Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/jьgra

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Early Proto-Slavic *ígrā˙, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ígrāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ig-réh₂, from *h₂eyg- (“to stir, set in motion”). Cognate with Ancient Greek αἰγίς (aigís).

Noun

*jьgrà f

1. play, game

Inflection

Declension of *jьgrà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm b)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*jьgrà	*jь̀grě	*jьgrỳ
genitive	*jьgrỳ	*jьgrù	*jь̀grъ
dative	*jьgrě̀	*jьgràma	*jьgràmъ
accusative	*jьgrǫ̀	*jь̀grě	*jьgrỳ
instrumental	*jьgròjǫ, *jь̀grǫ**	*jьgràma	*jьgràmī
locative	*jьgrě̀	*jьgrù	*jьgràsъ, *jьgràxъ*
vocative	*jьgro	*jь̀grě	*jьgrỳ

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Alternative forms

• *jьgrь

Derived terms

• *jьgrati (“to play”)
  • *jьgračь (“player”)
  • *jьgrišče, *jьgrisko (“playing field”)
  • *jьgrivъ
  • *jьgrьcь (“jester, fool”)
• *jьgrica

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: игра (igra)
    • Belarusian: ігра́ (ihrá)
    • Russian: игра́ (igrá)
    • Old Ukrainian: игра (ihra), ыгра (yhra)
      • Ukrainian: гра (hra) (plural: і́гри (íhry)), ігра (ihra), игра (yhra) (old orthography)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Cyrillic: игрь (igrĭ)

  • Bulgarian: игра́ (igrá)
  • Macedonian: игра (igra)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: ѝгра

    Latin script: ìgra

  • Slovene: ȋgra (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: jhra
    • Czech: hra
  • Kashubian: jigra
  • Polabian: *jågră
  • Old Polish: igra
    • Polish: gra, igra
  • Slovak: hra, ihra
  • Slovincian: gra
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: jhra, hra
    • Lower Sorbian: gra, igra

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “игра”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1981), “*jьgra”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 8 (*xa – *jьvьlga), Moscow: Nauka, page 208