se

See also: σε and Appendix:Variations of "se"

Translingual

Abbreviation

se

1. (ISO country codes) Sweden

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Afrikaans

Alternative forms

• syn (obsolete)

Etymology

From Dutch z'n, unstressed form of zijn (“his, its”). Compare sy, which originates from the stressed form.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /s‌ə/

Particle

se

1. 's (follows a noun to indicate that the noun possesses whatever noun follows se)

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Albanian

Etymology

From Proto-Albanian *tśe(i), *tśi from Proto-Indo-European *kwe-, *kw(e)i- 'how, what'. Interrogative and relative pronoun, especially in connection with a preposition.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sɛ/

Conjunction

se

1. that as, when

   Më duket se ke nevojë për disa shokë të rinj.

   It seems to me that you need some new friends.

   Im vëlla më tha se don të bisedojë me ty rreth librit të ri.

   My brother told me that he wants to talk to you about the new book.

Related terms

• si
• sa

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Breton

Pronoun

se

1. that, this

   Petra eo se? ― What's that?

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Catalan

Etymology

From Latin sē.

Pronoun

se (enclitic, contracted 's, proclitic es, contracted proclitic s')

1. himself, herself, itself (direct or indirect object)
2. oneself (direct or indirect object)
3. themselves (direct or indirect object)
4. each other (direct or indirect object)

Declension

Catalan personal pronouns and clitics

	strong/subject	weak (direct object)		weak (indirect object)		possessive
singular		proclitic	enclitic	proclitic	enclitic
1st person	jo, mi2	em, m’	-me, ’m	em, m’	-me, ’m	meu
2nd person	tu	et, t’	-te, ’t	et, t’	-te, ’t	teu
2nd person formal4	vós	us	-vos, -us	us	-vos, -us	vostre
2nd person  very formal1	vostè	el, l’	-lo, ’l	li	-li	seu
3rd person masculine	ell	el, l’	-lo, ’l	li	-li	seu
3rd person feminine	ella	la, l’3	-la	li	-li	seu
3rd person neuter		ho	-ho	li	-li	seu
3rd person reflexive	si	es, s’	-se, ’s	es, s’	-se, ’s	seu
plural
1st person	nosaltres	ens	-nos, ’ns	ens	-nos, ’ns	nostre
2nd person	vosaltres	us	-vos, -us	us	-vos, -us	vostre
2nd person formal1	vostès	els	-los, ’ls	els	-los, ’ls	seu
3rd person masculine	ells	els	-los, ’ls	els	-los, ’ls	seu
3rd person feminine	elles	les	-les	els	-los, ’ls	seu
3rd person reflexive	si	es, s’	-se, ’s	es, s’	-se, ’s	seu
adverbial
ablative/genitive		en, n’	-ne, ’n
locative		hi	-hi
1) Behaves grammatically as third person. 2) Only as object of a preposition.			3) Not before unstressed (h)i-, (h)u-. 4) Behaves grammatically as second person plural.

Usage notes

The use of se and other direct personal pronouns can indicate the passive in Catalan.

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Czech

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *sę.

Pronunciation

• audio

  (file)

Pronoun

se (reflexive pronoun)

1. myself
2. yourself
3. himself
4. herself
5. itself
6. ourselves
7. yourselves
8. themselves
9. oneself

Declension

Declension of se

	singular
nominative	-
genitive	sebe
dative	sobě, si
accusative	sebe, se
vocative	-
locative	sobě
instrumental	sebou

Synonyms

• sebe

Related terms

• si

Preposition

se (also s)

1. with

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Dalmatian

Etymology

From Latin sē.

Pronoun

se

1. (reflexive) oneself

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Danish

Etymology

From Old Danish se, from Old Norse sjá, from Proto-Germanic *sehwaną, from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“to see, notice”). Compare Norwegian and Swedish se, Icelandic sjá.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /seː/, [seːˀ]

Verb

se (imperative se, infinitive at se, present tense ser, past tense så, past participle har/er set)

1. To see.

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Esperanto

Etymology

From Italian se, influenced by French si, Spanish si, and Latin sī.

Conjunction

se

1. if

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Ewe

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sɛ/

Noun

se (plural sewo)

1. law

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Fala

Alternative forms

• si

Etymology

From Old Portuguese se, sse, from Latin sē, from Proto-Indo-European *se-.

Pronoun

se

1. used for passive constructions with transitive verbs and undetermined agent (equivalent to one)
   • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme II, Chapter 2: Recunquista:

     Non poemos analizar con pormenoris estis siglos, pero tampoco se debi toleral que, sin fundamentus, se poña en duda algo que a Historia documentá nos lega sobre nossa terra.

     We can’t thoroughly analyse these centuries, but one mustn’t tolerate that, unfoundedly, something documented history tells us about our land be questioned.

2. reflexive and reciprocal: oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves, yourself; each other, one another
   • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Anexu: A Porcá:

     Cumían algu de herba por camiñus, se bañaban i os devulvían a casa por as tardis.

     They ate some pasture along the way, bathed themselves and were returned to their home in the afternoon.

Synonyms

• (reflexive): -si

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Finnish

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: se
• Rhymes: -e
• IPA^(key): [se]

Pronoun

se (stem se-, also si-, and sii-, see below)

1. (demonstrative) it; (when the speaker does not point at the thing) that.
2. (colloquial and dialectal) he, she.
3. (colloquial) the (see the usage notes below).

Inflection

Irregular.

Declension of se noun case singular plural adverbial form singular plural nominative se ne superessive siellä – genitive sen niiden, niitten delative sieltä – partitive sitä niitä sublative sinne – accusative se, sen ne lative siis – inessive siinä niissä temporal silloin – elative siitä niistä causative siten – illative siihen niihin multiplicative – – adessive sillä niillä distributive – – ablative siltä niiltä temp. dist. – – allative sille niille prolative – – essive sinä niinä situative – – translative siksi niiksi oppositive – – instructive – (niin) abessive – (niittä) comitative – niine

Usage notes

• Due to the influence of Germanic languages, and nowadays especially to that of English, se may often be used as a kind of definite article in colloquial Finnish, though in standard Finnish it is ungrammatical, where word order expresses whether something is definite or indefinite. (Compare the usage of yksi.)

(standard) Mies tuli luokseni. → (colloquial) Se mies tuli mun luokse.

The man came to me.

(standard) Luokseni tuli mies. → (colloquial) Yks mies tuli mun luokse.

A man came to me.

Derived terms

• se ja se
• se siitä
• sellainen
• sen koommin
• sen pituinen se

See also

• tämä
• tuo
• nämä
• nuo
• ne

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French

Etymology

From Latin sē.

Pronunciation

• audio

  (file)

• IPA^(key): /sə/
• Rhymes: -ə
• Homophone: ce

Pronoun

se m, f (pre-vocalic s')

1. The third-person reflexive and reciprocal direct and indirect object pronoun.
   1. (to) himself
   2. (to) herself
   3. (to) oneself
   4. (to) themself
   5. (to) themselves
   6. (to) each other

Usage notes

• Se becomes s' before a vowel or unaspirated h, and sometimes, in nonstandard writing, in other cases where the e would be silent, e.g. in lyrics.
• Se is often used with an actual subject, but it is also very often used with an abstract subject:

  Il est normal de se parler. ― It is normal to talk to oneself.

See also

• The other reflexive and reciprocal direct and indirect object pronouns: me, m', te, t', nous, vous.
• The third-person reflexive and reciprocal disjunctive pronoun: soi.

Related terms

French personal pronouns

Number	Person	Gender	Nominative (subject)	Reflexive	Accusative (direct complement)	Dative (indirect complement)	Locative (at)	Genitive (of)	Disjunctive (tonic)
Singular	First	—	je, j’	me, m’			—	—	moi
	Second	—	tu, t’	te, t’			—	—	toi
	Third	Masculine	il	se, s’	le, l’	lui	y	en	lui
		Feminine	elle		la, l’				elle
		—	on		—	—	—	—	soi
Plural	First	—	nous	nous			—	—	nous
	Second	—	vous	vous			—	—	vous
	Third	Masculine	ils	se, s’	les	leur	y	en	eux
		Feminine	elles						elles

Derived terms

• s'en aller

Anagrams

• es, ès

External links

• "se" in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

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Galician

Etymology 1

From Latin sē, ablative and accusative pronoun form.

Pronoun

se reflexive, sg and pl

1. himself, herself, itself (reflexive singular third-person personal pronoun)
2. themselves (reflexive plural third-person personal pronoun)

Usage notes

The form se is the reflexive pronoun only when used as a direct or indirect object. The prepositional object reflexive form is si.

Related terms

• si

Etymology 2

From Latin sī.

Conjunction

se

1. if

See also

• Appendix:Galician pronouns
• consigo

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Haitian Creole

Etymology

From French c'est (“it is”)

Verb

se

1. to be
2. that is (compare French c'est)
3. it is (compare French c'est)

Usage notes

• Use ye at the end of a clause.
• This word does not appear when the predicate is an adjective or prepositional phrase, except when the preposition in the prepositional phrase is pou (“for”) or tankou (“like”).

References

• [1]

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Hungarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈʃɛ/

• Audio

  (file)

Conjunction

se

1. neither

Derived terms

• (Compound words): semennyi
• (Expressions): se füle, se farka

See also

• sem

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Ido

Etymology

From Esperanto se.

Conjunction

se

1. if

   La klerko komencus laborar se ilu povus. ― The clerk would begin to work if he could.

   Se me povus, me komprus altra domo. ― If I could, I would buy another house.

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Interlingua

Pronoun

se (third person)

1. Reflexive: oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves.

   Illa se videva in le speculo. ― She saw herself in the mirror.

2. Reciprocal: each other, one another.

   Quando illes se cognosceva? ― When did they meet (each other)?

3. Used for passive constructions with undetermined agent (translated by "one").

   De mi casa se vide le mar. ― From my house the sea is seen. (Literally, “...the sea sees itself.”)

4. Hence, used for expressions of the type "to get/become ...-ed".

   espaventar — “to frighten”; espaventar se = "to get frightened" (lit., "to frighten oneself")

Usage notes

• (reflexive, reciprocal, oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves, each other, one another): Many verbs bear a reflexive pronoun by default. Se must be replaced by me, te, etc., according to the subject.

  infiltrar se — “to infiltrate”

  repentir se — “to repent”

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Istriot

Conjunction

se

1. if
   • 1877, Antonio Ive, Canti popolari istriani: raccolti a Rovigno, volume 5, Ermanno Loescher, page 99:

     Biela, se ti vedissi li galiere,

     Beautiful one, if you saw the galleys,

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Italian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [se]
• Rhymes: -e

Etymology 1

From Late Latin se, from Latin si.

Conjunction

se

1. if

   Se non è vero, è ben trovato.

   If it is not true, it is a good story.

2. whether
3. if only

Derived terms

• se non
• se non che

Etymology 2

Pronoun

se

1. alternative form of sé

Usage notes

• Used especially when combined with verbs or other pronouns.
• Becomes si when used as part of a reflexive verb.

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Japanese

Romanization

se

1. rōmaji reading of せ
2. rōmaji reading of セ

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Kurdish

Alternative forms

• seg (Sorani)

Etymology

From West Iranian *spaka "dog-like, relating to dogs" (compare Median σπάκα (“dog”), Persian سگ (sag), and Old Armenian ասպակ (aspak, “dog”), a borrowing from Median), from Proto-Iranian (compare Avestan 𐬯𐬞𐬁 (spā), Pashto سپۍ (spəy)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian (compare Sanskrit श्वन् (śvā́)), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ.

Noun

se ?

1. (Kurmanji) dog

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Kven

Pronoun

se

1. (personal) he, she, it

Synonyms

• hän

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Ladin

Pronoun

se

1. (indefinite) one, you, we, they, people. Note: often translated using the passive voice in English.
2. (reflexive) oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves; (reciprocal) each other, one another. Note: With some verbs, si is not translated in English.

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Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *swé (reflexive pronoun).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /seː/

• Audio (Classical)

  (file)

Pronoun

sē

1. the accusative of the reflexive pronoun meaning himself, herself, itself, themselves

   Sē amat.

   He loves himself.

   Necessario sē aperiunt.

   They were forced to open themselves.

   In marī sē praecipitāvit.

   He drowned himself in the sea.

2. the ablative of the reflexive pronoun meaning by himself, by herself, by itself, by themselves

Usage notes

• There is little distinction made between the accusative forms sē and sēsē as the two forms are being used indifferently except that sēsē is preferred where emphasis is intended (especially in reference to a preceding ipse, or at the beginning or the end of a clause).

Inflection

Personal pronoun declension.

Singular	First-person	Second-person	Reflexive
nominative	egō	tū	—
genitive	meī	tuī	suī
dative	mihi	tibi	sibi
accusative	mē	tē	sē, sēsē
ablative	mē	tē	sē, sēsē
vocative	egō	tū	—
possessive	meus	tuus	suus
Plural	First-person	Second-person	Reflexive
nominative	nōs	vōs	—
genitive	nostrī, nostrum	vestrī, vestrum	suī
dative	nōbīs	vōbīs	sibi
accusative	nōs	vōs	sē, sēsē
ablative	nōbīs	vōbīs	sē, sēsē
vocative	nōs	vōs	—
possessive	noster	vester, voster	suus

Derived terms

• inter sē
• per sē
• sēcum

Descendants

• Aromanian: se
• Catalan: se
• Dalmatian: se
• French: se, soi
• Galician: se

• Italian: sé
• Occitan: se
• Portuguese: se
• Romanian: se, sine
• Spanish: se

See also

Latin personal pronouns

Number	Person	Gender	Nominative	Genitive	Dative	Accusative	Ablative	Possessive
Singular	First	—	ego	meī	mihi	mē		meus, -a, -um
	Second	—	tū	tuī	tibi	tē		tuus, -a, -um
	Reflexive Third	—	—	suī	sibi	sē, sēsē		suus, -a, -um
	Third	Masculine	is	eius	eī	eum	eō	eius
		Feminine	ea			eam	eā
		Neuter	id			id	eō
Plural	First	—	nōs	nostrī, nostrum	nōbīs	nōs	nōbīs	noster, -tra, -trum
	Second	—	vōs	vestrī, vestrum	vōbīs	vōs	vōbīs	vester, -tra, -trum
	Reflexive Third	—	—	suī	sibi	sē, sēsē		suus, -a, -um
	Third	Masculine	eī, iī	eōrum	eīs	eōs	eīs	eōrum
		Feminine	eae	eārum		eās		eārum
		Neuter	ea	eōrum		ea		eōrum

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Lojban

Cmavo

se (rafsi sel)

1. exchanges the x₁ and x₂ sumti of the following brivla

   mi se viska la djan. ― I am seen by John.

2. indicates that the object of a preposition fills x2 of its corresponding brivla

   ti cukta se bau la oDET. ― This is a book in Odette's language.

3. reverses the two clauses connected by a logical conjunction

   mi klama le zarci se.u le ckule ― I go to the school whether or not the store.

See also

• te
• ve
• xe

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Low German

Etymology

Cognate to German sie, Dutch zij and ze.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ze/

Pronoun

se

1. she

   Se is Anke.

   She is Anke (Annie).

Pronoun

se

1. they

   Se kaamt ut Bremen.

   They come from Bremen.

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Lower Sorbian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *sę.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [sɛ]

Pronoun

se

1. myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves, oneself
2. each other, one another
3. used to form passives

Derived terms

• se wě

References

• se in Manfred Starosta (1999): Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag.

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Luxembourgish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /zə/

Pronoun

se

1. unstressed form of si

Declension

Luxembourgish personal pronouns

	nominative		accusative		dative		reflexive
	str.	unstr.	str.	unstr.	str.	unstr.
1st person singular	ech	—	mech	—	mir	mer	mech
2nd person singular (informal)	du	de	dech	—	dir	der	dech
2nd person singular (formal)	Dir	—	Iech	—	Iech	—	Iech
3rd person singular (m)	hien	en	en	—	him	em	sech
3rd person singular (f)	si / hatt	se / et	si / hatt	se / et	hir / him	— / em	sech
3rd person singular (n)	et	't	et	't	him	em	sech
1st person plural	mir	mer	eis / ons	—	eis / ons	—	eis / ons
2nd person plural	dir	der	iech	—	iech	—	iech
3rd person plural	si	—	si	—	hinnen	–	sech

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Malay

Malay cardinal numbers

0	1	2
Cardinal : se

Etymology

Shortened form of esa, from Proto-Malayic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *əsa, from Proto-Sunda-Sulawesi *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa.

Alternative forms

• esa
• ĕsă
• sĕ (sĕ-)
• sa (sa-)
• să (să-)
• اسا
• س (س-)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sə/
• Rhymes: -sə, -ə

Numeral

se (Jawi spelling س)

1. (cardinal) one

Derived terms

• se- / س-

Synonyms

• satu / ساتو
• tunggal / توڠݢل
• eka (eka-) / ايک (ايک-)
• ahad / احد

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Mandarin

Romanization

se

1. Nonstandard spelling of sè.

Usage notes

• English transcriptions of Mandarin speech often fail to distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without the appropriate indication of tone.

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Middle English

Adverb

se

1. so

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Neapolitan

Etymology

From Latin sē

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /se/
• Rhymes: -e

Pronoun

se

1. reflexive third person pronoun: oneself, himself, itself, herself, themselves etc.

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Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Old Norse sjá, from Proto-Germanic *sehwaną, from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“to see, notice”). Compare Danish and Swedish se, Icelandic sjá.

Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

Verb

se

1. To see (perceive with eyes).

Conjugation

    Conjugation of se in Bokmål

Infinitive active	se
Infinitive passive	ses/sees
Present active	ser
Present passive	ses
Past	så
Present participle	seende
Past participle	sett
Imperative	se

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Novial

Pronoun

se

1. (reflexive) himself; herself; itself; themselves

Usage notes

• Used only for the third person.

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Old English

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *sa, from Proto-Indo-European *só. Cognate with Old Saxon sē, Old Norse sá, Gothic 𐍃𐌰 (sa), Ancient Greek ὁ (ho). See also feminine forms under sēo.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /se/

Article

se m (definite)

1. the

   se mona.

   the moon.

Adjective

sē (demonstrative)

1. that, those

   Þone ræd gerædde Widsið.

   Widsith gave that advice.

Pronoun

sē m (demonstrative pronoun)

1. he, it, that

   Þa ne sacað.

   They do not quarrel.

Usage notes

• (he, it, that): se is normally read as sē when used pronominally.

Declension

	Singular			Plural
	m	n	f
nominative	sē	þæt	sēo	þā
accusative	þone	þæt	þā	þā
genitive	þæs	þæs	þǣre	þāra, þǣra
dative	þǣm, þām	þǣm, þām	þǣre	þǣm, þām
instrumental	þȳ, þī, þon

See also

• Feminine: sēo
• Neuter: þæt

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Old French

Etymology 1

From Latin sē (“himself, herself, itself”), accusative of reflexive pronoun.

Pronoun

se m, f (invariable)

1. oneself

Descendants

• French: se

Etymology 2

From Latin si.

Conjunction

se

1. if

Descendants

• French: si

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Old Frisian

Pronoun

se

1. she
2. they

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Old Irish

Determiner

se

1. Alternative spelling of so

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Old Saxon

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /seːo̯/

Etymology

Representing the Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun *siā, *sā, adapted in West Germanic as the definite article by analogy with the t- stem forms (Old Saxon that). Cognate with Old English seo, Old Norse sú, Gothic 𐍃𐍉 (sō), Ancient Greek ἡ (hē).

Article

sē m (demonstrative)

1. definite article: the

   sē māno ― the moon

2. demonstrative adjective: that, those

   Hē gaf thē gift. ― He gave that gift.

Declension

Declension of sē

	Singular			Plural
	Masculine	Neuter	Feminine
nominative	sē	that	sīu	thē
accusative	than	that	thē	thē
genitive	thēs	thēs	thēra	thēra
dative	thēm	thēm	thēra	thēm
instrumental	thiu, thia, thuo, thuru

See also

• Feminine: siu
• Neuter: that

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Pilagá

Pronoun

se

1. I

   se-take ― I want

References

• 2001, Alejandra Vidal, quoted in Subordination in Native South-American Languages

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Portuguese

Pronunciation

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /sɨ/
• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /si/
  • Homophone: si
• (South Brazil) IPA^(key): /se/
  • Homophone: cê
• Hyphenation: se

Etymology 1

From Old Portuguese sse, se, from Latin sē, Proto-Indo-European *se- (reflexive pronoun).

Pronoun

se m, f (third person, including ‘você’ and ‘vocês’)

1. Reflexive and reciprocal: oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves, yourself; each other, one another.

   Ela se viu no espelho. — “She saw herself in the mirror.”

   E você se diz um professor! — “And you call yourself a teacher!”

   Quando eles se conheceram? — “When did they meet (each other)?”

2. Used for passive constructions with transitive verbs and undetermined agent (usually translated with one).

   Da minha casa se vê o mar. — “From my house the sea is seen.” (Literally, “...the sea sees itself.”)

3. Hence, used for expressions of the type "to get/become ...-ed".

   espantar = "to frighten"; espantar-se = "to get frightened" (lit. "to frighten oneself")

4. It also developed to a form of undetermined subject for intransitive verbs (usually translated with "one").

   Vive-se bem em Belém. — “One lives well in Belém.” (Literally, *“∅ lives oneself well in Belém.”)

Usage notes

• When the verb precedes se, a hyphen must be used. In Portugal post-verb se is more common, while in Brazil it usually precedes the verb.
• (Reflexive, reciprocal, oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves, yourself; each other, one another): Many verbs bear a reflexive pronoun by default; they are called pronominal verbs. Se must be replaced by me, te, etc. according to the subject.

  comunicar-se (com) — “to communicate (with)”

  arrepender-se — “to repent”.

See also

Portuguese personal pronouns (edit)
Number	Person	Nominative (subject)		Objective (direct object)		Objective (indirect object)	Prepositional		Prepositional with com		Non-declining
		m	f	m	f	m and f	m	f	m	f	m	f
Singular	First	eu		me			mim		comigo
	Second	tu		te			ti		contigo		você
											o senhor	a senhora
	Third	ele	ela	o (lo, no)	a (la, na)	lhe	ele	ela	com ele	com ela	o mesmo	a mesma
				se (reflexive)			si (reflexive)		consigo (reflexive)
Plural	First	nós		nos			nós		connosco (Portugal) conosco (Brazil)		a gente
	Second	vós		vos			vós		convosco		vocês
											os senhores	as senhoras
	Third	eles	elas	os (los, nos)	as (las, nas)	lhes	eles	elas	com eles	com elas	os mesmos	as mesmas
				se (reflexive)			si (reflexive)		consigo (reflexive)
Indefinite				se (reflexive)			si (reflexive)		consigo (reflexive)

Etymology 2

From Old Portuguese se, from Latin sī (“if”).

Conjunction

se

1. if
   • 2007, J. K. Rowling, Lya Wyler, Harry Potter e as Relíquias da Morte, Rocco, page 317:

     Desculpe, acho que dá mais medo se for meia-noite!

     I'm sorry, I thought it would be more fearsome if it were midnight!

Synonyms

• caso

Antonyms

• caso contrário, senão

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Romanian

Etymology

From Latin sē.

Pronoun

se

1. (reflexive pronoun) oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves

Related terms

• sine

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Romansch

Alternative forms

• (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan) si
• (Sutsilvan, Surmiran) sen
• (Puter, Vallader) sü

Adverb

se

1. (Sutsilvan, Surmiran) up, upward, upwards

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Samoan

Article

se

1. a (singular indefinite article)

See also

• le

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Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *sę.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /se/

Pronoun

se (Cyrillic spelling се)

1. oneself (clitic form of reflexive pronoun)
   1. myself
   2. yourself
   3. himself
   4. herself
   5. itself
   6. ourselves
   7. yourselves
   8. themselves

Declension

    declension of se

	singular	plural
nominative	-	-
genitive	sȅbe, se	sȅbe
dative	sȅbi, si	sȅbi
accusative	sȅbe, se	sȅbe
vocative	-	-
locative	sȅbi	sȅbi
instrumental	sȍbōm	sȍbom

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Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *sę.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sɛ/
• Tonal orthography: se

Pronoun

se

1. oneself: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself (accusative)
2. ourselves, yourselves, themselves (accusative)

Declension

Declension of se (irregular, suppletive)

singular
	1st person	2nd person	reflexive
nominative	jàz	tí	—
accusative	méne, me	tébe, te	sébe, se
genitive	méne, me	tébe, te	sébe, se
dative	méni, mi	tébi, ti	sébi, si
locative	méni	tébi	sébi
instrumental	menój, máno	tebój, tábo	sebój, sábo
possessive	mój	tvój	svój
dual
	1st person	2nd person	reflexive
nominative	mídva m, médve/mídve f, n	vídva m, védve/vídve f, n	—
accusative	náju	váju	sébe, se
genitive	náju	váju	sébe, se
dative	náma	váma	sébi, si
locative	náju	váju	sébi
instrumental	náma	váma	sebój, sábo
possessive	nájin	vájin	svój
plural
	1st person	2nd person	reflexive
nominative	mí m, mé f, n	ví m, vé f, n	—
accusative	nàs	vàs	sébe, se
genitive	nàs	vàs	sébe, se
dative	nàm	vàm	sébi, si
locative	nàs	vàs	sébi
instrumental	nàmi	vàmi	sebój, sábo
possessive	nàš	vàš	svój

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Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /se/, [se̞]
• Homophone: sé

Etymology

From Latin sē.

Pronoun

se m, f (third person, including ‘usted’ and ‘ustedes’)

1. Third person (also used for usted and ustedes) reflexive direct or indirect object; oneself, himself, herself, itself, yourself; each other; one another
2. Used to form the passive voice in the third person (also used for usted and ustedes).

   ¿Cómo se llama? — “What is your name?” (Literally, “How are you called?”)

3. Used to form impersonal sentences.

   Se dice que... — “It is said that...”

4. Used instead of indirect object pronouns le and les before the direct object pronouns lo, la, los, or las.

   El samaritano se las dio. — “The Samaritan gave them to him.”

See also

Spanish personal pronouns

				nominative	dative	accusative	disjunctive
first person	singular			yo	me		mí1
	plural	masc.		nosotros	nos		nosotros
		fem.		nosotras			nosotras
second person	singular	tuteo		tú	te		ti1
		voseo		vos			vos
		formal2		usted	le	lo/la	usted
	plural	familiar3	masc	vosotros	os		vosotros
			fem.	vosotras			vosotras
		formal/general2		ustedes	les	los/las	ustedes
third person	singular	masc.		él	le	lo	él
		fem.		ella		la	ella
		neut.		ello		lo/la4	ello
	plural	masc.		ellos	les	los	ellos
		fem.		ellas		las	ellas
	sing. & pl.	reflexive		—	se		sí1

Like other masculine Spanish words, masculine Spanish pronouns can be used when the gender of the subject is unknown or when the subject is plural and of mixed gender.
¹ Not used after con; conmigo, contigo, and consigo are used instead, respectively
² Use the third-person reflexive pronouns when appropriate
³ Used only in Spain
⁴ Depending on the implicit gender of the subject being referred to

Usage notes

• (third person (and used for ‘usted’ and ‘ustedes’) reflexive): Se is used as a suffix with verbs in the infinitive and imperative.
• (passive voice): Se often conveys the passive voice without any literally reflexive connotation:

  Aquí se habla español — Spanish is spoken here or They speak Spanish here.

Verb

se (main verb saber)

1. Misspelling of sé.

See also

• Appendix:Spanish pronouns

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Swedish

Etymology

From Old Swedish sē, sēa, sia, from Old Norse séa, sjá, from Proto-Germanic *sehwaną, from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“to see, notice”). Cognate with Danish se, Norwegian Nynorsk sjå and Icelandic sjá, English see, German sehen and Dutch zien.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /seː/

• audio

  (file)

Verb

se

1. to see; use one's sight
   • 1888, August Strindberg, Fröken Julie

     Tvärtom, fröken Julie, som ni ser har jag skyndat uppsöka min övergivna!

     Quite the opposite, miss Julie, as you can see I have rushed to find my abandonned one!

   • 1915, John Wahlborg, Stjärnbanér i blågult

     Vad jag sett och hört och känt har helt enkelt överväldigat mig.

     What I have seen and heard and felt has quite simply overwhelmed me.

2. to see; to understand

   Jag ser inte hur det skulle kunna vara möjligt.

   I don't see how that could be possible.

3. to see; to form a mental picture of

Conjugation

Conjugation of se

	Active	Passive
Infinitive	se	ses
Present tense	ser	ses
Past tense	såg	sågs
Supine	sett	setts
Imperative	se	—
Present participle	seende
Past participle	sedd

Hypernyms

• förnimma

Related terms

• höra
• lukta
• smaka
• känna

Derived terms

• avse
• bortse
• frånse
• inse
• se an / se något an
• se efter
• se på
• se ut
• se till
• tillse
• återse
• överse

Synonyms

use one's sight

• titta
• kolla
• stirra

understand

• förstå
• fatta
• begripa

See also

• syn
• sikt

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Tarantino

Pronoun

se (impersonal, reflexive)

1. it
2. one

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Tocharian A

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *suHyús. Cognate with Tocharian B soy, Old Armenian ուստր (ustr) and Ancient Greek υἱύς (huiús).

Noun

se m

1. son

See also

• ckācar
• pācar
• mācar
• pracar
• ṣar

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Turkish

Noun

se

1. The name of the Latin-script letter S/s.

See also

• (Latin script letter names) harf; a, be, ce, çe, de, e, fe, ge, yumuşak ge, he, ı, i, je, ke, le, me, ne, o, ö, pe, re, se, şe, te, u, ü, ve, ye, ze ^{(Category: tr:Latin letter names)}

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Tuvaluan

Article

se (indefinite article)

1. a, an

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Volapük

Preposition

se

1. out of

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Welsh

Verb

se

1. (colloquial) Contraction of basai.

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West Frisian

Pronoun

se

1. she
2. they

Synonyms

• hja
• sy

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Zazaki

Adverb

se

1. what

Noun

se

1. dative singular of is

Conjunction

se

1. if