се

See also: сэ, сѐ, сё, -се, се-, and Appendix:Variations of "se"

Bulgarian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *sę.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sɛ/

Pronoun

се • (se)

1. (reflexive, clitic) the accusative short form of the reflexive pronoun себе си, part of reflexive verbs, denoting that the subject is simultaneously the direct object; corresponds to myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves

   Обичам се. - I love myself.

   Обича се. - He/She/It loves himself/herself/itself.

2. (reciprocal, clitic) accusative reciprocal pronoun, denoting that the agents perform the mutual actions among themselves; corresponds to each other, one another

   Мария и Петър се обичат. - Maria and Petar love each other.

3. (reflexive, clitic) reflexive pronoun, part of autocausative verbs, denoting that the referent represented by the subject combines the activity of actor and undergoes a change of state like a patient

   Петър се обиди. - Petаr became/was offended.

4. (reflexive, clitic) reflexive pronoun, part of anticausative verbs, denoting that the subject of the verb undergoes an action or change of state whose agent is unclear or nonexistent

   Вратата се отвори. - The door (was, got) opened.

5. (reflexive, clitic) used for passive constructions with transitive verbs and undetermined agent

   От моята къща се вижда морето. - From my house the sea is seen/one can see the see.

   Говори се, че... - It is said that...

6. (reflexive, clitic) used for passive constructions with transitive verbs and determined agent

   Писмото се пише от мен. - The letter is being written by me.

   Къщата се проектира от известен архитект. - The house was designed by a famous architect.

7. (reflexive, clitic) inherent part of an unergative reflexive or reciprocal verb with no meaning of its own, and an obligatory part of the verb's lexical entry

   Гордея се с работата на Сиву в училище. - I am proud of Sivu's schoolwork.

   Тя се надява да спечели златния медал. - She is hoping to win the gold medal.

Synonyms

• (reciprocal pronoun): един друг (edin drug)

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Macedonian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *sę.

Pronoun

се • (se)

1. Short reflexive direct object pronoun.

1. (reflexive, clitic) the accusative short form of the reflexive pronoun себе си, part of reflexive verbs, denoting that the subject is simultaneously the direct object; corresponds to myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves

   се сакам. - I love/like myself.

   се сака. - He/She/It [loves/likes] himself/herself/itself.

2. (reciprocal, clitic) accusative reciprocal pronoun, denoting that the agents perform the mutual actions among themselves; corresponds to each other, one another

   Марија и Петар се сакаат. - Maria and Petar [love/like] each other.

3. (reflexive, clitic) reflexive pronoun, part of autocausative verbs, denoting that the referent represented by the subject combines the activity of actor and undergoes a change of state like a patient

   Петар се навреди. - Peter became/was offended.

4. (reflexive, clitic) reflexive pronoun, part of anticausative verbs, denoting that the subject of the verb undergoes an action or change of state whose agent is unclear or nonexistent

   Вратата се отвори. - The door (was, got) opened.

5. (reflexive, clitic) used for passive constructions with transitive verbs and undetermined agent

   Од мојата куќа се гледа морето. - From my house the sea is seen/one can see the see.

   се вели, дека... - It is said that...

6. (reflexive, clitic) used for passive constructions with transitive verbs and determined agent

   Писмото се пишува од мене. - The letter is being written by me.

   Куќата се проектира од познат архитект. - The house was designed by a famous architect.

7. (reflexive, clitic) inherent part of an unergative reflexive or reciprocal verb with no meaning of its own, and an obligatory part of the verb's lexical entry

   Јас се гордам со пишењето на Иво во училиштето. - I am proud of Sivu's schoolwork.

   Таа се надева да победи златен медал. - She is hoping to win the gold medal.

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Russian

Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

Pronoun

се • (sjo)

1. Alternative spelling of сё (sjo)

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Serbo-Croatian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /se/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *sę.

Pronoun

се (Latin spelling se)

1. oneself (clitic form of reflexive pronoun)
   1. myself
   2. yourself
   3. himself
   4. herself
   5. itself
   6. ourselves
   7. yourselves
   8. themselves

Declension

Declension of се

	singular	plural
nominative	—	—
genitive	се̏бе, се	се̏бе
dative	се̏би, си	се̏би
accusative	се̏бе, се	се̏бе
vocative	—	—
locative	се̏би	се̏би
instrumental	со̏бо̄м	со̏бом

Etymology 2

From Proto-Slavic *sь.

Particle

се (Latin spelling se)

1. (obsolete) this is; here is
   • 1404, anonymous, Kočerin tablet:

     се лежи вигань милошевиꙉь

     Here lies Viganj Milošević.

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Tajik

Numeral

се • (se)

1. three