उर्वरा

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• উৰ্বৰা (Assamese script)
• ᬉᬃᬯᬭᬵ (Balinese script)
• উর্বরা (Bengali script)
• 𑰄𑰨𑰿𑰪𑰨𑰯 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀉𑀭𑁆𑀯𑀭𑀸 (Brahmi script)
• ဥရွရာ (Burmese script)
• ઉર્વરા (Gujarati script)
• ਉਰ੍ਵਰਾ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌉𑌰𑍍𑌵𑌰𑌾 (Grantha script)
• ꦈꦂꦮꦫꦴ (Javanese script)
• 𑂇𑂩𑂹𑂫𑂩𑂰 (Kaithi script)
• ಉರ್ವರಾ (Kannada script)
• ឧវ៌រា (Khmer script)
• ອຸຣ຺ວຣາ (Lao script)
• ഉര്വരാ (Malayalam script)
• ᡠᡵᠣᠸᠠᡵᠠᢇ (Manchu script)
• 𑘄𑘨𑘿𑘪𑘨𑘰 (Modi script)
• ᠤᠷᢦᠷᠠ᠋᠎ᠠ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦤𑧈𑧠𑧊𑧈𑧑 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐄𑐬𑑂𑐰𑐬𑐵 (Newa script)
• ଉର୍ଵରା (Odia script)
• ꢆꢬ꣄ꢮꢬꢵ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆇𑆫𑇀𑆮𑆫𑆳 (Sharada script)
• 𑖄𑖨𑖿𑖪𑖨𑖯 (Siddham script)
• උර්‍වරා (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩐𑩒𑩼 𑪙𑩾𑩼𑩛 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚄𑚤𑚶𑚦𑚤𑚭 (Takri script)
• உர்வரா (Tamil script)
• ఉర్వరా (Telugu script)
• อุรฺวรา (Thai script)
• ཨུ་རྭ་རཱ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒅𑒩𑓂𑒫𑒩𑒰 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨀𑨃𑨫𑩇𑨭𑨫𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₂erh₃-

Proto-Indo-European *-wr̥

Proto-Indo-European *h₂érh₃wr̥

Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂

Proto-Indo-European *h₂r̥h₃wéreh₂

Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hr̥HwáraH

Sanskrit उ॒र्वरा॑

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hr̥HwáraH, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂r̥h₃-wér-eh₂ (“fertile land”), from *h₂erh₃- (“to plough”). Cognate with Younger Avestan 𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭𐬁 (uruuarā), Ancient Greek ἄρουρᾰ (ároură, “cultivated land”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /uɾ.ʋɐ́.ɾɑː/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /uɾ.ʋɐ.ɾɑː/

Noun

उ॒र्वरा॑ • (urvárā) stem, f

1. fertile soil; field yielding crops
   • c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda
   • c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda

Declension

Feminine ā-stem declension of उ॒र्वरा॑

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	उ॒र्वरा॑ (urvárā)	उ॒र्वरे॑ (urváre)	उ॒र्वराः॑ (urvárāḥ)
accusative	उ॒र्वरा॑म् (urvárām)	उ॒र्वरे॑ (urváre)	उ॒र्वराः॑ (urvárāḥ)
instrumental	उ॒र्वर॑या (urvárayā) उ॒र्वरा॑¹ (urvárā¹)	उ॒र्वरा॑भ्याम् (urvárābhyām)	उ॒र्वरा॑भिः (urvárābhiḥ)
dative	उ॒र्वरा॑यै (urvárāyai)	उ॒र्वरा॑भ्याम् (urvárābhyām)	उ॒र्वरा॑भ्यः (urvárābhyaḥ)
ablative	उ॒र्वरा॑याः (urvárāyāḥ) उ॒र्वरा॑यै² (urvárāyai²)	उ॒र्वरा॑भ्याम् (urvárābhyām)	उ॒र्वरा॑भ्यः (urvárābhyaḥ)
genitive	उ॒र्वरा॑याः (urvárāyāḥ) उ॒र्वरा॑यै² (urvárāyai²)	उ॒र्वर॑योः (urvárayoḥ)	उ॒र्वरा॑णाम् (urvárāṇām)
locative	उ॒र्वरा॑याम् (urvárāyām)	उ॒र्वर॑योः (urvárayoḥ)	उ॒र्वरा॑सु (urvárāsu)
vocative	उर्व॑रे (úrvare)	उर्व॑रे (úrvare)	उर्व॑राः (úrvarāḥ)

• ¹Vedic
• ²Brāhmaṇas

Descendants

• Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀩𑀭𑀻 (ubbarī)

References

• Monier Williams (1899), “उर्वरा”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 218, column 2.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992), Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 228-9