Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/tumþiz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

• *tumþō

Etymology

(deprecated template usage)

From Pre-Germanic *dḿ̥tis, equivalent to *temaną +‎ *-þiz.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtum.θiz/

Noun

*tumþiz f

1. seemliness, agreement
2. association, guild, community
3. homestead, estate

Inflection

i-stemDeclension of *tumþiz (i-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*tumþiz	*tumþīz
vocative	*tumþi	*tumþīz
accusative	*tumþį	*tumþinz
genitive	*tumþīz	*tumþijǫ̂
dative	*tumþī	*tumþimaz
instrumental	*tumþī	*tumþimiz

Descendants

• Old English: toft (possible borrowing from Old Norse)
  • Middle English: toft
    • English: toft
• Old Saxon: tumft; mistumft
• Old Dutch: tunft; gitunft
• Old High German: zumft
  • Middle High German: zumft, zunft
    • German: Zunft
• Proto-Proto-Norse: [script needed] (*tumftō) (< *tumþō)
  • Old Norse: *tóft, tomt, topt, tupt, tuft
    • Danish: toft
    • Faroese: toft
    • Icelandic: topt, tuft
    • Norwegian: tomt, tuft
    • Old Swedish: topt, toft, tompt
      • Swedish: tomt
    • Scanian: tøvt

References

• Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN