jo

See also: Appendix:Variations of "jo"

English

Wikipedia

Etymology

From Scots jo (“joy”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dʒəʊ/

Noun

jo (plural jos)

1. (Scotland) Darling, sweetheart.
   • 1711, traditional, published by James Watson, Old Long Syne:

     On Old long syne my Jo,
     on Old long syne,
     That thou canst never once reflect,
     on Old long syne.

Anagrams

• OJ

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Albanian

Etymology

From Proto-Albanian *nio not, no, from Proto-Indo-European *nĕ, *nē 'negative particle'. Compare Latin ne, Welsh neu, Old English na, Lithuanian ne (“not”).

Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

Determiner

jo

1. no, not

Related terms

• nuk

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Basque

Verb

jo

1. hit

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Bavarian

Adverb

jo

1. yes

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Catalan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈʒɔ/, /ˈjɔ/
• Rhymes: -o, -ɔ

Etymology

From Vulgar Latin *eo, attested from the 6th century in Romance, from Latin ego.; akin to Greek εγώ (egó), Sanskrit aham, all from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.

Pronoun

jo (strong)

1. I
2. (after certain prepositions) me

Synonyms

• mi (after most prepositions)

Declension

Catalan personal pronouns and clitics

	strong/subject	weak (direct object)		weak (indirect object)		possessive
singular		proclitic	enclitic	proclitic	enclitic
1st person	jo, mi2	em, m’	-me, ’m	em, m’	-me, ’m	meu
2nd person	tu	et, t’	-te, ’t	et, t’	-te, ’t	teu
2nd person formal4	vós	us	-vos, -us	us	-vos, -us	vostre
2nd person  very formal1	vostè	el, l’	-lo, ’l	li	-li	seu
3rd person masculine	ell	el, l’	-lo, ’l	li	-li	seu
3rd person feminine	ella	la, l’3	-la	li	-li	seu
3rd person neuter		ho	-ho	li	-li	seu
3rd person reflexive	si	es, s’	-se, ’s	es, s’	-se, ’s	seu
plural
1st person	nosaltres	ens	-nos, ’ns	ens	-nos, ’ns	nostre
2nd person	vosaltres	us	-vos, -us	us	-vos, -us	vostre
2nd person formal1	vostès	els	-los, ’ls	els	-los, ’ls	seu
3rd person masculine	ells	els	-los, ’ls	els	-los, ’ls	seu
3rd person feminine	elles	les	-les	els	-los, ’ls	seu
3rd person reflexive	si	es, s’	-se, ’s	es, s’	-se, ’s	seu
adverbial
ablative/genitive		en, n’	-ne, ’n
locative		hi	-hi
1) Behaves grammatically as third person. 2) Only as object of a preposition.			3) Not before unstressed (h)i-, (h)u-. 4) Behaves grammatically as second person plural.

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Czech

Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

Particle

jo

1. (colloquial) yeah, yep

Synonyms

• ano

Antonyms

• ne

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Dalmatian

Etymology

From Latin ubi. Compare Romanian iuo, Italian ove, French où, Old Spanish o.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /jo/

Adverb

jo

1. where

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Dutch

Etymology

From English yo.

Interjection

jo

1. hi

   Ey! - Jo! - Hey! - Hi!

2. bye

   Later! - Jo! - Later! - Bye!

3. you too

   Fijn weekend! - Jo! - Have a nice weekend! - You too!

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Esperanto

Noun

jo (plural jo-oj, accusative singular jo-on, accusative plural jo-ojn)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter J/j.

See also

• (Latin script letter names) litero; a, bo/‎be, co/‎ce, ĉo/‎ĉa, do/‎de, e, fo/‎ef, go/‎ge, ĝo/‎ĝe, ho/‎ha, ĥo/‎ĥi, i, jo/‎je, ĵo/‎ĵi, ko/‎ka, lo/‎el, mo/‎om, no/‎en, o, po/‎pa, ro/‎ar, so/‎es, ŝo/‎eŝ, to/‎ta, u, ŭo/‎eŭ, vo/‎vi, zo/‎ze ^{(Category: eo:Latin letter names)}

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Finnish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈjo̞]
• Rhymes: -o
• Hyphenation: jo

Adverb

jo

1. already

   Luin kirjan jo loppuun.

   I already finished the book.

2. now (emphasizing word)

   (impatiently) Tule jo!

   Come now!

See also

• jopa

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Friulian

Etymology

From Vulgar Latin *eo, attested from the 6th century in Romance, from Latin ego.; akin to Greek εγώ (egó), Sanskrit aham, all from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.

Pronoun

jo

1. I

See also

Friulian personal pronouns

		singular	plural
1st person		jo	nô
2nd person	familiar	tu	vô
	polite	lui, jê	lôr
3rd person	m	lui,	lôr
	f	jê	lôr

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Japanese

Romanization

jo

1. rōmaji reading of じょ
2. rōmaji reading of ジョ
3. rōmaji reading of ぢょ
4. rōmaji reading of ヂョ

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Kashubian

Interjection

jo

1. yes

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Lithuanian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [jo]

Pronoun

jo

1. (3rd person singular masculine possessive) his

Pronoun

jo m

1. (third-person singular) genitive form of jis.

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Livonian

Alternative forms

• juo

Etymology 1

Perhaps a borrowing of Latvian jo (“because, yet (more)”), /juo/.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [jo]

Preposition

jo

1. more; used with adjectives to form comparatives

   pitkā, jo pitkā – long, longer

Etymology 2

Perhaps a borrowing of Latvian jau (“yet, already, after all”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [jo]

Preposition

jo

1. yet, already, after all

   mōnigļikizt, ne jo lǟbõd mōzõ – bumblebees, they are already migrating to their burrows (lit. "going inside of earth")

   amād jo ītist äb peļļõt – not everyone makes the same (lit. "everyone after all doesn't earn the same")

Usage notes

• LEL only lists jo without listing any instances of juo. Livonian-Latvian-Livonian dictionary, in turn, only lists juo for the comparative forming preposition sense.
• LĒL doesn't explicitly list the second sense that seems to exactly mirror Latvian jau (including the more figurative applications.) Such a function, however, is inferred from the many usage examples available in the dictionary. As a translation of Latvian jau (strictly in its temporal sense) LĒL lists jõbā (“already”), cf. Estonian juba.

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Lojban

Cmavo

jo (rafsi jov)

1. (conjunction) if and only if. Joins two predicate words in a complex predicate.

Derived terms

• .ijo
• jonai

Related terms

• .o
• gi'o
• go
• gu'o

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Lower Sorbian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [jɔ]

Particle

jo

1. yes (word used to show agreement or acceptance)

Verb

jo

1. third-person singular present of byś

Pronoun

jo n

1. accusative of wóno

Related terms

• njo (after preposition)

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Luxembourgish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /joː/
• Rhymes: -oː

  Homophones: Jo

Adverb

jo

1. yes

See also

• dach

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Norwegian

Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

Adverb

jo

1. yes; in disagreement with the last speaker.

   Du har ikke pusset tennene vel? - Jo, (det har jeg)

   You haven't brushed your teeth, have you? - Yes, I have

2. yes or no; expressing doubt. (colloquial)

   Vil du være med? - Jo...

   Do you want to join? - I'm not sure

Usage notes

ja can be interpreted as an agreement with the person replied to. jo is used instead of ja if this agreement could cause ambiguity. In example 1, agreement with the person asking the question would be the opposite of a confirmation that one actually did brush the teeth. As such ja would be ambiguous. The answer jo removes the possibility of agreement with the speaker.

Related terms

• jojo

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Occitan

Alternative forms

• ieu

Etymology

From Vulgar Latin *eo, attested from the 6th century in Romance, from Latin ego.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʒu/, /ju/

Pronoun

jo

1. (Gascony) I

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Old French

Alternative forms

• je
• jeo
• jou
• ge

Etymology

From Vulgar Latin *eo, attested from the 6th century in Romance, from Latin ego.

Pronoun

jo

1. I

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Old Frisian

Pronoun

jō

1. Alternative form of jū, accusative and dative form of jī

Declension

Old Frisian personal pronoun declensions

	singular					plural
	1st	2nd	3rd m	3rd f	3rd n	1st	2nd	3rd
nominative	ik	thū	hī	hiū, hiō	hit	wī	jī	hiā
accusative	mī	thī	hine	hiā	hit	ūs	jū, jō	hiā
dative	mī	thī	him	hire, hiāre	him	ūs	jū, jō	him, hirem, hiārem
genitive	mīn	thīn	sīn	hire, hiāre	sīn	ūser	jūwer	hira, hiāra

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Spanish

Interjection

¡Jo!

1. Used to express surprise, amazement, or confusion.

   Jo!

   I never heard anything like that before.

   Jo!

   Are you serious?

   Jo!

   Boy!

2. stop (especially when commanding a horse or imitative thereof)

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Swedish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /juː/

Interjection

jo

1. yes; used as a disagreement to a negative statement.

   Du har inte borstat tänderna, eller hur? - Jo, det har jag.

   "You haven't brushed your teeth, have you? - Yes, I have."

Usage notes

Ja (yes) can be interpreted as an agreement with the person replied to. Jo is used instead of ja if this agreement could cause ambiguity. In the example above agreement with the person asking the question would be the opposite of a confirmation that one actually did brush the teeth. As such ja would be ambiguous. The answer jo removes the possibility of agreement with the speaker.

In northern Sweden it is however not uncommon for the word jo to be used in place of ja in all cases, at least in spoken language.

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West Frisian

Etymology

From Old Frisian jū, from Proto-Germanic *izwiz, dative/accusative of *jūz, from Proto-Indo-European *yū́. Compare English you, Dutch jou, u, Low German jo, ju, German euch.

Pronoun

jo

1. you (polite)
2. your (polite)

Usage notes

Though it is a singular pronoun, jo takes the plural conjugation of verbs.