se

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See also: σε and Appendix:Variations of "se"

Translingual[edit]

Proper noun[edit]

se

  1. (ISO country codes) Sweden

English[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Mandarin 瑟 (sè).

Pronunciation[edit]

Phonetik.svg This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with enPR or the IPA then please add some!

Noun[edit]

se (plural ses)

  1. (music) A type of ancient Chinese plucked zither.

Translations[edit]

Anagrams[edit]

Abinomn[edit]

Noun[edit]

se

  1. cloud

Afrikaans[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

  • s'n (used without a following noun)
  • syn (obsolete)

Etymology[edit]

From Dutch zijn (“his, its”). An Afrikaans innovation is the use of se regardless of the number or gender of the possessor, which may be due to a merger with the Dutch genitive suffix -s.

Pronunciation[edit]

Particle[edit]

se

  1. follows a noun to indicate that this noun possesses that which follows, much like English 's
    Dis my ouma se huis.
    This is my grandmother’s house.

Albanian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Albanian *tśe(i), *tśi from Proto-Indo-European *kwe-, *kw(e)i- (“how, what”). Interrogative and relative pronoun, especially in connection with a preposition.

Pronunciation[edit]

Conjunction[edit]

se

  1. that as, when
    Më duket se ke nevojë për disa shokë të rinj.
    It seems to me that you need some new friends.
    Im vëlla më tha se don të bisedojë me ty rreth librit të ri.
    My brother told me that he wants to talk to you about the new book.

Related terms[edit]

Bonan[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Mongolic *usun.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

se

  1. water

References[edit]

  • Üjiyediin Chuluu (Chaolu Wu) (November 1994), “Introduction, Grammar, and Sample Sentences for Baoan”, in (Please provide the title of the work)‎[1], Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
  • Henry G. Schwarz, The Minorities of Northern China: A Survey (1984), page 140: 'water' Daur os

Breton[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

se

  1. that, this
    Petra eo se? ― What's that?

Catalan[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Latin sē, from Proto-Indo-European *swé (reflexive pronoun).

Pronoun[edit]

se (enclitic, contracted 's, proclitic es, contracted proclitic s')

  1. himself, herself, itself (direct or indirect object)
  2. oneself (direct or indirect object)
  3. themselves (direct or indirect object)
  4. each other (direct or indirect object)

Usage notes[edit]

The use of se and other direct personal pronouns can indicate the passive in Catalan.

Declension[edit]

Catalan personal pronouns and clitics
strong/subject weak (direct object) weak (indirect object) possessive
singular proclitic enclitic proclitic enclitic
1st person jo, mi3 em, m’ -me, ’m em, m’ -me, ’m meu
1st person majestic1 nós ens -nos, ’ns ens -nos, ’ns nostre
2nd person tu et, t’ -te, ’t et, t’ -te, ’t teu
2nd person formal1 vós us -vos, -us us -vos, -us vostre
2nd person very formal2 vostè el, l’ -lo, ’l li -li seu
3rd person masculine ell el, l’ -lo, ’l li -li seu
3rd person feminine ella la, l’4 -la li -li seu
3rd person neuter ho -ho li -li seu
3rd person reflexive si es, s’ -se, ’s es, s’ -se, ’s seu
plural
1st person nosaltres ens -nos, ’ns ens -nos, ’ns nostre
2nd person vosaltres us -vos, -us us -vos, -us vostre
2nd person formal2 vostès els -los, ’ls els -los, ’ls seu
3rd person masculine ells els -los, ’ls els -los, ’ls seu
3rd person feminine elles les -les els -los, ’ls seu
3rd person reflexive si es, s’ -se, ’s es, s’ -se, ’s seu
adverbial
ablative/genitive en, n’ -ne, ’n
locative hi -hi
1) Behaves grammatically as plural.
2) Behaves grammatically as third person. 		3) Only as object of a preposition.
4) Not before unstressed (h)i-, (h)u-.

Cimbrian[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

  • ze (Sette Comuni)

Etymology[edit]

From Middle High German si(e) (“they”), merged from Old High German sie m pl, sio f pl, siu n pl, from Proto-Germanic *īz m, *ijôz f, *ijō n, the nominative plural forms of *iz. Cognate with German sie, Dutch zij.

Pronoun[edit]

se

  1. (Luesrna) they

Inflection[edit]

Personal pronouns
singular plural
1st person i biar
2nd person du iar
3rd person er, si, 'z se

References[edit]

Czech[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Slavic *sę.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /sɛ/
  • audio
    		(file)

Pronoun[edit]

se (reflexive pronoun)

  1. (accusative) oneself (clitic form of reflexive pronoun sebe)
    myself
    yourself
    himself
    herself
    itself
    ourselves
    yourselves
    themselves

Declension[edit]

Declension
singular
nominative —
genitive sebe
dative sobě, si
accusative sebe, se
vocative —
locative sobě
instrumental sebou

Synonyms[edit]

Related terms[edit]

Preposition[edit]

se (also s)

  1. with

Further reading[edit]

Dalmatian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Latin sē.

Pronoun[edit]

se

  1. (reflexive) oneself

Danish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Danish se, from Old Norse sjá, from Proto-Germanic *sehwaną, from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“to see, notice”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

se (imperative se, infinitive at se, present tense ser, past tense så, perfect tense har set)

  1. To see.

Conjugation[edit]

Inflection of se
present past
simple ser så
perfect har set havde set
passive ses sås
participle seende set
imperative se —
infinitive se —
auxiliary verb have —
gerund seen —

Dimasa[edit]

Numeral[edit]

sé

  1. one

Esperanto[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Italian se, influenced by French si and Latin sī.

Pronunciation[edit]

Conjunction[edit]

se

  1. if

Ewe[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

se (plural sewo)

  1. law

Fala[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Portuguese se, sse, from Latin sē, from Proto-Indo-European *se-.

Pronoun[edit]

se

  1. used for passive constructions with transitive verbs and undetermined agent (equivalent to one)
    • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme II, Chapter 2: Recunquista:
      Non poemos analizar con pormenoris estis siglos, pero tampoco se debi toleral que, sin fundamentus, se poña en duda algo que a Historia documentá nos lega sobre nossa terra.
      We can’t thoroughly analyse these centuries, but one mustn’t tolerate that, unfoundedly, something documented history tells us about our land be questioned.
  2. reflexive and reciprocal: oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves, yourself; each other, one another
    • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Anexu: A Porcá:
      Cumían algu de herba por camiñus, se bañaban i os devulvían a casa por as tardis.
      They ate some pasture along the way, bathed themselves and were returned to their home in the afternoon.

Synonyms[edit]

  • (reflexive): -si

Faroese[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

se n (genitive singular ses, plural se)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter C.

Declension[edit]

Declension of se
n4 singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative se seið se seini
accusative se seið se seini
dative se, sei senum seum seunum
genitive ses sesins sea seanna

Fijian[edit]

Noun[edit]

se

  1. flower
  2. gills

Finnish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Finnic *se, from Proto-Uralic *śe. For plural forms, see etymology of ne.

The oblique stem si- is seen in some forms and is also found in other Finnic languages, such as the following cognates of the partitive singular sitä: Karelian sitä, Livvi sittäh, Veps sidä, Votic sitä. This is possibly a remnant of the original expected form **si (due to final e > i) which was reversed in some forms, possibly as influence from the plural ne.

The stem sii- seen in internal locative case forms may have been generalized from the plural forms as a means to distinguish from partitive/essive sitä, sinä; expected internal locative cases *sissä, *sistä may have been avoided as a dissimilation. Compare Veps siš (inessive singular of se).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ˈse/, [ˈs̠e̞]
  • Rhymes: -e
  • Syllabification: se

Pronoun[edit]

se (stem se-, also si-, and sii-, see below)

  1. (demonstrative) it
  2. (demonstrative) that (when the speaker does not point at the thing, either physically or mentally)
  3. (colloquial and dialectal, Kven) he, she
  4. (colloquial) the (as a definite article; see the usage notes below)

Usage notes[edit]

  • Due to the influence of Germanic languages, and nowadays especially to that of English, se may often be used as a kind of definite article in colloquial Finnish, though in standard Finnish it is ungrammatical, where word order expresses whether something is definite or indefinite. (Compare the usage of yksi.)
(standard) Mies tuli luokseni. → (colloquial) Se mies tuli mun luokse.
The man came to me.
(standard) Luokseni tuli mies. → (colloquial) Yks mies tuli mun luokse.
A man came to me.

Inflection[edit]

Irregular.

Declension of se
noun case singular pluraladverbial
form		 singular plural
nominative se nesuperessive siellä –
genitive sen niiden, niittendelative sieltä –
partitive sitä niitäsublative sinne –
accusative se, sen nelative siis –
inessive siinä niissätemporal silloin –
elative siitä niistäcausative siten –
illative siihen niihinmultiplicative – –
adessive sillä niillädistributive – –
ablative siltä niiltätemp. dist. – –
allative sille niilleprolative – –
essive sinä niinäsituative – –
translative siksi niiksioppositive – –
instructive – (niin)
abessive – (niittä)
comitative – niine

Synonyms[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

See also[edit]

Determiner[edit]

se

  1. that (not pointed at by the speaker)

Anagrams[edit]

French[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle French se, from Old French se, from Latin sē, from Proto-Indo-European *swé (reflexive pronoun). See also soi.

Pronunciation[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

se m or f (pre-vocalic s')

  1. The third-person reflexive and reciprocal direct and indirect object pronoun.
    1. (to) himself
    2. (to) herself
    3. (to) oneself
    4. (to) itself
    5. (to) themselves
    6. (to) each other

Usage notes[edit]

  • Se becomes s' before a vowel or unaspirated h, and sometimes, in nonstandard writing, in other cases where the e would be silent, e.g. in lyrics.
  • Se is often used with an actual subject, but it is also very often used with an abstract subject:
    Il est normal de se parler. ― It is normal to talk to oneself.

Derived terms[edit]

Related terms[edit]

French personal pronouns
Number Person Gender Nominative
(subject) 		Accusative
(direct complement) 		Dative
(indirect complement) 		Locative
(at) 		Genitive
(of) 		Disjunctive
(tonic)
Singular First — je, j’ me, m’ — — moi
Second — tu te, t’ — — toi
Third Masculine il le, l’ lui y en lui
Feminine elle la, l’ elle
Indeterminate on1 — — — — —
Reflexive — se, s’4 — — soi4
Plural First — nous nous — — nous
Second — vous2 vous2,3 — — vous2
Third Masculine ils3 les leur y en eux3
Feminine elles elles
1 Also used as the first person plural.
2 Also used as the polite singular form.
3 Also used when a group has both men and women.
4 Also used as third person plural reflexive.

See also[edit]

  • The other reflexive and reciprocal direct and indirect object pronouns: me, m', te, t', nous, vous.
  • The third-person reflexive and reciprocal disjunctive pronoun: soi.

Further reading[edit]

Anagrams[edit]

Galician[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Latin sī.

Conjunction[edit]

se

  1. if

Etymology 2[edit]

See the etymology of the main entry.

Pronoun[edit]

se

  1. accusative/dative of si

German Low German[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Low German sê, variously from Old Saxon sia and Old Saxon siu, ultimately developed from forms of Proto-Germanic *hiz and possibly influenced by Proto-Germanic *sa.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /zeː/, /seː/, /zɛɪ/, /sɛɪ/

Pronoun[edit]

se

  1. she
    Se is Anke.
    She is Anke (Annie).

Pronoun[edit]

se

  1. they
    Se kaamt ut Bremen.
    They come from Bremen.
    • 1861, G. Ungt, Twee Geschichten in Mönstersk Platt. Ollmanns Jans in de Friümde un Ollmanns Jans up de Reise, page 163:
      Dao gävven5 sick de Beiden dann auk an, datt se wier by ähr keimen.6
      5 gaben – gaben sich an – strengten sich an.   6 zu ihnen kamen.

See also[edit]

Haitian Creole[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From French c'est (“it is”)

Verb[edit]

se

  1. to be
  2. that is (compare French c'est)
  3. it is (compare French c'est)

Usage notes[edit]

References[edit]

Hungarian[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Conjunction[edit]

se

  1. Alternative form of sem.

Derived terms[edit]

(Compound words):

(Expressions):

See also[edit]

Ido[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Esperanto se.

Pronunciation[edit]

Conjunction[edit]

se

  1. if
    La klerko komencus laborar se ilu povus. ― The clerk would begin to work if he could.
    Se me povus, me komprus altra domo. ― If I could, I would buy another house.

Noun[edit]

se (plural se-i)

  1. The name of the Latin script letter S/s.

See also[edit]

Ingrian[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

se

  1. it

Declension[edit]

Inflection of se
singular plural
nominative se neet
genitive senen niijjen
partitive sitä niitä
illative siihe niihe
inessive siin niiz
elative siint niist
allative sille niille
adessive sill niil
ablative silt niilt
translative siks niiks
essive sinä niin

Interlingua[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

se (third person)

  1. Reflexive: oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves.
    Illa se videva in le speculo. ― She saw herself in the mirror.
  2. Reciprocal: each other, one another.
    Quando illes se cognosceva? ― When did they meet (each other)?
  3. Used for passive constructions with undetermined agent (translated by "one").
    De mi casa se vide le mar. ― From my house the sea is seen.
    (Literally, “...the sea sees itself.”)
  4. Hence, used for expressions of the type "to get/become ...-ed".
    espaventar — “to frighten”; espaventar se = "to get frightened" (lit., "to frighten oneself")

Usage notes[edit]

  • (reflexive, reciprocal, oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves, each other, one another): Many verbs bear a reflexive pronoun by default. Se must be replaced by me, te, etc., according to the subject.
    infiltrar se — “to infiltrate”
    repentir se — “to repent”

Istriot[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Latin sī.

Conjunction[edit]

se

  1. if
    • 1877, Antonio Ive, Canti popolari istriani: raccolti a Rovigno, volume 5, Ermanno Loescher, page 99:
      Biela, se ti vedissi li galiere
      Beautiful one, if you saw the galleys

Italian[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Late Latin se, from Latin sī,[1] from Proto-Indo-European *swé (reflexive pronoun).

Conjunction[edit]

se

  1. if
    Se non è vero, è ben trovato.
    If it is not true, it is a good story.
  2. whether
  3. if only
Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

From Latin sē, from Proto-Indo-European *swé (reflexive pronoun).

Pronoun[edit]

se

  1. Alternative form of si
  2. Alternative spelling of sé
Usage notes[edit]

Used when followed by a third-person direct object clitic (lo, la, li, le, or ne).

See also[edit]
Italian personal pronouns
Number Person Gender Nominative Reflexive Accusative Dative Conjunctive Disjunctive Locative Partitive
Singular first — io mi, m', -mi me me —
second — tu ti, t', -ti te te
third m lui si2, s', -si lo, l', -lo gli, -gli glie, se2 lui, sé ci, c',
vi, v' (formal) 		ne, n'
f lei, Lei1 la, La1, l', L'1, -la, -La1 le3, Le1, -le3, -Le1 lei, Lei1, sé
Plural first — noi ci, c', -ci ce noi —
second — voi, Voi4 vi, Vi4, v', V'4, -vi, -Vi4 ve voi, Voi4
third m loro, Loro1 si, s', -si li, Li1, -li, -Li1 gli, -gli, loro (formal),
Loro1 		glie, se loro, Loro1, sé ci, c',
vi, v' (formal) 		ne, n'
f le, Le1, -le, -Le1
1 Third person pronominal forms used as formal terms of address to refer to second person subjects (with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects). Unlike the singular forms, the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language, and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead.
2 Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive.
3 Often replaced by gli, -gli in informal language.
4 Formal (capitalisation optional); in many regions, can refer to just one person (compare with French vous).

References[edit]

  1. ^ Angelo Prati, "Vocabolario Etimologico Italiano", Torino, 1951

Japanese[edit]

Romanization[edit]

se

  1. Rōmaji transcription of せ
  2. Rōmaji transcription of セ

Kalasha[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Sanskrit स (sa), सा (sā), from Proto-Indo-European *só.

Pronoun[edit]

se

  1. he/she/it (absent from speaker) (3rd-person personal pronoun)

Coordinate terms[edit]

See also[edit]

Kalasha personal pronouns
singular plural
1st person a ábi
2nd person tu ábi
3rd person (near) ía émi
3rd person (far) ása éḷi
3rd person (absent) se te

Karelian[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

se

  1. it

Kurdish[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From West Iranian *spaka "dog-like, relating to dogs" (compare Old Median σπάκα (“dog”), Persian سگ‎ (sag), and Old Armenian ասպակ (aspak, “dog”), a borrowing from Median), from Proto-Iranian [Term?] (compare Avestan 𐬯𐬞𐬁‎ (spā), Pashto سپۍ‎ (spəy)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian [Term?] (compare Sanskrit श्वन् (śvā́)), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ.

Noun[edit]

se ?

  1. (Kurmanji) dog

Ladin[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Latin sē.

Pronoun[edit]

se

  1. (indefinite) one, you, we, they, people. Note: often translated using the passive voice in English.
  2. (reflexive) oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves; (reciprocal) each other, one another. Note: With some verbs, si is not translated in English.

Lashi[edit]

Verb[edit]

se

  1. know
  2. be able to

References[edit]

Latin[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Indo-European *swé (reflexive pronoun).

Pronunciation[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

sē

  1. the accusative of the reflexive pronoun meaning himself, herself, itself, themselves
    Sē amat.
    He loves himself.
    Necessario sē aperiunt.
    They were forced to open themselves.
    In marī sē praecipitāvit.
    He drowned himself in the sea.
  2. the ablative of the reflexive pronoun meaning by himself, by herself, by itself, by themselves

Usage notes[edit]

  • There is little distinction made between the accusative forms sē and sēsē as the two forms are used indifferently, except that sēsē is preferred where emphasis is intended (especially in reference to a preceding ipse, or at the beginning or the end of a clause).

Declension[edit]

Personal pronoun declension.

Singular First-person Second-person Reflexive
nominative ego/egō tū —
genitive meī tuī suī
dative mihi/mihī, mī tibi sibi
accusative mē tē sē, sēsē
ablative mē tē sē, sēsē
vocative egō tū —
possessive meus tuus suus
Plural First-person Second-person Reflexive
nominative nōs vōs —
genitive nostrī, nostrum vestrī, vestrum suī
dative nōbīs vōbīs sibi
accusative nōs vōs sē, sēsē
ablative nōbīs vōbīs sē, sēsē
vocative nōs vōs —
possessive noster vester, voster suus

Derived terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

  • Aromanian: se
  • Catalan: es, se
  • Dalmatian: se
  • French: se, soi
  • Galician: se
  • Italian: sé
  • Ladin: se
  • Occitan: se
  • Portuguese: se
  • Romanian: se, sine
  • Sicilian: si
  • Spanish: se

See also[edit]

Latin personal pronouns
Number Person Gender Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Ablative Possessive
Singular First — ego meī mihi mē meus, -a, -um
Second — tū tuī tibi tē tuus, -a, -um
Reflexive third — — suī sibi sē, sēsē suus, -a, -um
Third Masculine is eius eī eum eō eius
Feminine ea eam eā
Neuter id id eō
Plural First — nōs nostrī, nostrum nōbīs nōs nōbīs noster, -tra,
-trum
Second — vōs vestrī, vestrum vōbīs vōs vōbīs vester, -tra,
-trum
Reflexive third — — suī sibi sē, sēsē suus, -a, -um
Third Masculine eī, iī eōrum eīs eōs eīs eōrum
Feminine eae eārum eās eārum
Neuter ea eōrum ea eōrum

Ligurian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Late Latin se(d), from Latin sī (“if”) + quid (“what”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Conjunction[edit]

se

  1. if

Livonian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Akin to Finnish se.

Pronoun[edit]

se

  1. that
  2. he

Lower Sorbian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Slavic *sę.

Pronunciation[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

se

  1. myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves, oneself
  2. each other, one another
  3. used to form passives

Derived terms[edit]

References[edit]

  • se in Manfred Starosta (1999): Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag.

Luxembourgish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

se

  1. unstressed form of si

Declension[edit]

Luxembourgish personal pronouns
nominative accusative dative reflexive
str. unstr. str. unstr. str. unstr.
1st person singular ech — mech — mir mer like dat. and acc.
2nd person singular
(informal) 		du de dech — dir der like dat. and acc.
2nd person singular
(formal) 		Dir Der Iech Iech [əɕ] Iech Iech [əɕ] Iech
3rd person singular (m) hien en hien en him em sech
3rd person singular (f) si se si se hir er sech
3rd person singular (n) hatt et ('t) hatt et ('t) him em sech
1st person plural mir mer eis (ons) — eis (ons) — eis (ons)
2nd person plural dir der iech iech [əɕ] iech iech [əɕ] iech
3rd person plural si se si se hinnen en sech

Malay[edit]

Malay cardinal numbers
 <  0 1 2  > 
    Cardinal : se

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Shortened form of esa, from Proto-Malayic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *əsa, from Proto-Sunda-Sulawesi *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa.

Pronunciation[edit]

Numeral[edit]

se (Jawi spelling س)

  1. one

Synonyms[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Maltese[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Arabic سَ‎ (sa-, “future particle”), an archaism in Maltese vis-à-vis most other varieties of modern Arabic.

Particle[edit]

se

  1. Indicates a future tense.

Mandarin[edit]

Romanization[edit]

se

  1. Nonstandard spelling of sè.

Usage notes[edit]

  • English transcriptions of Mandarin speech often fail to distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without the appropriate indication of tone.

Middle Dutch[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

se

  1. accusative of si (“they”)

Middle English[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Old English swē, swǣ, variants of swā (“so”). More at so.

Adverb[edit]

se

  1. so

Etymology 2[edit]

From Old English sǣ.

Noun[edit]

se

  1. Alternative form of see (“sea”)
Descendants[edit]

Etymology 3[edit]

From Old French sei.

Noun[edit]

se

  1. Alternative form of see (“see”)
Descendants[edit]

Etymology 4[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

se

  1. Alternative form of sche

References[edit]

Middle French[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old French se, from Latin sē.

Pronoun[edit]

se

  1. The third-person reflexive and reciprocal direct object pronoun.
    1. himself
    2. herself
    3. oneself
    4. itself
    5. themselves
    6. each other
  2. The third-person reflexive and reciprocal indirect object pronoun.
    1. to himself
    2. to herself
    3. to oneself
    4. to itself
    5. to themselves
    6. to each other
      ils se donnerent bataille ― they gave each other battle (they gave battle to each other)

Usage notes[edit]

  • Whether to translate as himself, herself, oneself, itself, themselves or each other depends on the gender (male, female or none) and number (singular or plural).
  • Usually becomes s' before a vowel. In older manuscripts, it becomes s- with no apostrophe.

Descendants[edit]

  • French: se

Middle Low German[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Variously from Old Saxon sia and Old Saxon siu, ultimately developed from forms of Proto-Germanic *hiz and possibly influenced by Proto-Germanic *sa.

Pronunciation[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

sê

  1. (third person singular female nominative) she
  2. her (accusative of sê)
  3. (third person plural nominative) they
  4. them (accusative of sê)

Declension[edit]

Middle Low German personal pronouns
nominative accusative dative genitive
1st person singular ik (ek) mî (mê, mik, mek) mîn (mîner)
2nd person singular dû dî (dê, dik, dek) dîn (dîner)
3rd person singular
m hê (hî, hie) ēne, en (ȫne, ȫn) ēme, em (ȫme, en) sîn (sîner)
n it (et)
f sê (sî, sie, sü̂) ēre, ēr (ērer, ȫrer)
1st person plural wî (wê, wie) uns (ûs, ös, ü̂sik) unser (ûser)
2nd person plural gî (jê, î) jû (jûwe, û, jük, gik) jûwer (ûwer)
3rd person plural sê (sî, sie) em, öm, jüm (en; ehnen, ohnen, öhnen) ēre, ēr (ērer, ȫrer)

For an explanation of the forms in brackets see here.

Descendants[edit]

  • Dutch Low Saxon: zee
  • German Low German: se
  • Plautdietsch: see

Neapolitan[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Latin sē.

Pronunciation[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

se

  1. reflexive third person pronoun: oneself, himself, itself, herself, themselves etc.

North Frisian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Frisian siā, from Proto-Germanic *sehwaną

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA(key): /sɛ/

Verb[edit]

se (present se, 2nd singular sjochst, 3rd singular sjocht, past saag, perfect sen)

  1. (Sylt) to see

Norwegian Bokmål[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Norse sjá, from Proto-Germanic *sehwaną, from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“to see, notice”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

se (imperative se, present tense ser, passive ses or sees, simple past så, past participle sett, present participle seende)

  1. to see (perceive with the eyes).

Derived terms[edit]

Terms derived from se

See also[edit]

References[edit]

Novial[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

se

  1. (reflexive) himself; herself; itself; themselves

Usage notes[edit]

  • Used only for the third person.

Old English[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

  • þe – later form for (se)

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Germanic *sa, from Proto-Indo-European *só.

Pronunciation[edit]

Article[edit]

se m (definite)

  1. the
    se mōna ― the moon

Determiner[edit]

sē

  1. that (masculine singular form)
    Þone rǣd ġerǣdde Wīdsīþ. ― Widsith gave that advice.

Pronoun[edit]

sē m (demonstrative pronoun)

  1. that, he (masculine singular form)
    Þā ne sacaþ. ― They do not quarrel.

Usage notes[edit]

  • (that, he): se is normally read as sē when used pronominally.

Descendants[edit]

Declension[edit]

Declension of se
Singular Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative se sēo þæt
Accusative þone þā þæt
Genitive þæs þǣre þæs
Dative þǣm, þām þǣre þǣm, þām
Instrumental þȳ, þī, þon þǣre þȳ, þī, þon
Plural
Nominative þā
Accusative þā
Genitive þāra, þǣra
Dative þǣm, þām
Instrumental þǣm, þām

See also[edit]

Old French[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Latin sē (“himself, herself, itself”), accusative of reflexive pronoun.

Alternative forms[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

se m or f (invariable)

  1. himself (reflexive direct and indirect third-person singular pronoun)
  2. herself (reflexive direct and indirect third-person singular pronoun)
  3. itself (reflexive direct and indirect third-person singular pronoun)
  4. oneself (reflexive direct and indirect third-person singular pronoun)
  5. themselves (reflexive direct and indirect third-person plural pronoun)
Descendants[edit]
  • French: se

Etymology 2[edit]

From Latin si.

Conjunction[edit]

se

  1. if
  2. then (afterwards; following)
Descendants[edit]
  • French: si

Old Frisian[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

se

  1. she
  2. they

Old Irish[edit]

Determiner[edit]

se

  1. Alternative spelling of so

Old Saxon[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Germanic *sa.

Pronunciation[edit]

Article[edit]

sē m (demonstrative)

  1. definite article: the
    sē māno ― the moon
  2. demonstrative adjective: that, those
    Hē gaf thē gift. ― He gave that gift.

Declension[edit]

Declension of sē
Singular Plural
Masculine Neuter Feminine
nominative sē that sīu thē
accusative than that thē thē
genitive thēs thēs thēra thēra
dative thēm thēm thēra thēm
instrumental thiu, thia, thuo, thuru


See also[edit]

Pilagá[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

se

  1. I
    se-take ― I want

References[edit]

  • 2001, Alejandra Vidal, quoted in Subordination in Native South-American Languages

Pipil[edit]

Pipil cardinal numbers
 <  0 1 2  > 
    Cardinal : sē
    Ordinal : achtu
    Adverbial : seujti
    Distributive : sejsē ika

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Uto-Aztecan *sɨmayV. Compare Classical Nahuatl ce (“one”). Cognate with Hopi suukya' (“one”), Shoshone seme' (“one”), Cahuilla súplli (“one”), and O'odham hema (“one”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Numeral[edit]

sē

  1. one
    Nikneki semaya se
    I want only one

Article[edit]

sē

  1. a, indefinite article
    Tikitat se tekulut tik ne kwajkwawit
    We saw an owl in the trees

Pronoun[edit]

sē

  1. someone, something, indefinite pronoun
    Walajsik se ina ka metzishmati
    Someone came who said she/he knows you
    Se anmejemet nemi pal yawi pal kikua ne takwal
    One of you has to go to buy the food
    Ne nunan nechmakak se anmupal
    My mom gave me something for you all

Polish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

se

  1. (colloquial) oneself, myself, yourself, itself, etc.
    Synonym: sobie
    Daj se z tym spokój.
    Give it a break.

Further reading[edit]

  • se in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • se in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Old Portuguese sse, se, from Latin sē, from Proto-Indo-European *swé (reflexive pronoun).

Pronoun[edit]

se m or f

  2. third-person singular and plural reflexive pronoun; himself; herself; itself; themself; themselves
    Ela se viu no espelho.
    She saw herself in the mirror.
  4. third-person singular and plural reciprocal pronoun; each other; one another
    Quando eles se conheceram?
    When did they meet (each other)?
  6. second-person singular and plural reflexive and reciprocal pronoun, when used with second-person pronouns other than tu and vós; yourself; yourselves
    E você se diz um professor!
    And you call yourself a teacher!
  8. forms the passive voice; be; get
    espantar ― to frighten
    espantar-se ― to get frightened (Literally, “to frighten oneself”)
    Da minha casa se vê o mar.
    The sea can be seen from my house. (Literally, "From my house oneself sees the sea.")
  10. impersonal reflexive pronoun; oneself
    Vive-se bem em Belém.
    One lives well in Belém. (Literally, *"∅ lives oneself well in Belém.")
Usage notes[edit]
  • When the verb precedes se, a hyphen must be used. In Portugal post-verb se is more common, while in Brazil it usually precedes the verb.
  • (reflexive and reciprocal): Many verb senses take a reflexive pronoun by default; they are called pronominal verbs. Se must be replaced by me, te, etc. according to the subject.
    comunicar-se (com) ― to communicate (with)
    arrepender-se ― to repent
  • Many ergative English verbs are translated by a bare verb for transitive usage and a pronominal one for intransitive:
    O professor acalmou os alunos.
    The teacher calmed the students down.
    O professor acalmou-se.
    The teacher calmed down.
Quotations[edit]

For quotations of use of this term, see Citations:se.

See also[edit]
Portuguese personal pronouns (edit)
Number Person Nominative
(subject) 		Accusative
(direct object) 		Dative
(indirect object) 		Prepositional Prepositional
with com 		Non-declining
m f m f m and f m f m f m f
Singular First eu me mim comigo
Second tu te ti contigo você
o senhor a senhora
Third ele ela o
(lo, no) 		a
(la, na) 		lhe ele ela com ele com ela o mesmo a mesma
se (reflexive) si (reflexive) consigo (reflexive)
Plural First nós nos nós connosco (Portugal)
conosco (Brazil) 		a gente
Second vós vos vós convosco, com vós vocês
os senhores as senhoras
Third eles elas os
(los, nos) 		as
(las, nas) 		lhes eles elas com eles com elas os mesmos as mesmas
se (reflexive) si (reflexive) consigo (reflexive)
Indefinite se (reflexive) si (reflexive) consigo (reflexive)

Etymology 2[edit]

From Old Portuguese se, from Latin sī (“if”).

Alternative forms[edit]

  • si (eye dialect)

Conjunction[edit]

se

  2. if (introduces a condition)
    • 2007, J. K. Rowling, Lya Wyler, Harry Potter e as Relíquias da Morte, Rocco, page 317:
      Desculpe, acho que dá mais medo se for meia-noite!
      I'm sorry, I thought it would be more fearsome if it were midnight!}}
    Se for sair, leve um guarda-chuva.
    If you go out, take an umbrella.
    Só começaremos se nos pagarem.
    We will only begin if they pay us.
Quotations[edit]

For quotations of use of this term, see Citations:se.

Synonyms[edit]
Antonyms[edit]

Romanian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Latin sē, from Proto-Indo-European *swé (reflexive pronoun).

Pronunciation[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

se

  1. (reflexive pronoun) oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves

Related terms[edit]

Romansch[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

  • (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan) si
  • (Sutsilvan, Surmiran) sen
  • (Puter, Vallader) sü

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Adverb[edit]

se

  1. (Sutsilvan, Surmiran) up, upward, upwards

Rwanda-Rundi[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Bantu *cé.

Noun[edit]

sé class 1a (plural bāsé class 2a)

  1. his/her father
  2. his/her paternal uncle

Samoan[edit]

Article[edit]

se

  1. a (singular indefinite article)

See also[edit]

Serbo-Croatian[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Slavic *sę.

Pronoun[edit]

se (Cyrillic spelling се)

  1. oneself (clitic form of reflexive pronoun)
    1. myself
    2. yourself
    3. himself, herself, itself
    4. ourselves
    5. yourselves
    6. themselves
Declension[edit]
Declension of se
singular plural
nominative — —
genitive sȅbe, se sȅbe
dative sȅbi, si sȅbi
accusative sȅbe, se sȅbe
vocative — —
locative sȅbi sȅbi
instrumental sȍbōm sȍbom

Etymology 2[edit]

From Proto-Slavic *sь.

Particle[edit]

se (Cyrillic spelling се)

  1. (obsolete) this is; here is
    • 1404, anonymous, Kočerin tablet:
      се лежи вигань милошевиꙉь
      Here lies Viganj Milošević

Slovene[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Slavic *sę.

Pronunciation[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

se

  1. oneself: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself (accusative)
  2. ourselves, yourselves, themselves (accusative)

Inflection[edit]

Declension of se (irregular, suppletive)
singular
1st person 2nd person reflexive
nominative jàz tí —
accusative méne, me tébe, te sébe, se
genitive méne, me tébe, te sébe, se
dative méni, mi tébi, ti sébi, si
locative méni tébi sébi
instrumental menój, máno tebój, tábo sebój, sábo
possessive mój tvój svój
dual
1st person 2nd person reflexive
nominative mídva m, médve/mídve f or n vídva m, védve/vídve f or n —
accusative náju váju sébe, se
genitive náju váju sébe, se
dative náma váma sébi, si
locative náju váju sébi
instrumental náma váma sebój, sábo
possessive nájin vájin svój
plural
1st person 2nd person reflexive
nominative mí m, mé f or n ví m, vé f or n —
accusative nàs vàs sébe, se
genitive nàs vàs sébe, se
dative nàm vàm sébi, si
locative nàs vàs sébi
instrumental nàmi vàmi sebój, sábo
possessive nàš vàš svój

Spanish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Latin sē, from Proto-Indo-European *swé (reflexive pronoun).

Pronoun[edit]

se m or f (third person, including ‘usted’ and ‘ustedes’)

  1. Third person (also used for usted and ustedes) reflexive direct or indirect object oneself, himself, herself, itself, yourself; each other; one another
  2. Also used to convey the meaning of the English passive voice in the third person and with usted and ustedes.
    ¿Cómo se llama? — “What is your name?” [formal] (Literally, “How do you call yourself?”)
    Se dice que... — “It is said that...” (Literally, “It says itself that...”)
    Aquí se habla español — Spanish is spoken here or They speak Spanish here. (Literally, “Spanish speaks itself here.”)
Usage notes[edit]
  • (third person (and used for ‘usted’ and ‘ustedes’) reflexive): Se is used as a suffix with verbs in the infinitive and imperative.

Etymology 2[edit]

From Old Spanish ge (from Latin illī, compare Portuguese lhe, Italian gli), whose pronunciation shifted from /ʒe/ to /ʃe/ in Early Modern Spanish, at which point it was reanalyzed as /se/ (rather than shifting to /xe/ as expected).

Alternative forms[edit]

  • ge (archaic)

Pronoun[edit]

se m or f (third person, including ‘usted’ and ‘ustedes’)

  1. Used instead of indirect object pronouns le and les before the direct object pronouns lo, la, los, or las.
    El samaritano se las dio. — “The Samaritan gave them to him.”

See also[edit]

Spanish personal pronouns
nominative dative accusative disjunctive
first person singular yo me mí1
plural masculine2 nosotros nos nosotros
feminine nosotras nosotras
second person singular tuteo tú te ti1
voseo vos vos
formal3 usted le, se4 lo/la5 usted
plural familiar6 masculine2 vosotros os vosotros
feminine vosotras vosotras
formal/general3 ustedes les, se4 los/las5 ustedes
third person singular masculine2 él le, se4 lo él
feminine ella la ella
neuter ello7 lo/la5 ello
plural masculine2 ellos les, se4 los ellos
feminine ellas las ellas
reflexive — se sí1
  1. Not used with con; conmigo, contigo, and consigo are used instead, respectively
  2. Like other masculine Spanish words, masculine Spanish pronouns can be used when the gender of the subject is unknown or when the subject is plural and of mixed gender.
  3. Treated as if it were third-person for purposes of conjugation and reflexivity
  4. If le or les precedes lo, la, los, or las in a clause, it is replaced with se (e.g., Se lo dije instead of Le lo dije)
  5. Depending on the implicit gender of the object being referred to
  6. Used primarily in Spain
  7. Used only in rare circumstances

Etymology 3[edit]

Verb[edit]

se (main verb saber)

  1. Misspelling of sé.

Further reading[edit]

Sranan Tongo[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Dutch zee.

Noun[edit]

se

  1. sea

Swedish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Swedish sēa, sē, sīa, from Old Norse séa, sjá, from Proto-Germanic *sehwaną, from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“to see, notice”). The final -g of the past tense form was added under influence of the Old Swedish plural form sāgho. Cognate with Danish se, Norwegian Nynorsk sjå and Icelandic sjá, English see, German sehen and Dutch zien.

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

se

  1. to see; use one's sight
    Synonyms: titta, kolla, stirra
    • 1888, August Strindberg, Fröken Julie
      Tvärtom, fröken Julie, som ni ser har jag skyndat uppsöka min övergivna!
      Quite the opposite, miss Julie, as you can see I have rushed to find my abandonned one!
    • 1915, John Wahlborg, Stjärnbanér i blågult
      Vad jag sett och hört och känt har helt enkelt överväldigat mig.
      What I have seen and heard and felt has quite simply overwhelmed me.
  2. to see; to understand
    Synonyms: förstå, fatta, begripa
    Jag ser inte hur det skulle kunna vara möjligt. ― I don't see how that could be possible.
  3. to see; to form a mental picture of

Conjugation[edit]

Conjugation of se (class 5 strong)
Active Passive
Infinitive se ses
Present tense ser ses
Past tense såg sågs
Supine sett setts
Imperative se —
Present participle seende
Past participle sedd

Hypernyms[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Related terms[edit]

See also[edit]

Anagrams[edit]

Tarantino[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

se (impersonal, reflexive)

  1. it
  2. one

Tocharian A[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Indo-European *suHyús. Cognate with Tocharian B soy, Old Armenian ուստր (ustr) and Ancient Greek υἱύς (huiús).

Noun[edit]

se m

  1. son

See also[edit]

Turkish[edit]

Noun[edit]

se

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter [[S#Lua error: not enough memory|S]].Lua error: not enough memory

Tuvaluan[edit]

Article[edit]

Lua error: not enough memory

  1. Lua error: not enough memory, Lua error: not enough memory

Veps[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Lua error: not enough memory.

Determiner[edit]

Lua error: not enough memory

  1. it
  2. that Lua error: not enough memory

Inflection[edit]

Lua error: not enough memory

Derived terms[edit]

  • Lua error: not enough memory

References[edit]

  • Lua error: not enough memory, Lua error: not enough memory; Lua error: not enough memory, Lua error: not enough memory (2007), Lua error: not enough memory”, in Lua error: not enough memory [Lua error: not enough memory], Petrozavodsk: Periodika

Volapük[edit]

Preposition[edit]

Lua error: not enough memory

  1. out of

Welsh[edit]

Verb[edit]

Lua error: not enough memory

  1. Lua error: not enough memory Lua error: not enough memory

West Frisian[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

Lua error: not enough memory

  1. Lua error: not enough memory

Pronoun[edit]

Lua error: not enough memory

  1. Lua error: not enough memory

Zazaki[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • Lua error: not enough memory

Adverb[edit]

Lua error: not enough memory

  1. how
  2. if
  3. what

Numeral[edit]

Lua error: not enough memory

  1. hundred
  2. Lua error: not enough memory
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