Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂erh₃-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*h₂erh₃-

1. to plough

Derived terms

• *h₂ér-ye-ti (ye-present)
• *h₂érh₃-tro-m (“ard, plough”)
• *h₂erh₃-wós (“arable”)
  • Proto-Celtic: *arwī
    • Breton: erv
    • Cornish: erow
    • Welsh: erw
  • Proto-Celtic: *arwor-
    • Old Irish: arbar
      • Irish: arbhar
      • Scottish Gaelic: arbhar
  • Proto-Italic: *arwos
    • Latin: arvus
• *h₂r̥h₃-wé-reh₂ (“fertile soil”)
  • Proto-Hellenic: *ároura < *h₂r̥h₃-w-rh₂
    • Ancient Greek: ἄρουρα (ároura)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hr̥HwáraH
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hr̥HwáraH
      • Sanskrit: उर्वरा (urvárā)
    • Proto-Iranian: *Hr̥HwáraH
      • Younger Avestan: 𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭𐬁 (uruuarā)
• Unsorted formations:
  • (possibly) Indo-Iranian: *áryas (“Aryan”) (see there for further descendants)
  • Old Armenian: հարաւունք (harawunkʻ) < *h₂erh₃-won-
  • Old Armenian: արօս (arōs), արաւս (araws) (possibly)