си

See also: Си and Appendix:Variations of "si"

Bulgarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [si]

• Audio (Standard Bulgarian):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -si

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *si.

Pronoun

си • (si)

1. (reflexive pronoun, clitic) the dative short form of the reflexive pronoun себе си (sebe si), part of reflexive verbs, denoting that the subject is simultaneously the indirect object; corresponds to (to/for) myself, (to/for) yourself, (to/for) himself, (to/for) herself, (to/for) itself, (to/for) ourselves, (to/for) yourselves, (to/for) themselves

   Купих си книга.

   Kupih si kniga.

   I bought myself a book.

   Тя си купи книга.

   Tja si kupi kniga.

   She bought herself a book.

   Мисля си.

   Mislja si.

   I think to myself.

   Казах си.

   Kazah si.

   I said to myself.

2. (reciprocal, clitic) dative reciprocal pronoun, denoting that the agents perform the mutual actions among themselves; corresponds to (to/for) each other, (to/for) one another

   Говорим си.

   Govorim si.

   We are talking to each other.

   Трябва да си помагаме.

   Trjabva da si pomagame.

   We must help one another.

   Размениха си бързи погледи.

   Razmeniha si bǎrzi pogledi.

   They exchanged glances (with each other).

3. (reflexive pronoun, clitic) reflexive pronoun, part of reflexive verbs, meaning that one does something for one's own enjoyment, it is usually not translated

   Ще си стоя тук и ще си чета.

   Šte si stoja tuk i šte si četa.

   I'll stay here and spend the time reading.

4. (reflexive pronoun, possessive, clitic) the short form of the reflexive possessive pronoun свой (svoj), denoting that the object it modifies belongs to the subject of the sentence; corresponds to one's, my, his, her, its, our, your, their

   Аз говоря за баща си.

   Az govorja za bašta si.

   I'm talking about my father.

   Ти говориш за баща си.

   Ti govoriš za bašta si.

   You're talking about your father.

   Той говори за баща си.

   Toj govori za bašta si.

   He's talking about his (own) father.

   Той говори за баща му.

   Toj govori za bašta mu.

   He's talking about his (someone else's) father.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Slavic *esi.

Verb

си • (si)

1. second-person singular present indicative of съм (sǎm)

Etymology 3

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *si.

Particle

си • (si)

1. used with certain verbs of movement, meaning that the movement is directed towards one's home or towards the place one came from

   Върви си!

   Vǎrvi si!

   Go home!/Go away!/Go your way!/Go where you came from!

   Трябва да си тръгвам.

   Trjabva da si trǎgvam.

   I must go home now./I must be going now./It’s time I were moving.

   Тя си отиде.

   Tja si otide.

   She left./She went her way./She went home.

2. used after indefinite pronouns and adverbs to intensify the indefiniteness

   нещо си ― nešto si ― something or other

   някой си ― njakoj si ― someone or other

   някъде си ― njakǎde si ― somewhere or other

Etymology 4

Borrowed from French si.

Noun

си • (si) n (indeclinable)

1. (music) B (the seventh note in the C major scale)

Evenki

Alternative forms

• һи (hi) — Ayan-Mai, Ilimpeya

Etymology

From Proto-Tungusic *si (“you, thou”). Compare Manchu ᠰᡳ (si), Even хи (hi), Udihe си (si).

Pronoun

си • (si)

1. you (singular)

Ket

Сигэкӈ таяӈӷотин.
I go out at nights.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [sʲiˑ˧], [sʲiˑ˧˥]

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Yeniseian *sigʌ (“night”), derived from Proto-Yeniseian *sīˑg (“dark”) + Proto-Yeniseian *iˀk (“day”).

Historical forms

• 18^th century Ket: (Castrén) sî; (Müller, Pallas) siː; (Pallas) si; (Messerschmidt) dschyh, džɨː
• 19^th century Ket: (Adelung) sij, sii; (Klaproth) džu

Noun

си (sʲīˑ) n (irregular plural сига (sīɣa) сигэкӈ (sīkekŋ))

1. (time) night
   • c. 2001, E. G. Kotorova & T. I. Toporov, Кетские фольклорные и бытовые тексты page 89:

     Ат уська диимбес си.

     Āˑt usʲka dʲiːmbɛsʲ sʲī.

     I came home at night.

See also

• Yeniseian entry guidelines § Historical bibliography

Further reading

• Kotorova, Elizaveta; Nefedov, Andrey (2015), “sī (I)”, in Большой словарь кетского языка, Münich: LINCOM, →ISBN, pages 342-343
• Werner, Heinrich (2002), “си (I)”, in Словарь кетско-русский и русско-кетский: Учебное пособие для учащихся начальной школы‎^[1], 2 edition, Saint-Petersburg: Drofa, →ISBN, page 77
• Werner, Heinrich (2002), “¹s'iˑ”, in Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der Jenissej-Sprachen, volume 2, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 206
• Werner, Heinrich (2005), “night”, in Die Jenissej-Sprachen des 18. Jahrhunderts, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 311

Komi-Zyrian

Etymology

From Proto-Permic *śi, from Proto-Uralic *säŋä. Cognates include Finnish sää (“thread”) and Hungarian sző (“to weave”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɕi/, [ˈɕi]
• Hyphenation: си

Noun

си • (śi)

1. hair (in the general sense)

Declension

Declension of си (stem: си-)

		singular	plural
nominative		си (śi)	сияс (śijas)
accusative	I 1	си (śi)	сияс (śijas)
	II 1	сиӧс (śiös)	сиясӧс (śijasös)
instrumental		сиӧн (śiön)	сиясӧн (śijasön)
comitative		сикӧд (śiköd)	сияскӧд (śijasköd)
caritive		ситӧг (śitög)	сиястӧг (śijastög)
consecutive		сила (śila)	сиясла (śijasla)
genitive		силӧн (śilön)	сияслӧн (śijaslön)
ablative		силысь (śilyś)	сияслысь (śijaslyś)
dative		силы (śily)	сияслы (śijasly)
inessive		сиын (śiyn)	сиясын (śijasyn)
elative		сиысь (śiyś)	сиясысь (śijasyś)
illative		сиӧ (śiö)	сиясӧ (śijasö)
egressive		сисянь (śiśań)	сияссянь (śijasśań)
approximative		силань (śilań)	сияслань (śijaslań)
terminative		сиӧдз (śiödź)	сиясӧдз (śijasödź)
prolative	I	сиӧд (śiöd)	сиясӧд (śijasöd)
	II	ситі (śiti)	сиясті (śijasti)

¹ Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.

Possessive declension of си

First person singular singular plural nominative сиӧй (śiöj) сиясӧй (śijasöj) accusative I 1 сиӧй (śiöj) сиясӧй (śijasöj) II 1 сиӧс (śiös) сиясӧс (śijasös) instrumental синам (śinam) сияснам (śijasnam) comitative сиӧйкӧд (śiöjköd) сиясӧйкӧд (śijasöjköd) caritive ситӧгым (śitögym) сиястӧгым (śijastögym) consecutive сиӧйла (śiöjla) сиясӧйла (śijasöjla) genitive сиӧйлӧн (śiöjlön) сиясӧйлӧн (śijasöjlön) ablative сиӧйлысь (śiöjlyś) сиясӧйлысь (śijasöjlyś) dative сиӧйлы (śiöjly) сиясӧйлы (śijasöjly) inessive сиам (śiam) сиясам (śijasam) elative сисьым (śiśym) сияссьым (śijasśym) illative сиам (śiam) сиясам (śijasam) egressive сисяньым (śiśańym) сияссяньым (śijasśańym) approximative силаньым (śilańym) сиясланьым (śijaslańym) terminative сиӧдзым (śiödźym) сиясӧдзым (śijasödźym) prolative I сиӧдым (śiödym) сиясӧдым (śijasödym) II ситіым (śitiym) сиястіым (śijastiym) 1 Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I. Second person singular singular plural nominative сиыд (śiyd) сиясыд (śijasyd) accusative I 1 сиыд (śiyd) сиясыд (śijasyd) II 1 ситӧ (śitö) сиястӧ (śijastö) instrumental синад (śinad) сияснад (śijasnad) comitative сиыдкӧд (śiydköd) сиясыдкӧд (śijasydköd) caritive ситӧгыд (śitögyd) сиястӧгыд (śijastögyd) consecutive сиыдла (śiydla) сиясыдла (śijasydla) genitive сиыдлӧн (śiydlön) сиясыдлӧн (śijasydlön) ablative сиыдлысь (śiydlyś) сиясыдлысь (śijasydlyś) dative сиыдлы (śiydly) сиясыдлы (śijasydly) inessive сиад (śiad) сиясад (śijasad) elative сисьыд (śiśyd) сияссьыд (śijasśyd) illative сиад (śiad) сиясад (śijasad) egressive сисяньыд (śiśańyd) сияссяньыд (śijasśańyd) approximative силаньыд (śilańyd) сиясланьыд (śijaslańyd) terminative сиӧдзыд (śiödźyd) сиясӧдзыд (śijasödźyd) prolative I сиӧдыд (śiödyd) сиясӧдыд (śijasödyd) II ситіыд (śitiyd) сиястіыд (śijastiyd) 1 Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I. Third person singular singular plural nominative сиыс (śiys) сиясыс (śijasys) accusative I 1 сиыс (śiys) сиясыс (śijasys) II 1 сисӧ (śisö) сияссӧ (śijassö) instrumental синас (śinas) сияснас (śijasnas) comitative сиыскӧд (śiysköd) сиясыскӧд (śijasysköd) caritive ситӧгыс (śitögys) сиястӧгыс (śijastögys) consecutive сиысла (śiysla) сиясысла (śijasysla) genitive сиыслӧн (śiyslön) сиясыслӧн (śijasyslön) ablative сиыслысь (śiyslyś) сиясыслысь (śijasyslyś) dative сиыслы (śiysly) сиясыслы (śijasysly) inessive сиас (śias) сиясас (śijasas) elative сисьыс (śiśys) сияссьыс (śijasśys) illative сиас (śias) сиясас (śijasas) egressive сисяньыс (śiśańys) сияссяньыс (śijasśańys) approximative силаньыс (śilańys) сиясланьыс (śijaslańys) terminative сиӧдзыс (śiödźys) сиясӧдзыс (śijasödźys) prolative I сиӧдыс (śiödys) сиясӧдыс (śijasödys) II ситіыс (śitiys) сиястіыс (śijastiys) 1 Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I. First person plural singular plural nominative синым (śinym) сиясным (śijasnym) accusative I 1 синым (śinym) сиясным (śijasnym) II 1 синымӧ (śinymö) сияснымӧ (śijasnymö) instrumental синаным (śinanym) сияснаным (śijasnanym) comitative синымкӧд (śinymköd) сияснымкӧд (śijasnymköd) caritive ситӧгным (śitögnym) сиястӧгным (śijastögnym) consecutive синымла (śinymla) сияснымла (śijasnymla) genitive синымлӧн (śinymlön) сияснымлӧн (śijasnymlön) ablative синымлысь (śinymlyś) сияснымлысь (śijasnymlyś) dative синымлы (śinymly) сияснымлы (śijasnymly) inessive сианым (śianym) сиясаным (śijasanym) elative сисьыным (śiśynym) сияссьыным (śijasśynym) illative сианым (śianym) сиясаным (śijasanym) egressive сисяньным (śiśańnym) сияссяньным (śijasśańnym) approximative силаньным (śilańnym) сиясланьным (śijaslańnym) terminative сиӧдзным (śiödźnym) сиясӧдзным (śijasödźnym) prolative I сиӧдным (śiödnym) сиясӧдным (śijasödnym) II ситіным (śitinym) сиястіным (śijastinym) 1 Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I. Second person plural singular plural nominative синыд (śinyd) сиясныд (śijasnyd) accusative I 1 синыд (śinyd) сиясныд (śijasnyd) II 1 синытӧ (śinytö) сияснытӧ (śijasnytö) instrumental синаныд (śinanyd) сияснаныд (śijasnanyd) comitative синыдкӧд (śinydköd) сиясныдкӧд (śijasnydköd) caritive ситӧгныд (śitögnyd) сиястӧгныд (śijastögnyd) consecutive синыдла (śinydla) сиясныдла (śijasnydla) genitive синыдлӧн (śinydlön) сиясныдлӧн (śijasnydlön) ablative синыдлысь (śinydlyś) сиясныдлысь (śijasnydlyś) dative синыдлы (śinydly) сиясныдлы (śijasnydly) inessive сианыд (śianyd) сиясаныд (śijasanyd) elative сисьыныд (śiśynyd) сияссьыныд (śijasśynyd) illative сианыд (śianyd) сиясаныд (śijasanyd) egressive сисяньныд (śiśańnyd) сияссяньныд (śijasśańnyd) approximative силаньныд (śilańnyd) сиясланьныд (śijaslańnyd) terminative сиӧдзныд (śiödźnyd) сиясӧдзныд (śijasödźnyd) prolative I сиӧдныд (śiödnyd) сиясӧдныд (śijasödnyd) II ситіныд (śitinyd) сиястіныд (śijastinyd) 1 Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I. Third person plural singular plural nominative синыс (śinys) сиясныс (śijasnys) accusative I 1 синыс (śinys) сиясныс (śijasnys) II 1 синысӧ (śinysö) сияснысӧ (śijasnysö) instrumental синаныс (śinanys) сияснаныс (śijasnanys) comitative синымкӧс (śinymkös) сияснымкӧс (śijasnymkös) caritive ситӧгныс (śitögnys) сиястӧгныс (śijastögnys) consecutive синысла (śinysla) сияснысла (śijasnysla) genitive синыслӧн (śinyslön) сиясныслӧн (śijasnyslön) ablative синыслысь (śinyslyś) сиясныслысь (śijasnyslyś) dative синыслы (śinysly) сиясныслы (śijasnysly) inessive сианыс (śianys) сиясаныс (śijasanys) elative сисьыныс (śiśynys) сияссьыныс (śijasśynys) illative сианыс (śianys) сиясаныс (śijasanys) egressive сисяньныс (śiśańnys) сияссяньныс (śijasśańnys) approximative силаньныс (śilańnys) сиясланьныс (śijaslańnys) terminative сиӧдзныс (śiödźnys) сиясӧдзныс (śijasödźnys) prolative I сиӧдныс (śiödnys) сиясӧдныс (śijasödnys) II ситіныс (śitinys) сиястіныс (śijastinys) 1 Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.

Hyponyms

• юрси (jurśi, “hair on the head”)

Derived terms

• юрси (jurśi)

References

• A. I. Podorova, editor (1948), Коми-русский словарь [Komi-Russian dictionary], Syktyvkar: Коми Государственное Издательство, page 175
• L. M. Beznosikova; E. A. Ajbabina; R. I. Kosnyreva (2000), Коми-русский словарь [Komi-Russian dictionary], →ISBN, page 584

Macedonian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [si]

Verb

си • (si)

1. second-person singular present indicative of сум (sum)

Noun

си • (si)

1. (music) ti, B

Pronoun

си • (si)

1. Short reflexive indirect object pronoun (all persons).
2. (reflexive pronoun, clitic) the dative short form of the reflexive pronoun себе си, part of reflexive verbs, denoting that the subject is simultaneously the indirect object; corresponds to (to/for) myself, (to/for) yourself, (to/for) himself, (to/for) herself, (to/for) itself, (to/for) ourselves, (to/for) yourselves, (to/for) themselves

   Книга си купив. ― Kniga si kupiv. ― I bought myself a book.

   Таа си купи книга. ― Taa si kupi kniga. ― She bought herself a book.

   Јас си мислам. ― Jas si mislam. ― I think to myself.

   Јас си реков. ― Jas si rekov. ― I said to myself.

3. (reciprocal pronoun, clitic) dative reciprocal pronoun, denoting that the agents perform the mutual actions among themselves; corresponds to (to/for) each other, (to/for) one another

   Ние си зборуваме. ― Nie si zboruvame. ― We are talking to each other.

4. (reflexive pronoun, clitic) reflexive pronoun, part of reflexive verbs, meaning that one does something for one's own enjoyment, it is usually not translated

   Ќе си стојам тука и ќе си читам. ― Ḱe si stojam tuka i ḱe si čitam. ― I'll stay here and spend the time reading.

Particle

си • (si)

1. used with certain verbs of movement, meaning that the movement is directed towards one's home or towards the place one came from

   Оди си (дома)! ― Odi si (doma)! ― Go home!/Go away!/Go your way!/Go where you came from!

   Треба да си тргнам. ― Treba da si trgnam. ― I must go home now./I must be going now./It’s time I were moving.

   Таа си отиде (дома). ― Taa si otide (doma). ― She left./She went her way./She went home.

Moksha

Noun

си • (si)

1. louse

Nanai

Pronoun

си (śi)

1. you (singular)

Old East Slavic

Alternative forms

• собѣ (sobě)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *si.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /si/→/sʲi/→/sʲi/

• (ca. 9^th CE) IPA^(key): /si/
• (ca. 11^th CE) IPA^(key): /sʲi/
• (ca. 13^th CE) IPA^(key): /sʲi/

Pronoun

си (si)

1. dative of себе (sebe): to oneself

Declension

Declension of Old East Slavic personal pronouns

Singular	1st person	2nd person	Reflexive
Nominative	ꙗзъ (jazŭ), ꙗ (ja), азъ (azŭ)	тꙑ (ty)	—
Accusative	мене (mene), мѧ (mę)	тебе (tebe), тѧ (tę)	себе (sebe), сѧ (sę)
Genitive	мене (mene)	тебе (tebe)	себе (sebe)
Locative	мънѣ (mŭně)	тобѣ (tobě)	собѣ (sobě)
Dative	мънѣ (mŭně), ми (mi)	тобѣ (tobě), ти (ti)	собѣ (sobě), си (si)
Instrumental	мъноѭ (mŭnojǫ)	тобоѭ (tobojǫ)	собоѭ (sobojǫ)
Possessive	мои (moi)	твои (tvoi)	свои (svoi)
Dual	1st person	2nd person	Reflexive
Nominative	вѣ (vě)	вꙑ (vy)	—
Accusative	на (na)	ва (va)	себе (sebe), сѧ (sę)
Genitive	наю (naju)	ваю (vaju)	себе (sebe)
Locative	наю (naju)	ваю (vaju)	собѣ (sobě)
Dative	нама (nama)	вама (vama)	собѣ (sobě), си (si)
Instrumental	нама (nama)	вама (vama)	собоѭ (sobojǫ)
Possessive	нашь (našĭ)	вашь (vašĭ)	свои (svoi)
Plural	1st person	2nd person	Reflexive
Nominative	мꙑ (my)	вꙑ (vy)	—
Accusative	насъ (nasŭ), нꙑ (ny)	васъ (vasŭ), вꙑ (vy)	себе (sebe), сѧ (sę)
Genitive	насъ (nasŭ)	васъ (vasŭ)	себе (sebe)
Locative	насъ (nasŭ)	васъ (vasŭ)	собѣ (sobě)
Dative	намъ (namŭ), нꙑ (ny)	вамъ (vamŭ), вꙑ (vy)	собѣ (sobě), си (si)
Instrumental	нами (nami)	вами (vami)	собоѭ (sobojǫ)
Possessive	нашь (našĭ)	вашь (vašĭ)	свои (svoi)

Russian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [sʲi]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

си • (si) n inan (indeclinable)

1. (music) B (musical note)

   си дие́з ― si dijéz/diéz ― B sharp

   си бемо́ль ― si bemólʹ ― B flat

2. (music) ti (musical note)
3. (English language) C, c (letter of the Latin alphabet)

   Synonym: цэ (cɛ)

See also

• Previous: (musical note): ля (lja)
• Next: (musical note): до (do)

Serbo-Croatian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /si/

Pronoun

си ? (Latin spelling si)

1. to oneself (clitic dative singular of се̏бе (“oneself”))
   1. to myself
   2. to yourself
   3. to himself
   4. to herself
   5. to itself
   6. to ourselves
   7. to yourselves
   8. to themselves

Declension

Declension of си

	singular	plural
nominative	—	—
genitive	се̏бе, се	се̏бе
dative	се̏би, си	се̏би
accusative	се̏бе, се	се̏бе
vocative	—	—
locative	се̏би	се̏би
instrumental	со̏бо̄м	со̏бом

Tundra Nenets

Etymology

From Proto-Samoyedic *kiə.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [sʲi]
• Hyphenation: си

Noun

си • (syi)

1. gap, hole, opening

Declension

Declension of си (syi) (regular)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	си (syi)	сихиʼ (syixyih)	сиˮ (syiq)
genitive	сиʼ (syih)	сихиʼ (syixyih)	сиˮ (syiq)
accusative	сим (syim°)	сихиʼ (syixyih)	си (syi)
allative	син (syin°)	сихиняʼ (syixyinyah)	сихиˮ (syixyiq)
locative	сихина (syixyina)	сихиняна (syixyinyana)	сихиˮна (syixyiqna)
ablative	сихид (syixyid°)	сихиняд (syixyinyad°)	сихит (syixyit°)
prolative	сивна (syiwna)	сихинямна (syixyinyamna)	сиˮмӑна (syiqmăna)

References

• Pyrerka, A. P.; Tereščenko, N. M. (1948), Русско-ненецкий словарь [Russian–Nenets Dictionary], Moscow: Огиз, page 173
• N. M. Tereschenko (1965), “си”, in Ненецко-русский словарь, Moscow: Советская Энциклопедия

Udihe

Etymology

From Proto-Tungusic *si (“you, thou”). Compare Evenki си (si), Manchu ᠰᡳ (si).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /si/

Pronoun

си (si)

1. second-person singular, nominative case: you, thou