Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ubanē

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *ub +‎ *-anē.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈu.βɑ.neː/

Adverb

*ubanē

1. from above

Related terms

• *ub
• *upp
• *uppai

Descendants

Because of the irregular forms between some of the directional adverbs and preposition, *ub- and *upp-, some of the daughter languages show leveling. Gothic shows an otherwise unknown full-grade *eup- leveled throughout the adverbs.

• Old English: ufan
  • Middle English: uven
• Old Frisian: ova, with -pp- uppa, oppa (also uppe, oppe, but these might be from *uppai instead)
• Old Saxon: ovan, ovana, with -pp- uppan
• Old Dutch: uppan (with -pp-)
• Old High German: obana, ūfana, *ovana
  • Middle High German: oben, obene, *oven
    • German: oben
    • Luxembourgish: uewen
• Old Norse: ofan
  • Icelandic: ofan
  • Faroese: oman
  • Danish: oven
  • Old Swedish: ovan
    • Swedish: ovan

The West Germanic languages also extended this form with the preposition *bi.

• Old English: bufan, onbufan
  • English: above
• Old Frisian: bova, with -pp- buppa, boppa
  • West Frisian: boppe
• Old Saxon: biovan
  • Middle Low German: boven, baven
    • Low German: baven
• Old Dutch: *bovan
  • Middle Dutch: boven
    • Dutch: boven
• Old High German: *bobana, *bovana
  • Middle High German: bobene, boben, *boven
    • Central Franconian: bovve