игра

Bulgarian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *jьgra.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [iˈɡra]

• Audio (Standard Bulgarian):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ra
• Syllabification^(key): и‧гра
• Hyphenation^(key): иг‧ра

Noun

игра́ • (igrá) f (relational adjective игра́лен or игрови́, diminutive игри́ца or игри́чка)

1. play, game (activity for amusement, entertainment, or sport)

   игра́ на кри́еница

   igrá na kríenica

   game of hide-and-seek

   игра́ на ка́рти

   igrá na kárti

   card game

2. game, match, round (a single completed instance of such an activity)

   Загу́бих та́зи игра́.

   Zagúbih tázi igrá.

   I lost this game.

3. play (the act or process of playing; manner of execution)
4. game (a physical set of items used for a board game or similar activity)
5. dance (usually a traditional folk dance; the act of dancing)

   Synonyms: танц (tanc), хоро́ (horó)

6. acting, performance (execution of a role in theatre, film, etc.)

   Synonym: изпълне́ние (izpǎlnénie)

   Сюже́тът на фи́лма е интере́сен, но не ми харе́са игра́та на арти́стите.

   Sjužétǎt na fílma e interésen, no ne mi harésa igráta na artístite.

   The plot of the film is interesting, but I didn't like the actors' performance.

7. (figurative) play, flickering, shimmering (lively or rapid movement (e.g. of light, snow, waves))

   игра́ на светлината́

   igrá na svetlinatá

   play of light

8. (figurative) game, scheme, machination (premeditated actions with a hidden goal)

   опа́сна игра́

   opásna igrá

   dangerous game

9. (figurative) play (free and flexible intellectual or creative activity)

   игра́ на сло́вото

   igrá na slóvoto

   play on words

10. playing, frivolity (careless or unserious treatment of something important)

    игра́ с живо́та и смъртта́

    igrá s živóta i smǎrttá

    playing with life and death

11. (archaic) play, drama (theatrical work)

    Synonyms: пие́са (piésa), дра́ма (dráma)

Declension

Declension of игра́

	singular	plural
indefinite	игра́ igrá	игри́ igrí
definite	игра́та igráta	игри́те igríte

References

• “игра”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• “игра”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1979), “игра́”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 2 (и – крепя̀), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 8

Etymology 2

From Bulgarian играя (igraja).

Verb

игра́ • (igrá)

1. second/third-person singular aorist indicative of игра́я (igrája)

References

• “игра²”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• “игра (гл.)”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010

Anagrams

• гира (gira), Рига (Riga)

Macedonian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈiɡra]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: иг‧ра

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jьgra.

Noun

игра • (igra) f (plural игри)

1. game
2. dance

Declension

Declension of игра

	singular	plural
indefinite	игра (igra)	игри (igri)
definite unspecified	играта (igrata)	игрите (igrite)
definite proximal	играва (igrava)	игриве (igrive)
definite distal	играна (igrana)	игрине (igrine)
vocative	игро (igro)	игри (igri)

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jьgrati, from *jьgra.

Verb

игра • (igra) third-singular present, impf (perfective изигра or одигра)

1. (ambitransitive) to play
2. (ambitransitive) to dance

Conjugation

Conjugation of игра (imperfective, present in -а)

l-participles	imperfect	aorist	non-finite forms
masculine	играл (igral)	—	adjectival participle	игран (igran)
feminine	играла (igrala)	—	adverbial participle	играјќи (igrajḱi)
neuter	играло (igralo)	—	verbal noun	играње (igranje)
plural	играле (igrale)	—	perfect participle	играно (igrano)
finite forms	present	imperfect	aorist	imperative
1st singular	играм (igram)	играв (igrav)	—	—
2nd singular	играш (igraš)	играше (igraše)	—	играј (igraj)
3rd singular	игра (igra)	играше (igraše)	—	—
1st plural	играме (igrame)	игравме (igravme)	—	—
2nd plural	играте (igrate)	игравте (igravte)	—	играјте (igrajte)
3rd plural	играат (igraat)	играа (igraa)	—	—
compound tenses
perfect	сум играл (sum igral)		present of сум (except in the 3rd person) + imperfect l-participle
има-perfect	имам играно (imam igrano)		present of има + perfect participle
pluperfect	бев играл (bev igral)		imperfect of сум + imperfect l-participle
има-pluperfect	имав играно (imav igrano)		imperfect of има + perfect participle
има-perfect reported	сум имал играно (sum imal igrano)		perfect of има + perfect participle
future	ќе играм (ḱe igram)		ќе + present
има-future	ќе имам играно (ḱe imam igrano)		future of има + perfect participle
future in the past	ќе играв (ḱe igrav)		ќе + imperfect
има-future in the past	ќе имав играно (ḱe imav igrano)		future in the past of има + perfect participle
future reported	ќе сум играл (ḱe sum igral)		ќе + imperfect l-participle
има-future reported	ќе сум имал играно (ḱe sum imal igrano)		future reported of има + perfect participle
conditional	би играл (bi igral)		би + imperfect l-participle
има-conditional	би имал играно (bi imal igrano)		conditional of има + perfect participle

Russian

Etymology

Inherited from Old East Slavic игра (igra), from Proto-Slavic *jьgra.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɪˈɡra]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

игра́ • (igrá) f inan (genitive игры́, nominative plural и́гры, genitive plural игр, relational adjective иго́рный or игрово́й)

1. game

   игра́ в мяч ― igrá v mjač ― ball game

2. a sport which is played (also спорти́вная игра́ (sportívnaja igrá))
3. (action): play in the following senses:
   1. Activity for amusement only, especially among the young.
   2. Similar activity, in young animals, as they explore their environment and learn new skills.
   3. (ethology) "Repeated, incompletely functional behavior differing from more serious versions ..., and initiated voluntarily when ... in a low-stress setting."
   4. An individual's performance in a sport or game.
4. acting, performance

   игра́ актёра ― igrá aktjóra ― an actor’s performance

5. role-playing (also ролева́я игра́ (rolevája igrá))
6. playing (a musical instrument)

   игра́ на гита́ре ― igrá na gitáre ― playing the guitar

7. movement of gas bubbles in a sparkling drink
8. (figuratively) glitter, sparkle, radiance (of precious stones)

Declension

Declension of игра́ (inan fem-form hard-stem accent-d) 

	singular	plural
nominative	игра́ igrá	и́гры ígry
genitive	игры́ igrý	и́гр ígr
dative	игре́ igré	и́грам ígram
accusative	игру́ igrú	и́гры ígry
instrumental	игро́й, игро́ю igrój, igróju	и́грами ígrami
prepositional	игре́ igré	и́грах ígrax

Pre-reform declension of игра́ (inan fem-form hard-stem accent-d) 

	singular	plural
nominative	игра́ igrá	и́гры ígry
genitive	игры́ igrý	и́гръ ígr
dative	игрѣ́ igrě́	и́грамъ ígram
accusative	игру́ igrú	и́гры ígry
instrumental	игро́й, игро́ю igrój, igróju	и́грами ígrami
prepositional	игрѣ́ igrě́	и́грахъ ígrax

Derived terms

• иго́рный (igórnyj), игри́стый (igrístyj), игрово́й (igrovój)
• игро́к m anim (igrók)
• игру́шка f inan (igrúška)
  • игру́шечный (igrúšečnyj)

Phrases

• игра́ в одни́ воро́та f (igrá v odní voróta)
• игра́ в одну́ кали́тку f (igrá v odnú kalítku)
• игра́ сло́в f (igrá slóv)
• ка́рточная игра́ f (kártočnaja igrá)

Related terms

• игра́ть impf (igrátʹ) (see more)
  • игра́льный (igrálʹnyj)
  • игри́вый (igrívyj)
  • игру́н m anim (igrún), игру́нка f anim (igrúnka)
• и́грище n (ígrišče)

See also

• ничья́ f (ničʹjá)

References

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “игра”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1999), “игра”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 334

Further reading

• Dal, Vladimir (1880–1882), “играть”, in Толковый Словарь живаго великорускаго языка [Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language] (in Russian), 2nd edition, Publication of the bookseller-typographer Wolf, M. O.

Anagrams

• ирга́ f (irgá)
• ри́га f (ríga)

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jьgra.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ǐɡra/
• Hyphenation: и‧гра

Noun

ѝгра f (Latin spelling ìgra)

1. play
2. game
3. (Bosnia, Serbia) dance

Declension

Declension of игра

	singular	plural
nominative	ѝгра	игре
genitive	игре	ига́ра̄
dative	игри	играма
accusative	игру	игре
vocative	игро	игре
locative	игри	играма
instrumental	игром	играма

Further reading

• “игра”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2026