сум
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Macedonian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Slavic *esmь.
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
сум • (sum) impf or pf
- (intransitive) to be
- (intransitive) to be wrong with
Usage notes[edit]
- The dependent form is specific to this verb only and is basically a second present form that is used in compound forms, such as the future, the да-construction, etc. It is analogous to the dependent present form of perfective verbs and its presence in the conjugation of "сум" is due to suppletion.
Conjugation[edit]
Conjugation of сум (imperfective, perfective)
l-participles | imperfect | aorist | non-finite forms | |
---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | бидел | бил | adjectival partc. | — |
feminine | бидела | била | adverbial partc. | бидејќи |
neuter | бидело | било | verbal noun | — |
plural | биделе | биле | ||
present | imperfect | dependent | imperative | |
1st singular | сум | бев | бидам | — |
2nd singular | си | беше | бидеш | биди |
3rd singular | е | беше | биде | — |
1st plural | сме | бевме | бидеме | — |
2nd plural | сте | бевте | бидете | бидете |
3rd plural | се | беа | бидат | — |
Compound tenses | ||||
perfect | сум бил | present of сум + imperfect l-participle | ||
pluperfect | — | imperfect of сум + imperfect l-participle | ||
future | ќе бидам | ќе + dependent | ||
future in the past | ќе бев | ќе + imperfect | ||
future reported | ќе сум бидел | ќе + imperfect l-participle | ||
conditional | би бил | би + imperfect l-participle |
Mongolian[edit]
Mongolian (PR China) | ᠰᠤᠮᠤ (sumu) |
---|---|
Mongolian (Mongolia) | |
Cyrillic | сум (sum) |
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Mongolic *sumun (“arrow”), compare Kalmyk сумн (sumn), Dongxiang sumu.
The sense 'district' arose during the Qing dynasty as a translation of Manchu ᠨᡳᡵᡠ (niru, “a large arrow, militia company, district”)[1].
Pronunciation[edit]
- (Ulaanbaatar) IPA(key): /sʊm/, [so̙m]
Noun[edit]
сум • (sum); (hidden-n declension)
- arrow, projectile, bullet
- sum (sometimes somon, sumon or sumu) (the second-level civil administrative unit in the Mongolian governance system)
Derived terms[edit]
- нум сум (num sum)
- нэг сумаар хоёр туулай буудах (neg sumaar hoyor tuulay buudah)
Descendants[edit]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ Christopher P. Atwood (2004) Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol empire, New York: Facts on File, Inc, page 523
Russian[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
сум • (sum) f inan pl
Ukrainian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Related to су́мнів (súmniv, “doubt”). Compare Slovene súm (“suspicion”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
сум • (sum) m inan (genitive су́му, uncountable)
Declension[edit]
Declension of сум (inan sg-only hard masc-form accent-a)
Further reading[edit]
- Melnychuk, O. S., editor (2006), “сум”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 5: Р – Т, Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN, page 473
- Hrinchenko, Borys, editor (1907–1909), “сум”, in Словарь украинского языка [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Russian), Kyiv: Kievskaya starina
- Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “сум”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
Categories:
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- Macedonian 1-syllable words
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- mn:Archery
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