo)
      • Bulgarian: художество (hudožestvo)
  • West Slavic:
    • Polish: chędogi

References

• Pronk-Tiethoff, Saskia, The Germanic loanwords in Proto-Slavic (Amsterdam/New York 2013) p. 155