se
Translingual[edit]
Proper noun[edit]
se
English[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
se (plural ses)
Translations[edit]
Anagrams[edit]
Abinomn[edit]
Noun[edit]
se
Afrikaans[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Dutch zijn, z'n (“his, its”). An Afrikaans innovation is the use of se regardless of the number or gender of the possessor, which may be due to a merger with the Dutch genitive suffix -s.
Pronunciation[edit]
Particle[edit]
se
- follows a noun to indicate that this noun possesses that which follows, much like English 's
- Dis my ouma se huis. — This is my grandmother’s house.
See also[edit]
Albanian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Albanian *tśe(i), *tśi from Proto-Indo-European *kwe-, *kw(e)i- (“how, what”). Interrogative and relative pronoun, especially in connection with a preposition.
Pronunciation[edit]
Conjunction[edit]
se
- that, as, when
- Më duket se ke nevojë për disa shokë të rinj. — It seems to me that you need some new friends.
- Im vëlla më tha se don të bisedojë me ty rreth librit të ri. — My brother told me that he wants to talk to you about the new book.
Related terms[edit]
Bonan[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Mongolic *usun.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
se
References[edit]
- Üjiyediin Chuluu (Chaolu Wu), Introduction, Grammar, and Sample Sentences for Baoan, SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS (Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA), November 1994
- Henry G. Schwarz, The Minorities of Northern China: A Survey (1984), page 140: 'water' Daur os
Breton[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
se
Catalan[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Latin sē, from Proto-Indo-European *swé (reflexive pronoun).
Pronoun[edit]
se (enclitic, contracted 's, proclitic es, contracted proclitic s')
- himself, herself, itself (direct or indirect object)
- oneself (direct or indirect object)
- themselves (direct or indirect object)
- each other (direct or indirect object)
Usage notes[edit]
The use of se and other direct personal pronouns can indicate the passive in Catalan.
Declension[edit]
Central Huasteca Nahuatl[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Numeral[edit]
se
- (it is) one in number.
Cimbrian[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
- ze (Sette Comuni)
Etymology[edit]
From Middle High German si(e) (“they”), merged from Old High German sie m pl, sio f pl, siu n pl, from Proto-Germanic *īz m, *ijôz f, *ijō n, the nominative plural forms of *iz. Cognate with German sie, Dutch zij.
Pronoun[edit]
se
- (Luesrna) they
Inflection[edit]
Personal pronouns | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
1st person | i | biar |
2nd person | du | iar |
3rd person | er, si, 'z | se |
References[edit]
- “se” in Cimbrian, Ladin, Mòcheno: Getting to know 3 peoples. 2015. Servizio minoranze linguistiche locali della Provincia autonoma di Trento, Trento, Italy.
Czech[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Slavic *sę.
Pronunciation[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
se (reflexive pronoun)
Declension[edit]
Synonyms[edit]
Related terms[edit]
Preposition[edit]
se (also s)
Further reading[edit]
- se in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
- se in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
Dalmatian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
se
Danish[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Old Danish se, from Old Norse (East) *sēa, (Old Norse (West) sjá), from Proto-Germanic *sehwaną, cognate with English see, German sehen. From Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“to see, notice”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
se (imperative se, infinitive at se, present tense ser, past tense så, perfect tense har set)
- to see
- (reciprocal passive) to see each other
Conjugation[edit]
reciprocal
Dimasa[edit]
Numeral[edit]
sé
Esperanto[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Borrowed from Italian se, influenced by French si and Latin sī.
Pronunciation[edit]
Audio (file)
Conjunction[edit]
se
Ewe[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
se (plural sewo)
Fala[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Old Portuguese se, sse, from Latin sē, from Proto-Indo-European *se-.
Pronoun[edit]
se
- used for passive constructions with transitive verbs and undetermined agent (equivalent to one)
- 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme II, Chapter 2: Recunquista:
- Non poemos analizar con pormenoris estis siglos, pero tampoco se debi toleral que, sin fundamentus, se poña en duda algo que a Historia documentá nos lega sobre nossa terra.
- We can’t thoroughly analyse these centuries, but one mustn’t tolerate that, unfoundedly, something documented history tells us about our land be questioned.
- reflexive and reciprocal: oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves, yourself; each other, one another
- 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Anexu: A Porcá:
- Cumían algu de herba por camiñus, se bañaban i os devulvían a casa por as tardis.
- They ate some pasture along the way, bathed themselves and were returned to their home in the afternoon.
Synonyms[edit]
- (reflexive): -si
Faroese[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
se n (genitive singular ses, plural se)
- The name of the Latin-script letter C.
Declension[edit]
Declension of se | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
n4 | singular | plural | ||
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
nominative | se | seið | se | seini |
accusative | se | seið | se | seini |
dative | se, sei | senum | seum | seunum |
genitive | ses | sesins | sea | seanna |
Fijian[edit]
Noun[edit]
se
Finnish[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Finnic *se, from Proto-Uralic *śe. For plural forms, see etymology of ne.
The oblique stem si- is seen in some forms and is also found in other Finnic languages, such as the following cognates of the partitive singular sitä: Karelian sitä, Livvi sittäh, Veps sidä, Votic sitä. This is possibly a remnant of the original expected form **si (due to final e > i) which was reversed in some forms, possibly as influence from the plural ne.
The stem sii- seen in internal locative case forms may have been generalized from the plural forms as a means to distinguish from partitive/essive sitä, sinä; expected internal locative cases *sissä, *sistä may have been avoided as a dissimilation. Compare Veps siš (inessive singular of se).
Pronunciation[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
se (stem se-, also si-, and sii-, see below)
- (demonstrative) it
- (demonstrative) that (when the speaker does not point at the thing, either physically or mentally)
- (colloquial and dialectal) he, she
- (colloquial) the (as a definite article; see the usage notes below)
Usage notes[edit]
- Due to the influence of Germanic languages, and nowadays especially to that of English, se may often be used as a kind of definite article in colloquial Finnish, though in standard Finnish it is ungrammatical, where word order expresses whether something is definite or indefinite. (Compare the usage of yksi.)
- (standard) Mies tuli luokseni. → (colloquial) Se mies tuli mun luokse.
- The man came to me.
- (standard) Luokseni tuli mies. → (colloquial) Yks mies tuli mun luokse.
- A man came to me.
Determiner[edit]
se
- that (not pointed at by the speaker)
Inflection[edit]
Irregular.
Declension of se
|
Synonyms[edit]
- (he or she): hän
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
- Kven: se
See also[edit]
Anagrams[edit]
French[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Middle French se, from Old French se, from Latin sē, from Proto-Indo-European *swé (reflexive pronoun). See also soi.
Pronunciation[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
se m or f (pre-vocalic s')
- The third-person reflexive and reciprocal direct and indirect object pronoun.
- (to) himself
- (to) herself
- (to) oneself
- (to) itself
- (to) themselves
- (to) each other
- (Louisiana) The second-person plural reflexive and reciprocal direct and indirect object pronoun.
- Je suis partie à la chasse et faut vous autres se comportes bien. ― I'm going hunting and y'all need to behave yourselves.
Usage notes[edit]
- Se becomes s' before a vowel or unaspirated h, and sometimes, in nonstandard writing, in other cases where the e would be silent, e.g. in lyrics.
- Se is often used with an actual subject, but it is also very often used with an abstract subject:
- Il est normal de se parler. — It is normal to talk to oneself.
Derived terms[edit]
Related terms[edit]
See Template:French personal pronouns for other pronouns.
See also[edit]
- The other reflexive and reciprocal direct and indirect object pronouns: me, m', te, t', nous, vous.
- The third-person reflexive and reciprocal disjunctive pronoun: soi.
Further reading[edit]
- “se” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
Anagrams[edit]
Galician[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
From Old Galician and Old Portuguese se (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin sī.
Conjunction[edit]
se
Etymology 2[edit]
See the etymology of the main entry.
Alternative forms[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
se
- accusative/dative of si
References[edit]
- “se” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006-2012.
- “se” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006-2013.
- “se” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.
Garo[edit]
Etymology[edit]
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun[edit]
se
German Low German[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Middle Low German sê, variously from Old Saxon sia and Old Saxon siu, ultimately developed from forms of Proto-Germanic *hiz and possibly influenced by Proto-Germanic *sa.
Pronunciation[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
se
- she
- Se is Anke. — She is Anke (Annie).
Pronoun[edit]
se
- they
- Se kaamt ut Bremen. — They come from Bremen.
- 1861, G. Ungt, Twee Geschichten in Mönstersk Platt. Ollmanns Jans in de Friümde un Ollmanns Jans up de Reise, page 163:
- Dao gävven5 sick de Beiden dann auk an, datt se wier by ähr keimen.6
- 5 gaben – gaben sich an – strengten sich an. 6 zu ihnen kamen.
- Dao gävven5 sick de Beiden dann auk an, datt se wier by ähr keimen.6
See also[edit]
Haitian Creole[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Verb[edit]
se
Usage notes[edit]
- Use ye at the end of a clause.
- This word does not appear when the predicate is an adjective or prepositional phrase, except when the preposition in the prepositional phrase is pou (“for”) or tankou (“like”).
References[edit]
Hungarian[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Conjunction[edit]
se (clitic)
- Alternative form of sem.
Derived terms[edit]
See also[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- (not … either, not even): se in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh: A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (’The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962.
- ([folksy, informal] alternative form of sem): se, redirecting to sem in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh: A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (’The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962.
Ido[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Conjunction[edit]
se
- if
- La klerko komencus laborar se ilu povus. — The clerk would begin to work if he could.
- Se me povus, me komprus altra domo. — If I could, I would buy another house.
Noun[edit]
se (plural se-i)
- The name of the Latin script letter S/s.
See also[edit]
- (Latin script letter names) litero; a, be, ce, che, de, e, fe, ge, he, i, je, ke, le, me, ne, o, pe, que, re, se, she, te, u, ve, we, xe, ye, ze (Category: io:Latin letter names)
Ingrian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Finnic *se, from Proto-Uralic *śe. Cognates include Finnish se and Estonian see.
Pronunciation[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
se
Determiner[edit]
se
Declension[edit]
Inflection of se | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | se | neet |
genitive | senen | niijjen |
partitive | sitä | niitä |
illative | siihe | niihe |
inessive | siin | niiz |
elative | siint | niist |
allative | sille | niille |
adessive | sill | niil |
ablative | silt | niilt |
translative | siks | niiks |
essive | sinä | niin |
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- V. I. Junus, Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka[2], Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, 1936, page 99
- Ruben E. Nirvi, Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, 1971, page 514
- Vitalij Chernyavskij, Ižoran keel (Ittseopastaja)[3], 2005, page 16
- Olga I. Konkova; Nikita A. Dyachinkov, Inkeroin Keel: Пособие по Ижорскому Языку[4], 2014, →ISBN, pages 13-14
Interlingua[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
se (third person)
- Reflexive: oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves.
- Illa se videva in le speculo. ― She saw herself in the mirror.
- Reciprocal: each other, one another.
- Quando illes se cognosceva? ― When did they meet (each other)?
- Used for passive constructions with undetermined agent (translated by "one").
- De mi casa se vide le mar. ― From my house the sea is seen.(Literally, “...the sea sees itself.”)
- Hence, used for expressions of the type "to get/become ...-ed".
- espaventar — “to frighten”; espaventar se = "to get frightened" (lit., "to frighten oneself")
Usage notes[edit]
- (reflexive, reciprocal, oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves, each other, one another): Many verbs bear a reflexive pronoun by default. Se must be replaced by me, te, etc., according to the subject.
Istriot[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Conjunction[edit]
se
- if
- 1877, Antonio Ive, Canti popolari istriani: raccolti a Rovigno, volume 5, Ermanno Loescher, page 99:
- Biela, se ti vedissi li galiere
- Beautiful one, if you saw the galleys
- Biela, se ti vedissi li galiere
- 1877, Antonio Ive, Canti popolari istriani: raccolti a Rovigno, volume 5, Ermanno Loescher, page 99:
Italian[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
From Late Latin se, from Latin sī,[1] from Proto-Indo-European *swé (reflexive pronoun).
Conjunction[edit]
se
Derived terms[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
From Latin sē, from Proto-Indo-European *swé (reflexive pronoun).
Pronoun[edit]
se
Usage notes[edit]
Used when followed by a third-person direct object clitic (lo, la, li, le, or ne).
See also[edit]
Number | Person | Gender | Nominative | Reflexive | Accusative | Dative | Conjunctive | Disjunctive | Locative | Partitive |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | first | — | io | mi, m', -mi | me | me | — | |||
second | — | tu | ti, t', -ti | te | te | |||||
third | m | lui | si2, s', -si | lo, l', -lo | gli, -gli | glie, se2 | lui, sé | ci, c', vi, v' (formal) |
ne, n' | |
f | lei, Lei1 | la, La1, l', L'1, -la, -La1 | le3, Le1, -le3, -Le1 | lei, Lei1, sé | ||||||
Plural | first | — | noi | ci, c', -ci | ce | noi | — | |||
second | — | voi, Voi4 | vi, Vi4, v', V'4, -vi, -Vi4 | ve | voi, Voi4 | |||||
third | m | loro, Loro1 | si, s', -si | li, Li1, -li, -Li1 | gli, -gli, loro (formal), Loro1 |
glie, se | loro, Loro1, sé | ci, c', vi, v' (formal) |
ne, n' | |
f | le, Le1, -le, -Le1 | |||||||||
1 | Third person pronominal forms used as formal terms of address to refer to second person subjects (with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects). Unlike the singular forms, the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language, and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead. | |||||||||
2 | Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive. | |||||||||
3 | Often replaced by gli, -gli in informal language. | |||||||||
4 | Formal (capitalisation optional); in many regions, can refer to just one person (compare with French vous). |
References[edit]
- ^ Angelo Prati, "Vocabolario Etimologico Italiano", Torino, 1951
Japanese[edit]
Romanization[edit]
se
Kalasha[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Sanskrit स (sa), सा (sā), from Proto-Indo-European *só.
Pronoun[edit]
se
Coordinate terms[edit]
See also[edit]
See Template:kls-personal pronouns for further pronouns.
Karelian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Finnic *se, from Proto-Uralic *śe. Cognates include Finnish se and Estonian see.
Pronunciation[edit]
Determiner[edit]
se
Pronoun[edit]
se
Declension[edit]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- P. M. Zaykov, Грамматика Карельского языка (фонетика и морфология) [Grammar of the Karelian language (phonetics and morphology)], 1999, →ISBN, page 58
Kven[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Finnish se, from Proto-Finnic *se, from Proto-Uralic *śe.
Pronunciation[edit]
Determiner[edit]
se
Pronoun[edit]
se
Declension[edit]
Synonyms[edit]
- (he, she): hän
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- Eira Söderholm, Kvensk grammatikk, Tromsø: Cappelen Damm Akademisk, 2017, →ISBN, page 278
Ladin[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
se
- (indefinite) one, you, we, they, people. Note: often translated using the passive voice in English.
- (reflexive) oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves; (reciprocal) each other, one another. Note: With some verbs, si is not translated in English.
Lashi[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
se
- to know
- to be able to
References[edit]
- Hkaw Luk, A grammatical sketch of Lacid[5], Chiang Mai: Payap University (master thesis), 2017
Latin[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Indo-European *swé (reflexive pronoun).
Pronunciation[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
sē (accusative and ablative, no nominative)
- (reflexive) the accusative of the third-person singular and plural reflexive pronoun: oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves
- Vōcālis est littera quae per sē syllabam facere potest. ― A vowel is a letter that can form a syllable by itself.
- Quīntus quōmodo sē habet hodiē? ― How's Quintus doing today? (literally, “is holding himself”)
- In mare sē praecipitāvit. ― He drowned himself in the ocean.
- (reflexive) the ablative of the third-person singular and plural reflexive pronoun
Usage notes[edit]
- sēsē is very common as the emphatic form of the accusative pronoun, especially in reference to a preceding ipse, or at the beginning or the end of a clause.
Declension[edit]
Number | Person | Gender | Nominative | Genitive | Dative | Accusative | Ablative | Possessive |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | First | — | ego | meī | mihi | mē | meus, -a, -um | |
Second | — | tū | tuī | tibi | tē | tuus, -a, -um | ||
Reflexive third | — | — | suī | sibi | sē, sēsē | suus, -a, -um | ||
Third | Masculine | is | eius | eī | eum | eō | eius | |
Feminine | ea | eam | eā | |||||
Neuter | id | id | eō | |||||
Plural | First | — | nōs | nostrī, nostrum | nōbīs | nōs | nōbīs | noster, -tra, -trum |
Second | — | vōs | vestrī, vestrum | vōbīs | vōs | vōbīs | vester, -tra, -trum | |
Reflexive third | — | — | suī | sibi | sē, sēsē | suus, -a, -um | ||
Third | Masculine | eī, iī | eōrum | eīs | eōs | eīs | eōrum | |
Feminine | eae | eārum | eās | eārum | ||||
Neuter | ea | eōrum | ea | eōrum |
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
Ligurian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Late Latin se(d), from Latin sī (“if”) + quid (“what”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Conjunction[edit]
se
Livonian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Finnic *se, from Proto-Uralic *śe. Cognates include Finnish se and Estonian see.
Pronoun[edit]
se
Lower Sorbian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Slavic *sę.
Pronunciation[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
se
- myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves, oneself
- each other, one another
- used to form passives
Derived terms[edit]
References[edit]
- se in Manfred Starosta (1999): Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag.
Luxembourgish[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
se
- unstressed form of si
Declension[edit]
See Template:lb-decl-personal pronouns for declension.
Malay[edit]
< 0 | 1 | 2 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : se | ||
Alternative forms[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Shortened form of esa, from Proto-Malayic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa.
Pronunciation[edit]
Numeral[edit]
se (Jawi spelling س)
- (Terengganu dialect) En
Synonyms[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Maltese[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Sometimes thought to have been inherited from Arabic سَ (sa), from سَوْفَ (sawfa). However, it is more likely that the similarity is entirely coincidental and that Maltese se(r) is merely a shortened form of sejjer.
Pronunciation[edit]
Particle[edit]
se
- Indicates a future tense.
Mandarin[edit]
Romanization[edit]
se
- Nonstandard spelling of sè.
Usage notes[edit]
- English transcriptions of Mandarin speech often fail to distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without the appropriate indication of tone.
Middle Dutch[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
se
- accusative of si (“they”)
Middle English[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
From Old English swē, swǣ, variants of swā (“so”). More at so.
Adverb[edit]
se
Etymology 2[edit]
Noun[edit]
se
- Alternative form of see (“sea”)
Etymology 3[edit]
Noun[edit]
se
- Alternative form of see (“see”)
Etymology 4[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
se
- Alternative form of sche
Middle French[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Old French se, from Latin sē.
Pronoun[edit]
se
- The third-person reflexive and reciprocal direct object pronoun.
- The third-person reflexive and reciprocal indirect object pronoun.
- to himself
- to herself
- to oneself
- to itself
- to themselves
- to each other
- ils se donnerent bataille ― they gave each other battle (they gave battle to each other)
Usage notes[edit]
- Whether to translate as himself, herself, oneself, itself, themselves or each other depends on the gender (male, female or none) and number (singular or plural).
- Usually becomes s' before a vowel. In older manuscripts, it becomes s- with no apostrophe.
Descendants[edit]
- French: se
Middle Low German[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Variously from Old Saxon sia and Old Saxon siu, ultimately developed from forms of Proto-Germanic *hiz and possibly influenced by Proto-Germanic *sa.
Pronunciation[edit]
- Stem vowel: ê⁴
Pronoun[edit]
sê
- (third person singular female nominative) she
- her (accusative of sê)
- (third person plural nominative) they
- them (accusative of sê)
Declension[edit]
See Template:gml-perpron for declension.
Descendants[edit]
Neapolitan[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
se
- reflexive third person pronoun: oneself, himself, itself, herself, themselves etc.
North Frisian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Old Frisian siā, from Proto-Germanic *sehwaną
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
se (present se, 2nd singular sjochst, 3rd singular sjocht, past saag, perfect sen)
Northern Kurdish[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From West Iranian *spaka "dog-like, relating to dogs" (compare Old Median σπάκα (“dog”), Persian سگ (sag), and Old Armenian ասպակ (aspak, “dog”), a borrowing from Median), from Proto-Iranian [Term?] (compare Avestan 𐬯𐬞𐬁 (spā), Pashto سپۍ (spəy)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian [Term?] (compare Sanskrit श्वन् (śvā́)), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ.
Noun[edit]
Central Kurdish | سەگ (seg) |
---|
se ?
Norwegian Bokmål[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Old Norse sjá, from Proto-Germanic *sehwaną, from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“to see, notice”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Audio (file)
Verb[edit]
se (imperative se, present tense ser, passive ses or sees, simple past så, past participle sett, present participle seende)
- to see (perceive with the eyes).
Derived terms[edit]
See also[edit]
- sjå (Nynorsk)
References[edit]
- “se” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Old English[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
- þē – late nom. masc. sg. form
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-West Germanic *siz, replacing earlier *sā, from Proto-Germanic *sa, from Proto-Indo-European *só.
Pronunciation[edit]
Article[edit]
sē
- the
- sē mōna ― the moon
- sēo sunne ― the sun
- þæt seofonstierre ― the Pleiades
- þā steorran ― the stars
- late 10th century, Ælfric's Lives of Saints
- Sē bisċop wæs bisiġ mid þām cyninge.
- The bishop was busy with the king.
- c. 990, Wessex Gospels, Matthew 7:13
- Gangaþ inn þurh þæt nearwe ġeat.
- Go in through the narrow gate.
Determiner[edit]
sē
- that
- Sele mē þone hamer.
- Give me that hammer.
- Cūðes þū þā rēadfiexan þe þū ǣr wiþ sprǣċe?
- Did you know that redhead who you were talking to earlier?
Pronoun[edit]
sē
- that
- Hē fōr hām, and æfter þām ne ġeseah iċ hine nǣfre mā.
- He went home, and after that I never saw him again.
- also sometimes used (in the appropriate gender and case) to mean "he," "she," "it," "they," etc.
- early 8th century, Beowulf, line 469
- Heregar... sē wæs betera þonne iċ.
- Heregar... he was better than me.
- late 10th century, Ælfric, "On the Purification of St. Mary"
- Sēo lifde mid hire were seofon ġēar.
- She lived with her husband for seven years.
- c. 990, Wessex Gospels, Mark 12:3
- Þā swungon hīe þone and forlēton hine īdelhendne.
- Then they beat him and left him empty-handed.
- early 8th century, Beowulf, line 469
- the one / that one
- Iċ eom sē þe cnocaþ.
- I am the one who knocks.
- Hēo nis sēo þe þū oferreċċan þearft.
- She's not the one you need to convince.
- Rǣtst þū nū þās bōc oþþe þā?
- Are you reading this book right now or that one?
- Hwæðer is þīn, þē þæt swearte hors þē þæt hwīte?
- Which one is yours, the black horse or the white one?
- (relative) that, who, what
- Ne biþ eall þæt glitnaþ nā gold.
- Not everything that glitters is gold.
- Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Manuscript E, year 605
- Þǣr man ofslōg ēac twā hund prēosta þā cōmon þæder þæt hīe sċylden ġebiddan for Wēala here. Sċromail wæs ġehāten heora ealdor, sē ætbærst þanon fīftiga sum.
- There two hundred priests were killed who had come to pray for the Welsh army. Scromail was the name of their leader, who was one of fifty to escape from there.
- c. 900, King Alfred's translation of The Consolation of Philosophy
- Wel mē līcode þæt þū ǣr sæġdes.
- I really liked what you said before.
Declension[edit]
Usage notes[edit]
- The word "the" was used somewhat more sparingly in Old English than in the modern language. One reason is, English had only recently developed a word for "the" (sē previously only meant "that"), leaving many nouns and phrases which had a definite meaning but which people continued to use without a definite article out of custom. Examples of words which usually went without the word "the" include:
- Names of peoples, such as Engle (“the Angles”), Seaxan (“the Saxons”), and Crēcas (“the Greeks”). Ġelīefst þū þæt Dene magon bēon oferswīðde? (“Do you believe the Danes can be defeated?”).
- All river names. On Temese flēat ān sċip (“A boat was floating on the Thames”).
- A few nouns denoting types of locations, namely sǣ (“the sea”), wudu (“the woods”), and eorþe (“the ground”). Þū fēolle on eorðan and slōge þīn hēafod (“You fell on the ground and hit your head”). Note that eorþe was often used with a definite article when it meant "the Earth."
- "the world," whether expressed with weorold or middanġeard. Iċ fēle æt hām on ealre weorolde, þǣr þǣr sind wolcnu and fuglas and mennisċe tēaras (“I feel at home in the whole world, where there are clouds and birds and human tears”).
- A couple abstract concepts, namely sōþ (“the truth”) and ǣ (“the law”). Iċ seċġe ēow sōþ, þæt iċ swerie (“I'm telling you the truth, I swear”).
- Dryhten (“the Lord”).
- morgen (“the morning”) and ǣfen (“the evening”). Iċ ārās on lætne morgen and ēode niðer (“I got up late in the morning and went downstairs”).
- The four seasons, lengten (“spring”), sumor (“summer”), hærfest (“fall”), and winter (“winter”). On sumore hit biþ wearm and on wintra ċeald (“In the summer it's warm and in the winter it's cold”).
- forþġewitennes (“the past”), andweardnes (“the present”), and tōweardnes (“the future”). Þā þe forðġewitennesse ġemunan ne magon, hīe bēoþ ġeniðrode hīe tō ġeedlǣċenne (“Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it”).
- forma sīþ (“the first time”), ōþer sīþ (“the second time”), etc. Hwæt þōhtest þū þā þū mē forman sīðe ġemēttest? (“What did you think when you met me for the first time?”).
- þīestra (“the dark”). Iċ āwēox, ac iċ nǣfre ne ġeswāc mē þīestra tō ondrǣdenne (“I grew up, but I never stopped being scared of the dark”).
- Genitive phrases could include the word "the" before the head noun, but most often did not. Instead, genitive phrases were commonly formed like possessive phrases in modern English, with the genitive noun preceding the head noun ("John's car," not "the car of John"). Thus “the fall of Rome” was Rōme hryre, literally “Rome's fall,” and “the god of fire” was fȳres god, literally “fire's god.”
Descendants[edit]
Old French[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
From Latin sē (“himself, herself, itself”), accusative of reflexive pronoun.
Alternative forms[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
se m or f (invariable)
- himself (reflexive direct and indirect third-person singular pronoun)
- herself (reflexive direct and indirect third-person singular pronoun)
- itself (reflexive direct and indirect third-person singular pronoun)
- oneself (reflexive direct and indirect third-person singular pronoun)
- themselves (reflexive direct and indirect third-person plural pronoun)
Descendants[edit]
- French: se
Etymology 2[edit]
Conjunction[edit]
se
Descendants[edit]
- French: si
Old Frisian[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
se
Old Irish[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Determiner[edit]
se
- Alternative form of so used after palatalized consonants and front vowels
Old Saxon[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Germanic *sa.
Pronunciation[edit]
Article[edit]
sē m (demonstrative)
- definite article: the
- sē māno ― the moon
- demonstrative adjective: that, those
- Hē gaf thē gift. ― He gave that gift.
Declension[edit]
See also[edit]
Pennsylvania German[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
se
Declension[edit]
Phalura[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation[edit]
Determiner[edit]
se (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling سےۡ)
- the
- that (agr: rem fem / rem non-nom masc)
References[edit]
- Liljegren, Henrik; Haider, Naseem, Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)[6], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, 2011, →ISBN
Etymology 2[edit]
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation[edit]
Determiner[edit]
se (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling سےۡ)
- the
- those (agr: rem)
References[edit]
- Liljegren, Henrik; Haider, Naseem, Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)[7], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, 2011, →ISBN
Etymology 3[edit]
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
se (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling سےۡ)
- it
- she (rem fem nom)
References[edit]
- Liljegren, Henrik; Haider, Naseem, Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)[8], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, 2011, →ISBN
Etymology 4[edit]
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
se (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling سےۡ)
- they (rem nom)
References[edit]
- Liljegren, Henrik; Haider, Naseem, Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)[9], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, 2011, →ISBN
Pilagá[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
se
- I
- se-take ― I want
References[edit]
- 2001, Alejandra Vidal, quoted in Subordination in Native South-American Languages
Pipil[edit]
< 0 | 1 | 2 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : sē Ordinal : achtu Adverbial : seujti Distributive : sejsē ika | ||
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Uto-Aztecan *sɨmayV. Compare Classical Nahuatl ce (“one”). Cognate with Hopi suukya' (“one”), Shoshone seme' (“one”), Cahuilla súplli (“one”), and O'odham hema (“one”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Numeral[edit]
sē
- one
- Nikneki semaya se
- I want only one
Article[edit]
sē
- a, indefinite article
- Tikitat se tekulut tik ne kwajkwawit
- We saw an owl in the trees
Pronoun[edit]
sē
- someone, something, indefinite pronoun
- Walajsik se ina ka metzishmati
- Someone came who said she/he knows you
- Se anmejemet nemi pal yawi pal kikua ne takwal
- One of you has to go to buy the food
- Ne nunan nechmakak se anmupal
- My mom gave me something for you all
Polish[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
se
- (colloquial) oneself, myself, yourself, itself, etc.
- Synonym: sobie
- Daj se z tym spokój.
- Give it a break.
Further reading[edit]
- se in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- se in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Portuguese[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /sɨ/
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /si/
- (South Brazil) IPA(key): /se/
- Hyphenation: se
- Rhymes: -i
Etymology 1[edit]
From Old Portuguese sse, se, from Latin sē, from Proto-Indo-European *swé (reflexive pronoun).
Pronoun[edit]
se m or f
- third-person singular and plural reflexive pronoun; himself; herself; itself; themself; themselves
- Ela se viu no espelho.
- She saw herself in the mirror.
- third-person singular and plural reciprocal pronoun; each other; one another
- Quando eles se conheceram?
- When did they meet (each other)?
- second-person singular and plural reflexive and reciprocal pronoun, when used with second-person pronouns other than tu and vós; yourself; yourselves
- E você se diz um professor!
- And you call yourself a teacher!
- forms the passive voice; be; get
- espantar ― to frighten
- espantar-se ― to get frightened (Literally, “to frighten oneself”)
- Da minha casa se vê o mar.
- The sea can be seen from my house. (Literally, "From my house oneself sees the sea.")
- impersonal reflexive pronoun; oneself
- Vive-se bem em Belém.
- One lives well in Belém. (Literally, *"∅ lives oneself well in Belém.")
Usage notes[edit]
- When the verb precedes se, a hyphen must be used. In Portugal post-verb se is more common, while in Brazil it usually precedes the verb.
- (reflexive and reciprocal): Many verb senses take a reflexive pronoun by default; they are called pronominal verbs. Se must be replaced by me, te, etc. according to the subject.
- comunicar-se (com) ― to communicate (with)
- arrepender-se ― to repent
- Many ergative English verbs are translated by a bare verb for transitive usage and a pronominal one for intransitive:
- O professor acalmou os alunos.
- The teacher calmed the students down.
- O professor acalmou-se.
- The teacher calmed down.
Quotations[edit]
For quotations using this term, see Citations:se.
See also[edit]
See Template:Portuguese personal pronouns for further pronouns.
Etymology 2[edit]
From Old Portuguese se, from Latin sī (“if”).
Alternative forms[edit]
- si (eye dialect)
Conjunction[edit]
se
- if (introduces a condition)
- 2007, J. K. Rowling, Lya Wyler, Harry Potter e as Relíquias da Morte, Rocco, page 317:
- Desculpe, acho que dá mais medo se for meia-noite!
- I'm sorry, I thought it would be more fearsome if it were midnight!}}
- Desculpe, acho que dá mais medo se for meia-noite!
- Se for sair, leve um guarda-chuva.
- If you go out, take an umbrella.
- Só começaremos se nos pagarem.
- We will only begin if they pay us.
- Synonym: caso
- 2007, J. K. Rowling, Lya Wyler, Harry Potter e as Relíquias da Morte, Rocco, page 317:
Quotations[edit]
For quotations using this term, see Citations:se.
Antonyms[edit]
Romanian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Latin sē, from Proto-Indo-European *swé (reflexive pronoun).
Pronunciation[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
se
Related terms[edit]
Romansch[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Etymology[edit]
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Adverb[edit]
se
Rwanda-Rundi[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Bantu *cé.
Noun[edit]
sé 1a (plural bāsé 2a)
Samoan[edit]
Article[edit]
se
- a (singular indefinite article)
See also[edit]
Serbo-Croatian[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
From Proto-Slavic *sę.
Pronoun[edit]
Lua error: not enough memory
- oneself (clitic form of reflexive pronoun)
- Lua error: not enough memory Lua error: not enough memory
- Lua error: not enough memory
- Lua error: not enough memory
- Lua error: not enough memory
- Lua error: not enough memory
Declension[edit]
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | — | — |
genitive | Lua error: not enough memory | Lua error: not enough memory |
dative | Lua error: not enough memory | Lua error: not enough memory |
accusative | Lua error: not enough memory | Lua error: not enough memory |
vocative | — | — |
locative | Lua error: not enough memory | Lua error: not enough memory |
instrumental | Lua error: not enough memory | Lua error: not enough memory |
Etymology 2[edit]
From Lua error: not enough memory.
Particle[edit]
Lua error: not enough memory
- Lua error: not enough memory this is; here is
- 1404, anonymous, Kočerin tablet:
- се лежи вигань милошевиꙉь
- Here lies Viganj Milošević
- се лежи вигань милошевиꙉь
- 1404, anonymous, Kočerin tablet:
Slovene[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Lua error: not enough memory.
Pronunciation[edit]
- Lua error: not enough memory
Pronoun[edit]
Lua error: not enough memory
- oneself: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself (accusative)
- ourselves, yourselves, themselves (accusative)
Inflection[edit]
See Template:sl-decl-ppron for inflection.
Spanish[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
- Lua error: not enough memory
- Lua error: not enough memory Lua error: not enough memory
Etymology 1[edit]
From Lua error: not enough memory, from Lua error: not enough memory.
Pronoun[edit]
Lua error: not enough memory
- Lua error: not enough memory oneself, himself, herself, itself, yourself; each other; one another
- Lua error: not enough memory Lua error: not enough memory and Lua error: not enough memory
- Lua error: not enough memory
- Lua error: not enough memory
- Lua error: not enough memory
Usage notes[edit]
- Lua error: not enough memory Lua error: not enough memory is used as a suffix with verbs in the infinitive and imperative.
Etymology 2[edit]
From Lua error: not enough memory (from Lua error: not enough memory, compare Lua error: not enough memory, Lua error: not enough memory), whose pronunciation shifted from Lua error: not enough memory to Lua error: not enough memory in Early Modern Spanish, at which point it was reanalyzed as Lua error: not enough memory (rather than shifting to Lua error: not enough memory as expected).
Alternative forms[edit]
- Lua error: not enough memory
Pronoun[edit]
Lua error: not enough memory
- Lua error: not enough memory Lua error: not enough memory and Lua error: not enough memory Lua error: not enough memory
- Lua error: not enough memory
See also[edit]
See Appendix:Spanish pronouns for an overview of Spanish pronouns and Template:es-personal pronouns for a pronoun table.
Etymology 3[edit]
Verb[edit]
Lua error: not enough memory
- Lua error: not enough memory
Further reading[edit]
- “se” in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014.
Sranan Tongo[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Borrowed from Lua error: not enough memory.
Noun[edit]
Lua error: not enough memory
- Lua error: not enough memory
Swedish[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Lua error: not enough memory, Lua error: not enough memory, Lua error: not enough memory, from Lua error: not enough memory, Lua error: not enough memory, from Lua error: not enough memory, from Lua error: not enough memory. The final -g of the past tense form was added under influence of the Old Swedish plural form Lua error: not enough memory.
Cognate with Lua error: not enough memory, Lua error: not enough memory and Lua error: not enough memory, Lua error: not enough memory, Lua error: not enough memory and Lua error: not enough memory.
Pronunciation[edit]
- Lua error: not enough memory
Lua error: not enough memoryaudio (file) - Lua error: not enough memory
- Lua error: not enough memory
Verb[edit]
Lua error: not enough memory
- to see; use one's sight
- Lua error: not enough memory
- 1888, August Strindberg, Fröken Julie
- Tvärtom, fröken Julie, som ni ser har jag skyndat uppsöka min övergivna!
- Quite the opposite, miss Julie, as you can see I have rushed to find my abandoned one!
- Tvärtom, fröken Julie, som ni ser har jag skyndat uppsöka min övergivna!
- 1915, John Wahlborg, Stjärnbanér i blågult
- Vad jag sett och hört och känt har helt enkelt överväldigat mig.
- What I have seen and heard and felt has quite simply overwhelmed me.
- Vad jag sett och hört och känt har helt enkelt överväldigat mig.
- to see; to understand
- Lua error: not enough memory
- Lua error: not enough memory
- to see, to visualize; to form a mental picture of
Conjugation[edit]
Lua error: not enough memory
Hypernyms[edit]
- Lua error: not enough memory
Derived terms[edit]
- See Lua error: not enough memory.
Related terms[edit]
- See Lua error: not enough memory.
See also[edit]
- See Lua error: not enough memory.
Anagrams[edit]
- Lua error: not enough memory
Tarantino[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
Lua error: not enough memory
Tocharian A[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Lua error: not enough memory. Cognate with Lua error: not enough memory, Lua error: not enough memory and Lua error: not enough memory.
Noun[edit]
Lua error: not enough memory
See also[edit]
- See Lua error: not enough memory.
Turkish[edit]
Noun[edit]
Lua error: not enough memory
- The name of the Latin-script letter [[S#Lua error: not enough memory|S]].Lua error: not enough memory
Tuvaluan[edit]
Article[edit]
Lua error: not enough memory
- Lua error: not enough memory, Lua error: not enough memory
Veps[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Lua error: not enough memory, from Lua error: not enough memory. Cognates include Lua error: not enough memory and Lua error: not enough memory.
Pronoun[edit]
Lua error: not enough memory
Inflection[edit]
See Template:vep-decl-se for inflection.
Determiner[edit]
Lua error: not enough memory
- that Lua error: not enough memory
Inflection[edit]
See Template:vep-decl-se for inflection.
Derived terms[edit]
- Lua error: not enough memory
References[edit]
- Lua error: not enough memory, Lua error: not enough memory; Lua error: not enough memory, Lua error: not enough memory, Lua error: not enough memory”, in Lua error: not enough memory [Lua error: not enough memory][10], Petrozavodsk: Periodika, 2007
Volapük[edit]
Preposition[edit]
Lua error: not enough memory
Welsh[edit]
Verb[edit]
Lua error: not enough memory
- Lua error: not enough memory Lua error: not enough memory
West Frisian[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
Lua error: not enough memory
- Lua error: not enough memory
Pronoun[edit]
Lua error: not enough memory
- Lua error: not enough memory
Zazaki[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
- Lua error: not enough memory
Adverb[edit]
Lua error: not enough memory
Numeral[edit]
Lua error: not enough memory
- hundred
- Lua error: not enough memory
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual proper nouns
- English terms borrowed from Mandarin
- English terms derived from Mandarin
- English 1-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- en:Musical instruments
- English two-letter words
- Abinomn lemmas
- Abinomn nouns
- Afrikaans terms inherited from Dutch
- Afrikaans terms derived from Dutch
- Afrikaans terms with IPA pronunciation
- Afrikaans lemmas
- Afrikaans particles
- Albanian terms inherited from Proto-Albanian
- Albanian terms derived from Proto-Albanian
- Albanian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Albanian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Albanian 1-syllable words
- Albanian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Albanian lemmas
- Albanian conjunctions
- Bonan terms inherited from Proto-Mongolic
- Bonan terms derived from Proto-Mongolic
- Bonan terms with IPA pronunciation
- Bonan lemmas
- Bonan nouns
- Breton lemmas
- Breton pronouns
- Catalan terms inherited from Latin
- Catalan terms derived from Latin
- Catalan terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Catalan terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Catalan lemmas
- Catalan pronouns
- Catalan personal pronouns
- Central Huasteca Nahuatl terms with IPA pronunciation
- Central Huasteca Nahuatl lemmas
- Central Huasteca Nahuatl numerals
- Central Huasteca Nahuatl cardinal numbers
- Cimbrian terms inherited from Middle High German
- Cimbrian terms derived from Middle High German
- Cimbrian terms inherited from Old High German
- Cimbrian terms derived from Old High German
- Cimbrian terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Cimbrian terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Cimbrian lemmas
- Cimbrian pronouns
- Cimbrian personal pronouns
- Czech terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Czech terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Czech 1-syllable words
- Czech terms with IPA pronunciation
- Czech terms with audio links
- Czech lemmas
- Czech pronouns
- Czech prepositions
- Dalmatian terms inherited from Latin
- Dalmatian terms derived from Latin
- Dalmatian lemmas
- Dalmatian pronouns
- Dalmatian reflexive pronouns
- Danish terms inherited from Old Danish
- Danish terms derived from Old Danish
- Danish terms inherited from Old Norse
- Danish terms derived from Old Norse
- Danish terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Danish terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Danish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Danish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Danish lemmas
- Danish verbs
- Danish class 5 strong verbs
- Dimasa lemmas
- Dimasa numerals
- Esperanto terms borrowed from Italian
- Esperanto terms derived from Italian
- Esperanto terms derived from French
- Esperanto terms derived from Latin
- Esperanto terms with audio links
- Esperanto terms with IPA pronunciation
- Esperanto lemmas
- Esperanto conjunctions
- Esperanto BRO1
- Ewe terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ewe lemmas
- Ewe nouns
- Fala terms inherited from Old Portuguese
- Fala terms derived from Old Portuguese
- Fala terms inherited from Latin
- Fala terms derived from Latin
- Fala terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Fala terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Fala lemmas
- Fala pronouns
- Fala terms with quotations
- Faroese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Faroese lemmas
- Faroese nouns
- Faroese neuter nouns
- fo:Latin letter names
- Fijian lemmas
- Fijian nouns
- Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Uralic
- Finnish terms derived from Proto-Uralic
- Finnish 1-syllable words
- Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Finnish lemmas
- Finnish pronouns
- Finnish colloquialisms
- Finnish dialectal terms
- Finnish determiners
- Finnish demonstrative pronouns
- French terms inherited from Middle French
- French terms derived from Middle French
- French terms inherited from Old French
- French terms derived from Old French
- French terms inherited from Latin
- French terms derived from Latin
- French terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- French 1-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms with audio links
- French terms with homophones
- French lemmas
- French pronouns
- Louisiana French
- French terms with usage examples
- Galician terms inherited from Old Portuguese
- Galician terms derived from Old Portuguese
- Galician terms inherited from Latin
- Galician terms derived from Latin
- Galician lemmas
- Galician conjunctions
- Galician non-lemma forms
- Galician pronoun forms
- Garo lemmas
- Garo nouns
- German Low German terms inherited from Middle Low German
- German Low German terms derived from Middle Low German
- German Low German terms inherited from Old Saxon
- German Low German terms derived from Old Saxon
- German Low German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- German Low German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- German Low German terms with IPA pronunciation
- German Low German lemmas
- German Low German pronouns
- Haitian Creole terms derived from French
- Haitian Creole lemmas
- Haitian Creole verbs
- Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hungarian terms with audio links
- Hungarian lemmas
- Hungarian conjunctions
- Hungarian clitics
- Hungarian two-letter words
- Ido terms derived from Esperanto
- Ido terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ido lemmas
- Ido conjunctions
- Ido nouns
- io:Latin letter names
- Ingrian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Ingrian terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Ingrian terms inherited from Proto-Uralic
- Ingrian terms derived from Proto-Uralic
- Ingrian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ingrian lemmas
- Ingrian pronouns
- Ingrian personal pronouns
- Ingrian demonstrative pronouns
- Ingrian determiners
- Ingrian demonstrative determiners
- Interlingua lemmas
- Interlingua pronouns
- Interlingua terms with usage examples
- Istriot terms inherited from Latin
- Istriot terms derived from Latin
- Istriot lemmas
- Istriot conjunctions
- Italian 1-syllable words
- Italian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Italian terms inherited from Late Latin
- Italian terms derived from Late Latin
- Italian terms inherited from Latin
- Italian terms derived from Latin
- Italian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Italian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Italian lemmas
- Italian conjunctions
- Italian terms with usage examples
- Italian pronouns
- Japanese non-lemma forms
- Japanese romanizations
- Kalasha terms derived from Sanskrit
- Kalasha terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Kalasha terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Kalasha lemmas
- Kalasha pronouns
- Karelian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Karelian terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Karelian terms inherited from Proto-Uralic
- Karelian terms derived from Proto-Uralic
- Karelian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Karelian lemmas
- Karelian determiners
- Karelian demonstrative determiners
- Karelian pronouns
- Karelian personal pronouns
- Karelian demonstrative pronouns
- Kven terms inherited from Finnish
- Kven terms derived from Finnish
- Kven terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Kven terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Kven terms inherited from Proto-Uralic
- Kven terms derived from Proto-Uralic
- Kven terms with IPA pronunciation
- Kven lemmas
- Kven determiners
- Kven demonstrative determiners
- Kven pronouns
- Kven demonstrative pronouns
- Kven personal pronouns
- Ladin terms inherited from Latin
- Ladin terms derived from Latin
- Ladin lemmas
- Ladin pronouns
- Ladin reflexive pronouns
- Lashi terms with IPA pronunciation
- Lashi lemmas
- Lashi verbs
- Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin 1-syllable words
- Latin terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latin terms with Ecclesiastical IPA pronunciation
- Latin terms with audio links
- Latin lemmas
- Latin pronouns
- Latin reflexive pronouns
- Latin terms with usage examples
- Ligurian terms derived from Late Latin
- Ligurian terms derived from Latin
- Ligurian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ligurian lemmas
- Ligurian conjunctions
- Livonian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Livonian terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Livonian terms inherited from Proto-Uralic
- Livonian terms derived from Proto-Uralic
- Livonian lemmas
- Livonian pronouns
- Lower Sorbian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Lower Sorbian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Lower Sorbian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Lower Sorbian lemmas
- Lower Sorbian pronouns
- Luxembourgish 1-syllable words
- Luxembourgish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Luxembourgish lemmas
- Luxembourgish pronouns
- Luxembourgish personal pronouns
- Malay terms inherited from Proto-Malayic
- Malay terms derived from Proto-Malayic
- Malay terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Chamic
- Malay terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Chamic
- Malay terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan
- Malay terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan
- Malay terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Malay terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Malay terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian
- Malay terms derived from Proto-Austronesian
- Malay terms with IPA pronunciation
- Malay lemmas
- Malay numerals
- Malay cardinal numbers
- Atayal cardinal numbers
- Maltese terms inherited from Arabic
- Maltese terms derived from Arabic
- Maltese 1-syllable words
- Maltese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Maltese lemmas
- Maltese particles
- Mandarin non-lemma forms
- Mandarin pinyin
- Mandarin nonstandard forms
- Middle Dutch non-lemma forms
- Middle Dutch pronoun forms
- Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Middle English terms inherited from Old English
- Middle English terms derived from Old English
- Middle English lemmas
- Middle English adverbs
- Middle English nouns
- Middle English pronouns
- Middle French terms inherited from Old French
- Middle French terms derived from Old French
- Middle French terms inherited from Latin
- Middle French terms derived from Latin
- Middle French lemmas
- Middle French pronouns
- Middle French reflexive pronouns
- Middle French terms with usage examples
- Middle Low German terms inherited from Old Saxon
- Middle Low German terms derived from Old Saxon
- Middle Low German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Middle Low German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Middle Low German terms with IPA pronunciation
- Middle Low German lemmas
- Middle Low German pronouns
- Neapolitan terms inherited from Latin
- Neapolitan terms derived from Latin
- Neapolitan terms with IPA pronunciation
- Neapolitan lemmas
- Neapolitan pronouns
- West Frisian terms inherited from Old Frisian
- West Frisian terms derived from Old Frisian
- West Frisian terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- West Frisian terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- North Frisian terms with IPA pronunciation
- North Frisian lemmas
- North Frisian verbs
- Sylt North Frisian
- Northern Kurdish terms inherited from Proto-Iranian
- Northern Kurdish terms derived from Proto-Iranian
- Northern Kurdish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Northern Kurdish terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Northern Kurdish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Northern Kurdish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Northern Kurdish lemmas
- Northern Kurdish nouns
- Norwegian Bokmål terms inherited from Old Norse
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Old Norse
- Norwegian Bokmål terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Norwegian Bokmål terms with audio links
- Norwegian Bokmål lemmas
- Norwegian Bokmål verbs
- Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old English lemmas
- Old English articles
- Old English terms with usage examples
- Old English terms with quotations
- Old English determiners
- Old English pronouns
- Old French terms inherited from Latin
- Old French terms derived from Latin
- Old French lemmas
- Old French pronouns
- Old French conjunctions
- Old Frisian lemmas
- Old Frisian pronouns
- Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Irish lemmas
- Old Irish determiners
- Old Saxon terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old Saxon terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old Saxon terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Saxon lemmas
- Old Saxon articles
- Old Saxon terms with usage examples
- Pennsylvania German terms with IPA pronunciation
- Pennsylvania German lemmas
- Pennsylvania German pronouns
- Phalura terms with IPA pronunciation
- Phalura lemmas
- Phalura determiners
- Phalura pronouns
- Pilagá lemmas
- Pilagá pronouns
- Pilagá terms with usage examples
- Pipil terms inherited from Proto-Uto-Aztecan
- Pipil terms derived from Proto-Uto-Aztecan
- Pipil terms with IPA pronunciation
- Pipil lemmas
- Pipil numerals
- Pipil terms with usage examples
- Pipil articles
- Pipil pronouns
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Polish lemmas
- Polish pronouns
- Polish colloquialisms
- Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Portuguese terms with homophones
- Portuguese 1-syllable words
- Portuguese terms inherited from Old Portuguese
- Portuguese terms derived from Old Portuguese
- Portuguese terms inherited from Latin
- Portuguese terms derived from Latin
- Portuguese terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Portuguese terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Portuguese lemmas
- Portuguese pronouns
- Portuguese terms with usage examples
- Portuguese conjunctions
- Portuguese terms with multiple etymologies
- Romanian terms inherited from Latin
- Romanian terms derived from Latin
- Romanian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Romanian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Romanian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Romanian lemmas
- Romanian pronouns
- Romansch lemmas
- Romansch adverbs
- Sutsilvan Romansch
- Surmiran Romansch
- Rwanda-Rundi terms inherited from Proto-Bantu
- Rwanda-Rundi terms derived from Proto-Bantu
- Rwanda-Rundi lemmas
- Rwanda-Rundi nouns
- Rwanda-Rundi class 1a nouns
- rw:Family
- Samoan lemmas
- Samoan articles
- Serbo-Croatian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- xto:Family