сум

See also: сүм, сӯм, and сўм

Macedonian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *byti.

Verb

сум • (sum) impf or pf

1. to be

Usage notes

• The dependent form is specific to this verb only and is basically a second present form that is used in compound forms, such as the future, the да-construction, etc. It is analogous to the dependent present form of perfective verbs and its presence in the conjugation of "сум" is due to suppletion.

Conjugation

Conjugation of сум (imperfective, perfective)

л-participles	imperfect	aorist	non-finite forms
masculine	бидел	бил	adjectival partc.	—
feminine	бидела	била	adverbial partc.	бидејќи
neuter	бидело	било	verbal noun	—
plural	биделе	биле
	present	imperfect	dependent	imperative
1st singular	сум	бев	бидам	—
2nd singular	си	беше	бидеш	биди
3rd singular	е	беше	биде	—
1st plural	сме	бевме	бидеме	—
2nd plural	сте	бевте	бидете	бидете
3rd plural	се	беа	бидат	—
Compound tenses
perfect	сум бил		present of сум + imperfect л-participle
pluperfect	—		imperfect of сум + imperfect л-participle
future	ќе бидам		ќе + dependent
future in the past	ќе бев		ќе + imperfect
future reported	ќе сум бидел		ќе + imperfect л-participle
conditional	би бил		би + imperfect л-participle

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Mongolian

Etymology

From Proto-Mongolic *sumun (“arrow”), compare Dongxiang sumu.

The sense 'district' arose during the Qing dynasty as a translation of Manchu ᠨᡳᡵᡠ (niru, “a large arrow, militia company, district”).

Pronunciation

• (Ulaanbaatar) IPA^(key): /sʊm/, [so̙m]

Noun

сум • (sum) (Mongolian spelling ᠰᠤᠮᠤ (sumu)); (hidden-n declension)

1. arrow, projectile, bullet
2. district (the second-level civil administrative unit in the Mongolian governance system (under provinces))

Derived terms

• нум сум (num sum)
• нэг сумаар хоёр туулай буудах (neg sumaar hojor tuulaj buudah)

See also

• аймаг (ajmag), ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ (ayimag)
• баг (bag)
• нум (num)

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Russian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [sum]

Noun

сум • (sum) f inan pl

1. genitive plural of сума́ (sumá)