J

See also: j [U+006A LATIN SMALL LETTER J], Appendix:Variations of "j", ل [U+0644 ARABIC LETTER LAM], and ᒍ [U+148D CANADIAN SYLLABICS CO]

J U+004A, J LATIN CAPITAL LETTER J ← I [U+0049] Basic Latin K → [U+004B]

Character variations

Ｊ U+FF2A, Ｊ FULLWIDTH LATIN CAPITAL LETTER J ← Ｉ [U+FF29] Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms Ｋ → [U+FF2B]

Languages (48)

Translingual • English

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Afrikaans • Angami • Araki • Azerbaijani • Basque • Catalan • Central Franconian • Central Mazahua • Chinese • Chipewyan • Dutch • Esperanto • Estonian • Finnish • German • Hungarian • Icelandic • Ido • Indonesian • Italian • Kankanaey • Kashubian • Latin • Latvian • Malay • Maltese • Navajo • Norwegian • Nupe • Polish • Portuguese • Romani • Romanian • Saanich • Silesian • Skolt Sami • Slovene • Somali • Spanish • Swedish • Tagalog • Turkish • Uzbek • Welsh • Yoruba • Zulu

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Page categories

Translingual

Etymology

From a modification of the Latin letter I (“i”), from the Etruscan letter 𐌉 (i, “i”), from the Ancient Greek letter Ι (I, “iota”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤉 (y, “yod”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓂝.

Letter

J (lower case j)

1. The tenth letter of the basic modern Latin alphabet.

See also

• (Latin script):  Aa  Bb  Cc  Dd  Ee  Ff  Gg  Hh  Ii  Jj  Kk  Ll  Mm  Nn  Oo  Pp  Qq  Rr  Sſs  Tt  Uu  Vv  Ww  Xx  Yy  Zz
• (Variations of letter J):  Ĵĵ  Ɉɉ  J̌ǰ  ȷ  ϳ  ʝ  ɟ  ʄ  ᴊ  Ｊｊ  IJij  IJij  LJLjlj  LJLjlj  NJNjnj  NJNjnj

Symbol

J

1. (metrology) The symbol for joule, the unit of work or energy in the International System of Units
2. jack (playing card)
3. (linguistics) A wildcard for a palatal consonant

   Synonym: Ɉ

4. (mathematics) A matrix of ones.

   J₂ (2x2 matrix of all ones)

5. (Voice Quality Symbols) position of the jaw (modified for protruded, offset, etc.)
6. (clothing) Bra cup size.

Numeral

J (upper case Roman numeral, lower case j)

1. Archaic form of I (“1”) used at the end of a number.

   VIIJ ― 8

Gallery

• Letter styles
• 
  Uppercase and lowercase versions of J, in normal and italic type
• 
  Uppercase and lowercase J in Fraktur

See also

Other representations of J:

NATO phonetic: Juliet Morse code: ·––– Braille: ⠚ ASL Manual: J

Signal flag:

Semaphore:

English

Alternative forms

• J., j., j

Pronunciation

• (letter name): IPA^(key): /d͡ʒeɪ/, (Indic) /d͡ʒeː/

• Audio (UK):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -eɪ

Letter

J (upper case, lower case j, plural Js or J's)

1. The tenth letter of the English alphabet, called jay and written in the Latin script.

Usage notes

• In some names beginning with "J" of northern or eastern European origin, "J" is pronounced as a "Y", for example in the former country of Jugoslavia, which in English more recently is more commonly spelled as Yugoslavia.
• In Spanish names and loanwords beginning with "J", the "J" is usually pronounced as an "H", for example in the name Julio.

See also

• (Latin script letters) letter; Aa, Bb, Cc, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Qq, Rr, Ss, Tt, Uu, Vv, Ww, Xx, Yy, Zz

Noun

J (plural Js or J's or JJ)

1. (slang) (plural Js or J's) A marijuana cigarette. (Abbreviation of joint.)
   • 1980 July, Paul Simon, “Late in the Evening”, in One-Trick Pony:

     I stepped outside to smoke myself a J.

   • 1998, Joel and Ethan Coen, The Big Lebowski (motion picture), spoken by The Dude (Jeff Bridges):

     Mind if I do a J?

   • 2023, “Modern Day Ripoff”, in Every Loser, performed by Iggy Pop:

     I ran out of blow a long time ago / I can't smoke a J or my guts fly away

2. In the name of a serial publication: abbreviation of Journal.
   • 1969, The Law Commission, Family Law: Report on Financial Provision in Matrimonial Proceedings (Law Com. No. 25)‎^[1], London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, →OCLC, paragraph 29, note 57:

     "Custody or upbringing" is regarded as including access; yet in B. v. B. & F. above no regard was paid to the welfare of the infants which was irrelevant to the particular issue with which the court was concerned—namely whether children were "children of the family". But the effect was to deprive the husband of access and it seems clear that whether or not he was the father, access could have been awarded to him in an application other than under s. 34 of the 1965 Act if the welfare of the children so demanded: [1969] Cam. L.J. [Cambridge Law Journal] 37 […]

3. (law, postnominal) (plural JJ) Abbreviation of judge or justice.
   • 1992 June 3, Chief Justice Anthony Mason, Justice Michael McHugh, “Mabo v Queensland (No 2)”, in Australasian Legal Information Institute‎^[2], High Court of Australia:

     In the result, six members of the Court (Dawson J. dissenting) are in agreement that the common law of this country recognizes a form of native title which, in the cases where it has not been extinguished, reflects the entitlement of the indigenous inhabitants, in accordance with their laws or customs, to their traditional lands and that, subject to the effect of some particular Crown leases, the land entitlement of the Murray Islanders in accordance with their laws or customs is preserved, as native title, under the law of Queensland. The main difference between those members of the Court who constitute the majority is that, subject to the operation of the Racial Discrimination Act 1975 (Cth), neither of us nor Brennan J. agrees with the conclusion to be drawn from the judgments of Deane, Toohey and Gaudron JJ. that, at least in the absence of clear and unambiguous statutory provision to the contrary, extinguishment of native title by the Crown by inconsistent grant is wrongful and gives rise to a claim for compensatory damages.

4. (British, road transport) Abbreviation of junction.

   The Highways Agency plan to close J10 of the M5 to refurbish the motorway bridge.

5. (card games) Abbreviation of jack.
6. (basketball) Abbreviation of jump shot.
   • 2017 February 18, Mike Gantner, “Durant a big admirer of DeRozan and his work ethic”, in Toronto Sun‎^[3]:

     And Durant had a front seat for just how much work DeRozan was putting in during their time together in Rio. "I watched him man," Durant said. "His footwork in the post is flawless. His jump shot in the mid-range is incredible. That is the type of stuff I look at as a basketball guy, his footwork, his mechanics on his J, his handle. At first he was a dunker and he barely dunks now. He’s a finesse player but he can play power forward. I’m a big fan."

7. (slang, chiefly in the plural) (plural Js or J's) an Air Jordan shoe
   • 2022 December 21, Ghetto Smosh, 1:57 from the start, in MY J’S CAN TALK!?!?‎^[4], via YouTube, archived from the original on 5 June 2023:

     Don't pay no mind, Antwon, it's just an angry-ass J...

Related terms

• CJ (law)
• JA (law)

Translations

playing card

• Danish: Kn (knægt)
• Dutch: B (nl) (boer)
• Estonian: S (et) (sõdur)
• French: V (fr) (valet)
• German: B (de) (Bauer)
• Icelandic: G (gosi)
• Polish: W (pl) (walet)
• Portuguese: V (pt) (valete)
• Russian: В (ru) (V) (валет)
• Swedish: Kn (sv) (knekt)

References

• “Judges and Officials”, in The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation, 19th edition, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Law Review Association, 2010, →ISBN, Table T11, page 443.

Proper noun

J

1. (religion) Abbreviation of Jehovist.

Symbol

J

1. Tatami mat, used as a unit of floorspace area (Kyoto tatami are 0.955 by 1.91 m, Nagoya 0.91 by 1.82 m, Tokyo 0.88 by 1.76 m). (From 畳 (-jō).)

See also

• J-1
• J6
• J antenna
• Jay
• jay
• Jaye
• J-cat
• J-euro
• J-pole antenna
• J-Town
• PB&J

Afrikaans

Pronunciation

• (letter name): IPA^(key): /jɛ/

Letter

J (upper case, lower case j)

1. The tenth letter of the Afrikaans alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) letter; Aa, Bb, Cc, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Qq, Rr, Ss, Tt, Uu, Vv, Ww, Xx, Yy, Zz

Noun

J (plural J's, diminutive J'tjie)

1. J

Angami

Letter

J

1. The nineteenth letter of the Angami alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) Ü ü, Üi üi, A a, Ai ai, I i, Ie ie, U u, Uo uo, E e, Ei ei, O o, Ou ou, K k, Kh kh, G g, Ng ng, C c, Ch ch, J j, Jh jh, Ny ny, T t, Th th, D d, N n, Ts ts, Tsh tsh, Dz dz, P p, Ph ph, B b, M m, Pf pf, Bv bv, Y y, Yh yh, R r, Rh rh, L l, Lh lh, F f, V v, W w, Wh wh, S s, Sh sh, Z z, Zh zh, H h

Araki

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /t͡ʃ/

Letter

J (lowercase j)

1. A letter of the Araki alphabet.

Azerbaijani

Letter

J upper case (lower case j)

1. The fifteenth letter of the Azerbaijani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin script letters) hərf; Aa, Bb, Cc, Çç, Dd, Ee, Əə, Ff, Gg, Ğğ, Hh, Xx, Iı, İi, Jj, Kk, Qq, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Öö, Pp, Rr, Ss, Şş, Tt, Uu, Üü, Vv, Yy, Zz

Basque

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Southern) /xota/, [xo̞.t̪a]
• IPA^(key): (Northern) /jota/, [jo̞.t̪a]

Letter

J (upper case, lower case j)

1. The tenth letter of the Basque alphabet, called jota and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, (Ç ç), D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L, l, M m, N n, Ñ ñ, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, (Ü ü), V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

Catalan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [ˈʒɔ.tə]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [ˈd͡ʒo.ta]

Letter

J (upper case, lower case j)

1. The tenth letter of the Catalan alphabet, called jota and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) lletres; A a (À à), B b, C c (Ç ç), D d, E e (É é, È è), F f, G g, H h, I i (Í í, Ï ï), J j, K k, L l (L·L l·l), M m, N n, O o (Ó ó, Ò ò), P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u (Ú ú, Ü ü), V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

Central Franconian

Etymology

• /j/, /ɣ/ are from West Germanic stem-initial *j; from stem-internal *g; from stem-initial *g in Ripuarian and northernmost Moselle Franconian.

Pronunciation

• /j/, [j], (Moselle Franconian also) [ʑ]

Letter

J

1. A letter in the German-based alphabet of Central Franconian.
2. A letter in the Dutch-based alphabet of Central Franconian.

Usage notes

• After back vowels, /ɣ/ (see G) is used instead of /j/ with few exceptions. The difference between these is thus widely allophonic.

Doubling of J and use in the syllable coda

• In the syllable coda, j is replaced with ch in the German-based spelling, g in the Dutch-based spelling.
• Intervocalically after short (front) vowels, j may be doubled to jj.

Central Mazahua

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /h/, /j/

Letter

J (lower case j)

1. A letter of the Mazahua alphabet.

Chinese

Etymology 1

Initialism of jer (“penis”).

Pronunciation

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zei¹

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• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: zei¹
    • Yale: jēi
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzei¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: zéi¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sei̯⁵⁵/

Noun

J

1. (Hong Kong Cantonese, slang, euphemistic) penis (Classifier: 條／条 c)
2. (Hong Kong Cantonese, slang) person

   廢J／废J [Hong Kong Cantonese]  ―  fai³ zei¹ [Jyutping]  ―  useless person; loser

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 陰莖 (“penis; male genitalia”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		玉莖, 陽具, 陽物, 陰體, 人道, 身根
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		陰莖, 陽具, 男根
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	雞巴, 卵子, 家伙, 帽兒, 大帽兒, 雀子 †, 小雞兒 †, 小蟲兒 †
	Taiwan	雞雞, 屌, 肉棒, 老二, 命根, 命根子, 小弟弟, 小鳥 †, 小雞雞 †
	Harbin	雞巴, 雞巴嘚兒, 雞巴頭子, 嘚兒, 牛子, 老二, 二哥, 腿兒, 牛牛兒 †, 小牛子 †, 家雀兒 †
	Singapore	小鳥 †
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	屌, 小雞兒 †, 小雞雞 †
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	鴨子, 雞子, 雞巴, 屌, 小鴨兒 †
	Rongcheng	鴨子
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	雞巴, 屌, 膀, 雞巴兒 †, 小雞兒雞兒 †
	Wanrong	鴨子, 鴨兒 †
	Xi'an	㞗, 錘子, 牛牛兒 †
	Xining	雞巴, 㞗, 錘子, 雞雞 †
	Xuzhou	屌, 雞巴, 雞尜尜, 屌頭子, 老二, 二哥, 一家人兒, 打種的 dated, 小雞兒 †, 雞兒 †, 尜尜 †, 小老雀兒 †, 老雀兒 †
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	㞗
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	㞗, 雞巴, 雞雞 †
	Lanzhou	㞗, 牛牛子 †
	Ürümqi	㞗, 㞗把子, 錘子, 雞雞 †, 㞗㞗 †
	Jimsar	㞗
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	錘子, 雞巴, 雞棍兒, 雞兒, 雀雀兒, 雀雀, 麻雀兒, 毛鰱魚, 老二, 㞗, 雞雞 †, 小雞兒 †, 小麻雀兒 †, 小雀雀兒 †
	Chongqing	錘子, 卵, 鷄兒, 鴨兒, 雀雀兒, 鷄巴, 㞗, 牙刷兒
	Wuhan	鴨蒂, 雞巴, 卵, 雀雀 †, 鴨鴨 †, 雞雞 †
	Guiyang	雞巴, 大雞巴, 乾雞巴, 馬雞巴, 卵子, 㞗, 屌, 下二哥, 二哥, 甩甩, 錘錘 dated, 錘子 dated, 雞雞 †, 小雞兒 †, 雞兒 †, 麻雀 †, 小麻雀 †, 雀雀 †
	Liuzhou	鳥, 卵, 二老爺, 大頭蟲, 鳥崽 †
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	雞巴, 屌, 麻雀, 小麻雀兒 †
	Yangzhou	雞巴, 屌子, 屌, 卵子, 麻雀子 †
	Nantong	屌兒, 屌
	Hefei	屌, 雞巴, 尕尕雞 †, 尕雞 †
	Huanggang	卵, 雞巴
Cantonese	Guangzhou	鳩, 𨳍, 𡳞, 賓周, 小便, 祠堂, 脧 †, 脧脧 †, 鳩脧 †, 脧仔 †, 咕咕 †, 雀仔 †, 慈姑椗 †
	Hong Kong	鳩, 𨳍, 𡳞, 賓周, 周, 周周, 雀, 弟弟, 細佬, 何B仔, 子孫根, 祠堂, 第三隻腳, 第五肢, 是非根, J slang, 丁 slang, 丁丁 slang, 腸 slang, 腸仔 slang, 嘢 euphemistic, 脧 †, 脧脧 †, 脧脧仔 †, 咕咕 †, 雀仔 †, 慈姑椗 †
	Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)	𡳞, 鵝仔 †
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou)	鵝仔, 𡳞
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	𡳞, 𡳞仔 †
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	𡳞
	Macau	鳩
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	鳩, 𨳍
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	鳩
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	鳩
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	鳩
	Foshan	鳩
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	鳩
	Foshan (Shunde)	鳩
	Foshan (Sanshui)	鳩, 𨳍
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	鳩
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	鳩, 𨳍
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	𨳍
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	鳩脧, 𨳍
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	𨳍, 鳩
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	雀, 𡳞
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	𡳞, 鳩
	Taishan	𡳞, 雀 †, 雀仔 †
	Kaiping (Chikan)	𡳞, 𨳍
	Enping (Niujiang)	𡳞, 𨳍
	Heshan (Yayao)	𨳍
	Dongguan	𡳞, 鵝必 †
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	𡳞
	Qingyuan	鳩
	Fogang	𨳍
	Yingde (Hanguang)	鳩
	Yangshan	巧
	Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui)	巧
	Shaoguan	𨳍
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	鳩
	Renhua	𡳞子
	Lechang	雞巴, 𨳍
	Zhaoqing (Gaoyao)	鳩
	Sihui	巧, 鳩, 𨳍
	Guangning	巧
	Deqing	屌, 𨳍
	Huaiji	鳩
	Fengkai (Nanfeng)	鳩
	Yunfu	𨳍
	Xinxing	𨳍
	Luoding	𨳍
	Yunan (Pingtai)	鳩
	Yangjiang	鳩, 𨳍
	Xinyi	𨳍
	Nanning	𨳍
	Wuzhou	咪, 鳩, 𨳍
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	鳩脧
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	𡳞, 鳩, 𨳍
	Ipoh (Guangfu)	屌, 𨳍, 𡳞, 咕咕, 雀仔, 水喉, 大鵰, 賓周, 慈姑椗
	Singapore (Guangfu)	𡳞, 鳩, 𨳍
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	賓周
Gan	Nanchang	卵, 卵雞子 †, 卵雞 †
	Lichuan	卵, 老二
	Pingxiang	卵, 卵仔 †, 雞仔 †
Hakka	Meixian	𡳞棍, 𡳞仔, 𡳞, 脧, 脧仔 †
	Xingning	脧哩, 𡳞棍
	Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua)	𡳞, 𡳞棍, 脧 †, 咕咕 †
	Huidong (Daling)	𡳞棍, 脧仔
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	脧
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	脧
	Zhongshan (Wuguishan)	𡳞, 脧
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	𨳍
	Wuhua (Shuizhai)	脧哩, 𡳞棍
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	脧哩, 脧, 𡳞棍
	Wuhua (Changbu)	脧
	Wuhua (Mianyang)	脧哩, 𡳞棍
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	𡳞
	Wengyuan	𡳞子
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	𡳞棍
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	𡳞棍, 脧
	Liannan	脧子
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	𨳍
	Jiexi	脧
	Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)	𡳞
	Changting	𡳞子, 𡳞
	Wuping	𡳞
	Wuping (Yanqian)	𡳞子
	Wuping (Pingyu)	𡳞
	Liancheng	𡳞, 脧
	Ninghua	脧
	Yudu	卵, 卵子 †, 尒卵子 †
	Ningdu	卵
	Ruijin	卵陀
	Shicheng	卵梗
	Shangyou (Shexi)	卵
	Tonggu (Sandu)	卵子
	Ganzhou (Panlong)	卵
	Dayu	卵
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	𡳞, 脧, 脧仔
	Miaoli (Zaoqiao; N. Sixian)	脧仔
	Miaoli (Touwu; N. Sixian)	脧仔
	Miaoli (Nanzhuang; N. Sixian)	𡳞棍
	Miaoli (Shitan; N. Sixian)	𡳞棍
	Miaoli (Sanwan; N. Sixian)	𡳞棍
	Miaoli (Toufen; N. Sixian)	𡳞棍
	Miaoli (Gongguan; N. Sixian)	𡳞, 𡳞棍, 脧仔
	Miaoli (Zhuolan; N. Sixian)	𡳞棍, 脧仔
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	𡳞
	Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian)	𡳞
	Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian)	𡳞, 脧仔
	Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian)	𡳞
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	𡳞棍
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	𡳞棍
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	𡳞棍
	Miaoli (Zhuolan; Raoping)	脧
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	脧子
	Hong Kong	𡳞, 脧 †
	Mengshan (Xihe)	𡳞
	Luchuan	脧
	Sabah (Bao'an)	𡳞棍, 𡳞
	Sabah (Longchuan)	脧仔
	Senai (Huiyang)	𡳞棍
	Singkawang	脧
Huizhou	Jixi	鳥, 老八鳥, 八鳥
	Shexian	鳥
	Huangshan (Tunxi)	雞兒, 鳥兒
	Xiuning	鳥, 卵, 雞兒, 雞雞 †, 下身 euphemistic
	Yixian	卵
	Qimen	屌兒
	Wuyuan	菩蒂
Jin	Taiyuan	㞗, 雞巴, 雀兒, 雞雞 †, 狗雞兒 †
	Taiyuan (Jiancaoping)	雞巴, 㞗
	Pingyao	㞗兒, 秤桿, 狗雞兒 †, 雞兒 †, 狗雞雞 †
	Xinzhou	㞗, 雞巴, 雞雞, 二掌櫃, 小腹, 雞溜子 †, 雞溜 †, 毛㞗 of an adult
	Shenmu	㞗, 屌子, 雞溜子, 雞雞 †, 沙奶奶 †
Northern Min	Jian'ou	𫵓, 𫵓仔, 𫵓𫵓仔 †
	Jian'ou (Dikou)	𫵓
	Songxi	𫵓
	Zhenghe	𫵓
	Zhenghe (Zhenqian)	𫵓牯
	Jianyang	𫵓
	Wuyishan	脧
	Pucheng (Shibei)	脧
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	欛欛, 䐯鳥, 欛欛囝 †, 鳥鳥囝 †, 䐯鳥囝 †
	Fuzhou (Changle)	欛欛囝
	Fuqing	䐯, 鳥 †
	Yongtai	䐯鳥
	Gutian	䐯鳥
	Fu'an	䐯鳥
	Ningde	䐯
	Shouning	䐯鳥
	Zhouning	䐯鳥
	Fuding	䐯䐯, 䐯鳥
	Matsu	欛欛
Southern Min	Xiamen	𡳞鳥, 𡳞𦉎, 𡳞, 鳥仔 †
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	𡳞鳥
	Quanzhou	𡳞鳥, 𡳞𦉎, 𡳞, 鳥仔 †
	Jinjiang	𡳞鳥
	Anxi	𡳞鳥
	Yongchun	𡳞鳥
	Zhangzhou	𡳞鳥, 𡳞𦉎, 𡳞, 鳥仔 †
	Zhangpu	𡳞
	Zhao'an	𡳞鳥
	Dongshan	𡳞鳥, 𡳞鳥仔 †
	Taipei	𡳞鳥
	Taipei (Wanhua)	𡳞鳥
	New Taipei (Tamsui)	𡳞鳥
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	𡳞鳥
	New Taipei (Pingxi)	𡳞鳥
	Kaohsiung	𡳞鳥
	Kaohsiung (Cijin)	𡳞鳥
	Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang)	𡳞鳥
	Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang)	𡳞鳥
	Kaohsiung (Tianliao)	𡳞鳥
	Yilan	𡳞鳥
	Yilan (Luodong)	𡳞鳥
	Yilan (Toucheng)	𡳞鳥
	Changhua (Lukang)	𡳞鳥
	Taichung	𡳞鳥
	Taichung (Wuqi)	𡳞鳥
	Tainan	𡳞鳥, 戛, 訶
	Tainan (Anping)	𡳞鳥
	Taitung	𡳞鳥
	Hsinchu	𡳞鳥
	Kinmen	𡳞鳥
	Penghu (Magong)	𡳞鳥
	Penghu (Xiyu)	𡳞鳥
	Penang (Hokkien)	𡳞鳥, 𡳞, 小弟, 咕咕鳥, 咕咕
	Singapore (Hokkien)	𡳞鳥, 𡳞, 弟弟, 小弟, 咕咕鳥 †, childish
	Manila (Hokkien)	𡳞鳥
	Zhangping (Yongfu)	𡳞, 𡳞公仔 †
	Datian	𡳞鳥
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	鳩
	Chaozhou	𡳞鳥, 𡳞
	Raoping	𡳞鳥, 𡳞
	Shantou	𡳞鳥, 𡳞
	Shantou (Chenghai)	𡳞
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	𡳞鳥
	Nan'ao (Houzhai)	𡳞
	Nan'ao (Yun'ao)	𡳞
	Jieyang	𡳞鳥, 𡳞, 鳥 †, 龜鳥 †
	Haifeng	𡳞鳥
	Bangkok (Teochew)	鳥, 𡳞, 𡳞鳥囝 †
	Chiang Mai (Teochew)	𡳞
	Hat Yai (Teochew)	𡳞, 𡳞鳥囝 †
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	𡳞
	Singapore (Teochew)	𡳞鳥, 𡳞
	Leizhou	𡳞, 鳥, 殼車, 家私, 尻川柄
	Wenchang	頹
	Haikou	頹, 鳥 †
Puxian Min	Putian	𡳞, 𡳞囝
	Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang)	𡳞, 𡳞鳥, 𡳞鳥囝 †
	Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang)	𡳞, 𡳞囝
	Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu)	𡳞, 𡳞囝, 𡳞鳥 †, 𡳞鳥囝 †
	Xianyou	𡳞, 𡳞鳥, 𡳞鳥囝 †
	Xianyou (Fengting)	𡳞, 𡳞鳥, 𡳞鳥囝 †
	Xianyou (Youyang)	𡳞, 𡳞鳥, 𡳞鳥囝 †
Central Min	Yong'an	脧
	Sanming (Sanyuan)	脧
	Sanming (Shaxian)	脧仔
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Sanxiang)	卵, 卵脬
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	𨳍, 麻鳥, 二老弟, 慈姑椗 †
Shehua	Fu'an	𡳞仔
	Fuding	𡳞仔
	Luoyuan	𡳞仔
	Sanming	𡳞仔
	Shunchang	𡳞仔
	Hua'an	𡳞仔
	Guixi (Zhangping)	𡳞仔
	Cangnan	𡳞仔
	Jingning (Hexi)	𡳞
	Lishui	𡳞
	Longyou	𡳞鳥
	Chaozhou	𡳞仔
	Fengshun	𡳞仔
Wu	Shanghai	卵, 屌屌 †, 屌屌頭 †, 小雞雞 †, 麻鳥 †
	Shanghai (Chongming)	卵, 卵子, 卵卵 †, 小尿螺 †
	Suzhou	卵, 鳥, 雞雞 †, 小卵 †, 長生果 †
	Wuxi	卵
	Danyang	卵, 卵子, 屌子, 屌, 雞巴, 雞雞 †, 小雀雀 †, 雀雀 †, 八八 †, 八雞 †
	Hangzhou	雀兒, 八屌, 卵脬, 小八屌 †, 麻雀兒 †, 麻油壺兒 †
	Ningbo	卵, 卵子, 卵瓜瓜 †, 瓜瓜 †
	Wenzhou	頹, 卵脬, 卵脬兒, 臀卵脬, 脬兒 †, 脬脬兒 †, 奶哥鳥兒 †
	Jinhua	老八兒, 聊子, 雀, 雞巴, 八兒八兒 †
Xiang	Changsha	卵, 雞巴, 掉它, 太鬍子, 雞雞 †, 鳥鳥 †, 鳥 †, 梗梗 †
	Loudi	雞巴, 卵, 勺欛腦殼, 雞雞 †, 雞崽唧 †
	Shuangfeng	卵子, 雞蓀子 †
	Quanzhou	屌把
Note	† - of a boy

Derived terms

• fam J
• 廢J / 废J
• 打J
• 賭J / 赌J

Verb

J (Hong Kong Cantonese, Internet slang)

1. to masturbate; to have sexual fantasy towards another individual
2. (in general) to fantasize; to fantasize about something for the feel-good feeling

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 手淫 (“(of a male) to masturbate; to jerk off”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		手淫, 自慰, 自瀆, 自撫, 自淫
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	打手槍, 打槍, 尻槍, 尻手槍, 尻尻, 尻, 自慰, DIY
	Singapore	打手槍, 打飛機
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	擼鴨子, 擼管兒
Southwestern Mandarin	Liuzhou	打手銃
Cantonese	Hong Kong	打飛機, 打J, J, 打丁, 搵五姑娘, DIY
	Singapore (Guangfu)	打飛機
Hakka	Meixian	打手銃
	Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua)	打手銃, 打飛機
	Huidong (Daling)	打手銃
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	打水銃
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	摸𡳞
	Changting	打手銃
	Wuping	搞𡳞
	Wuping (Pingyu)	搞𡳞
	Liancheng	打手銃
	Yudu	打手銃
	Ruijin	打手銃
	Shangyou (Shexi)	打手銃
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	打手銃
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	打手槍
	Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian)	打手銃
	Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian)	打手銃
	Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian)	打手銃
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	打手銃, 洩手銃
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	打手銃
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	打手銃, 洩手銃
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	打手銃, 洩手銃
Jin	Pingyao	耍㞗兒
Northern Min	Jian'ou	𢫦草屩
Southern Min	Xiamen	拍手銃
	Quanzhou	拍手銃
	Zhangzhou	拍手銃
	Zhao'an	拍手銃
	Taipei (Wanhua)	拍手銃
	Kaohsiung	拍手銃
	Yilan	拍手銃
	Changhua (Lukang)	拍手銃
	Taichung	拍手銃
	Taichung (Wuqi)	拍手銃
	Tainan	拍手銃
	Taitung	拍手銃
	Hsinchu	拍手銃
	Penghu (Magong)	拍手銃
	Penang (Hokkien)	拍手銃
	Singapore (Hokkien)	拍手銃
	Manila (Hokkien)	拍手銃
	Jieyang	敲手銃
	Leizhou	拍手銃
Wu	Shanghai	搓卵 dated
	Ningbo	打手銃
Xiang	Loudi	打手銃

Derived terms

• J圖 / J图

Related terms

• JJ

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.		J
alternative forms		積／积 Cantonese

From the letter J of the English pattern playing cards. Various names exist for this symbol in the spoken language.

Mandarin gōu

From 鉤 / 钩 (gōu, “hook”), because the letter J resembles a hook.

Cantonese zik¹

Borrowed from English jack.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gōu (gou¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄡ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zik¹

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gōu
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄡ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gou
    • Wade–Giles: kou¹
    • Yale: gōu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gou
    • Palladius: гоу (gou)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /koʊ̯⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: zik¹
    • Yale: jīk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzik⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: jig¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɪk̚⁵/

Noun

J

1. (card games) jack (Classifier: 隻／只; 張／张)

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 鉤兒 (“jack (playing cards)”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	鉤兒
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	鉤, 十一
	Zhengzhou	鉤, 十一
	Xi'an	丁子
	Xuzhou	丁鉤兒, 甲鉤兒
Lanyin Mandarin	Ürümqi	丁鉤兒
Southwestern Mandarin	Wuhan	鉤子, 鉤, 鉤鉤, 孫子
	Guiyang	鉤鉤, 鉤, 夾鉤
	Liuzhou	歐
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	丁鉤
	Yangzhou	茄鉤, 傑鉤
Cantonese	Guangzhou	積
	Hong Kong	積
	Taishan	積
	Wuzhou	積
	Yulin	鉤
Gan	Nanchang	鉤
	Lichuan	鉤子
	Pingxiang	鉤子, 鉤
Hakka	Yudu	鉤子
Huizhou	Jixi	丁鉤
Jin	Taiyuan	鉤子
Southern Min	Xiamen	丁
	Shantou	丁
	Puning	丁
Wu	Shanghai	茄勾
	Shanghai (Chongming)	斜鉤
	Suzhou	茄杠

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhèi (zhei⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄟˋ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhèi
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄟˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhèi
    • Wade–Giles: chei⁴
    • Yale: jèi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jey
    • Palladius: чжэй (čžɛj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂeɪ̯⁵¹/

Pronoun

J

1. (Mandarin, slang) Alternative form of 這 / 这

Etymology 4

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhèi (zhei⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄟˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zei¹
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chei

  (Teochew, Peng'im): rêi⁵

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶jie; ⁶je; ⁶jia

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhèi
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄟˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhèi
    • Wade–Giles: chei⁴
    • Yale: jèi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jey
    • Palladius: чжэй (čžɛj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂeɪ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: zei¹
    • Yale: jēi
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzei¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: zéi¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sei̯⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chei
    • Tâi-lô: tsei
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sei⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: rêi⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jêi
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /d͡zei⁵⁵/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶jie; ⁶je; ⁶jia
    • MiniDict: jiae^去; je^去; jia^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³jjie; ³jje; ³jjia
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /d͡ʑie²³/, /d͡ʑe²³/, /d͡ʑia²³/

Note: ⁶j(i)e - often [dʑ(i)e˨˥˧].

Letter

J

1. The tenth letter of the Latin alphabet.

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jī, jiē (ji¹, jie¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧ, ㄐㄧㄝ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, common)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jī
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ji
    • Wade–Giles: chi¹
    • Yale: jī
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ji
    • Palladius: цзи (czi)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi⁵⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, official)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jiē
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄝ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jie
    • Wade–Giles: chieh¹
    • Yale: jyē
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jie
    • Palladius: цзе (cze)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵/

Letter

J

1. The tenth letter used in Pinyin.

Usage notes

• 《汉语拼音方案》 defines a standard pronunciation for each letter. However, these pronunciations are rarely used in education; another pronunciation is commonly used instead.
• The pronunciation above are only used while referring to letters in Pinyin. They are not used in other context (such as English).

References

• Bauer, Robert S. (2021) ABC Cantonese-English Comprehensive Dictionary, Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, →ISBN, page 1058

Chipewyan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /t͜ʃ/

Letter

J (lower case j)

1. A letter of the Chipewyan alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Dutch

Pronunciation

• (letter name): IPA^(key): /jeː/

• Audio:

  (file)

Letter

J (capital, lowercase j)

1. the tenth letter of the Dutch alphabet

See also

• Previous letter: I
• Next letter: K

Esperanto

Pronunciation

• (phoneme): in a syllable onset, IPA^(key): /j/; in a coda, IPA^(key): /i̯/

• Audio:

  (file)

Letter

J (upper case, lower case j)

1. The thirteenth letter of the Esperanto alphabet, called jo or je and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin script letters) litero; Aa, Bb, Cc, Ĉĉ, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Ĝĝ, Hh, Ĥĥ, Ii, Jj, Ĵĵ, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Rr, Ss, Ŝŝ, Tt, Uu, Ŭŭ, Vv, Zz

Estonian

Letter

J (upper case, lower case j)

1. The tenth letter of the Estonian alphabet, called jott and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) täht; A a, B b (C c), D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p (Q q), R r, S s, Š š, Z z, Ž ž, T t, U u, V v (W w), Õ õ, Ä ä, Ö ö, Ü ü (X x, Y y)

Finnish

Etymology

The Finnish orthography using the Latin script was based on those of Swedish, German and Latin, and was first used in the mid-16th century. No earlier script is known. See the Wikipedia article on Finnish for more information, and J for information on the development of the glyph itself.

Letter

J (upper case, lower case j)

1. The tenth letter of the Finnish alphabet, called jii and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) kirjain; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s (Š š), T t, U u, V v (W w), X x, Y y, Z z (Ž ž), Å å, Ä ä, Ö ö

German

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /jɔt/

• Audio:

  (file)

Letter

J (upper case, lower case j)

1. The tenth letter of the German alphabet, called Jot and written in the Latin script.

Symbol

J

1. (chemistry) The chemical symbol of iodine.
2. (card games) A jack, also called Junge.

Hungarian

Pronunciation

• (phoneme): IPA^(key): [ˈj]
• (letter name): IPA^(key): [ˈjeː]

Letter

J (upper case, lower case j)

1. The seventeenth letter of the Hungarian alphabet, called jé and written in the Latin script.

Declension

Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, front unrounded harmony)

	singular	plural
nominative	J	J-k
accusative	J-t	J-ket
dative	J-nek	J-knek
instrumental	J-vel	J-kkel
causal-final	J-ért	J-kért
translative	J-vé	J-kké
terminative	J-ig	J-kig
essive-formal	J-ként	J-kként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	J-ben	J-kben
superessive	J-n	J-ken
adessive	J-nél	J-knél
illative	J-be	J-kbe
sublative	J-re	J-kre
allative	J-hez	J-khez
elative	J-ből	J-kből
delative	J-ről	J-kről
ablative	J-től	J-ktől
non-attributive possessive – singular	J-é	J-ké
non-attributive possessive – plural	J-éi	J-kéi

Possessive forms of J

possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	J-m	J-im
2nd person sing.	J-d	J-id
3rd person sing.	J-je	J-i
1st person plural	J-nk	J-ink
2nd person plural	J-tek	J-itek
3rd person plural	J-jük	J-ik

See also

• (Latin-script letters) betű; A a, Á á, B b, C c, Cs cs, D d, Dz dz, Dzs dzs, E e, É é, F f, G g, Gy gy, H h, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, Ly ly, M m, N n, Ny ny, O o, Ó ó, Ö ö, Ő ő, P p, Q q, R r, S s, Sz sz, T t, Ty ty, U u, Ú ú, Ü ü, Ű ű, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z, Zs zs

Further reading

• j in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.

Icelandic

Letter

J (lower case j)

1. The thirteenth letter of the Icelandic alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) bókstafur; A a, Á á, B b, D d, Рð, E e, É é, F f, G g, H h, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, Ó ó, P p, R r, S s, T t, U u, Ú ú, V v, X x, Y y, Ý ý, Þ þ, Æ æ, Ö ö

Ido

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʒ/

Letter

J (lower case j)

1. The tenth letter of the Ido alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) litero; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L, l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

Indonesian

Pronunciation

• (letter name): IPA^(key): /d͡ʒe/
• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /d͡ʒ/

Letter

J (upper case, lower case j)

1. The tenth letter of the Indonesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin script letters) Aa, Bb, Cc, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Qq, Rr, Ss, Tt, Uu, Vv, Ww, Xx, Yy, Zz

Italian

Pronunciation

• (letter name) IPA^(key): /i‿lˈlun.ɡa/, /i‿lˈlun.ɡo/, /ˈd͡ʒɛj/, /ˈd͡ʒej/, /ˈjɔd/
  • Rhymes: -ɛj, -ej, -ɔd
• (phonemic realization) IPA^(key): /j/, /ʒ/, /d͡ʒ/ (varies according to the source language of the borrowed term)

Letter

J f or m (invariable, upper case, lower case j)

1. the tenth letter of the Latin alphabet, called i lunga in Italian

Usage notes

• The letter J is not considered part of the contemporary Italian alphabet. It is found in loanwords, including Latinisms, where it is a variant of the letter I.
• Until the early 20th century, however, it was common (though surely not obligatory) to replace I with J when it had the sound /j/ and was both preceded and followed by a vowel; thus cuoiaio was also written cuojajo.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) lettera; A a (À à), B b, C c, D d, E e (É é, È è), F f, G g, H h, I i (Í í, Ì ì, Î î, J j, K k), L l, M m, N n, O o (Ó ó, Ò ò), P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u (Ú ú, Ù ù), V v (W w, X x, Y y), Z z
• Italian alphabet on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Kankanaey

Etymology

Borrowed from Tagalog J. Letter pronunciation is influenced by English J.

Pronunciation

• (letter name) IPA^(key): /ˈdjej/ [ˈd͡ʒei̯]
  • Rhymes: -ej
• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /d͡ʒ/ [d͡ʒ]

Letter

J (upper case, lower case j)

1. The tenth letter of the Kankanaey alphabet, called dyey and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) letra; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ñ ñ, Ng ng, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

References

• Komisyon ng Wikang Filipino (2016) Ortograpiya di Kankanaëy [Kankanaey Orthography]‎^[5] (in Kankanaey and Tagalog), →ISBN, pages 10-11

Kashubian

Etymology

The Kashubian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the Kashubian alphabet article on Wikipedia for more, and J for development of the glyph itself.

Letter

J (upper case, lower case j)

1. The fourteenth letter of the Kashubian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a, Ą ą, àã, B b, C c, D d, E e, É é, Ë ë, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, Ł ł, M m, N n, O o, Ò ò, Ó ó, Ô ô, P p, R r, S s, T t, U u, Ù ù, W w, Y y, Z z, Ż ż

Latin

In Latin, the letter J is a modern typographical convention for the consonant form of I. The letter I in ancient times represented either a vowel or a consonant, see I for more information.

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /i̯/, [i̯]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /j/, [j]

Letter

J

1. A letter of the Latin alphabet.

References

• "J", in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Latvian

Etymology

Proposed in 1908 as part of the new Latvian spelling by the scientific commission headed by K. Mīlenbahs, which was accepted and began to be taught in schools in 1909. Prior to that, Latvian had been written in German Fraktur, and sporadically in Cyrillic.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [j]

• Audio:

  (file)

Letter

J

J (upper case, lower case j)

1. The fifteenth letter of the Latvian alphabet, called jē and written in the Latin script.

See also

• Letters of the Latvian alphabet:

  burti: Aa, Āā, Bb, Cc, Čč, Dd, Ee, Ēē, Ff, Gg, Ģģ, Hh, Ii, Īī, Jj, Kk, Ķķ, Ll, Ļļ, Mm, Nn, Ņņ, Oo, Pp, Rr, Ss, Šš, Tt, Uu, Ūū, Vv, Zz, Žž

Malay

Pronunciation

• (Name of letter) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒe]
• (Phoneme, Syllable initial) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒ]
• (Phoneme, Syllable final) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃ]

Letter

J

1. The tenth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin script letters) Aa, Bb, Cc, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Qq, Rr, Ss, Tt, Uu, Vv, Ww, Xx, Yy, Zz

Maltese

Letter

J (upper case, lower case j)

1. The fourteenth letter of the Maltese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) ittra; A a, B b, Ċ ċ, D d, E e, F f, Ġ ġ, G g, Għ għ, H h, Ħ ħ, I i, Ie ie, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Ż ż, Z z

Navajo

Letter

J (lower case j)

1. A letter of the Navajo alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a (Á á, Ą ą, Ą́ ą́), B b, Ch ch, Chʼ chʼ, D d, Dl dl, Dz dz, E e (É é, Ę ę, Ę́ ę́), G g, Gh gh, H h, Hw hw, X x, I i (Í í, Į į, Į́ į́), J j, K k, Kʼ kʼ, Kw kw, ʼ, L l, Ł ł, M m, N n (Ń ń), O o (Ó ó, Ǫ ǫ, Ǫ́ ǫ́), S s, Sh sh, T t, Tʼ tʼ, Tł tł, Tłʼ tłʼ, Ts ts, Tsʼ tsʼ, W w, Y y, Z z, Zh zh

Norwegian

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /jɛː/

Letter

J (upper case J, lower case j)

1. the tenth letter of the Norwegian alphabet

Usage notes

In old inscriptions and texts may be replaced by i. In neo-runic inscriptions from 17-19th centuries is usually replaced with the rune ᛁ (sometimes with a dot on top, so it looks like the letter İ)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from English J, a short form of joint

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /jɛː/

Noun

J'

1. (slang) a joint (marijuna cigarette)

Nupe

Pronunciation

• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /d͡ʒ/

Letter

J (upper case, lower case j)

1. The twelfth letter of the Nupe alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) banki; A a (Á á, À à), B b, C c, D d, Dz dz, E e (É é, È è), F f, G g, Gb gb, H h, I i (Í í, Ì ì), J j, K k, Kp kp, L l, M m (Ḿ ḿ, M̀ m̀, M̄ m̄), N n (Ń ń, Ǹ ǹ, N̄ n̄), O o (Ó ó, Ò ò), P p, R r, S s, Sh sh, T t, Ts ts, U u (Ú ú, Ù ù), V v, W w, Y y, Z z, Zh zh

Polish

Etymology

The Polish orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the history of Polish orthography article on Wikipedia for more, and J for development of the glyph itself.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈjɔt/

Letter

J (upper case, lower case j)

1. The thirteenth letter of the Polish alphabet, called jot and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a, Ą ą, B b, C c, Ć ć, D d, E e, Ę ę, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, Ł ł, M m, N n, Ń ń, O o, Ó ó, P p, R r, S s, Ś ś, T t, U u, W w, Y y, Z z, Ź ź, Ż ż

Portuguese

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈʒɔ.tɐ/, [ˈʒɔ.tɐ]

Letter

J (upper case, lower case j)

1. The tenth letter of the Portuguese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) letra; A a (Á á, À à, Â â, Ã ã), B b, C c (Ç ç), D d, E e (É é, Ê ê), F f, G g, H h, I i (Í í), J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o (Ó ó, Ô ô, Õ õ), P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u (Ú ú), V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

Romani

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /j/

Letter

J (upper case, lower case j)

1. (International Standard) The thirteenth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.
2. (Pan-Vlax) The fourteenth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, X x, I i, J j, K k, Kh kh, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Ph ph, R r, S s, T t, Th th, U u, V v, Z z International Standard: (À à, Ä ä, Ǎ ǎ), Ć ć, Ćh ćh, (È è, Ë ë, Ě ě), (Ì ì, Ï ï, Ǐ ǐ), (Ò ò, Ö ö, Ǒ ǒ), Rr rr, Ś ś, (Ù ù, Ü ü, Ǔ ǔ), Ź ź, Ʒ ʒ, Q q, Ç ç, ϴ θ. Pan-Vlax: Č č, Čh čh, Dž dž, (Dź dź), Ř ř, Š š, (Ś ś), Ž ž, (Ź ź).

References

• Yūsuke Sumi (2018) “J, j”, in ニューエクスプレス　ロマ（ジプシー）語 [New Express Romani (Gypsy)] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha, →ISBN, page 14

Romanian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʒ/

Letter

J (upper case, lower case j)

1. The thirteenth letter of the Romanian alphabet, called je or jî and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin script letters) Aa, Ăă, Ââ, Bb, Cc, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Îî, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Qq, Rr, Ss, Șș, Tt, Țț, Uu, Vv, Ww, Xx, Yy, Zz

Saanich

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /t͡ʃʼ/

Letter

J

1. The thirteenth letter of the Saanich alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A, Á, Ⱥ, B, C, Ć, Ȼ, D, E, H, I, Í, J, K, Ꝁ, Ꝃ, ₭, Ḵ, Ḱ, L, Ƚ, M, N, Ṉ, O, P, Q, S, Ś, T, Ⱦ, Ṯ, Ŧ, U, W, W̱, X, X̱, Y, Z, s, ¸

Silesian

Etymology

The Silesian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the Silesian language article on Wikipedia for more, and J for development of the glyph itself.

Letter

J (upper case, lower case j)

1. The twelfth letter of the Silesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a, àã, B b, C c, Ć ć, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, Ł ł, M m, N n, Ń ń, O o, Ŏ ŏ, Ō ō, Ô ô, Õ õ, P p, R r, S s, Ś ś, T t, U u, W w, Y y, Z z, Ź ź, Ż ż

Skolt Sami

Pronunciation

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /ʝ/

Letter

J (lower case j)

1. The seventeenth letter of the Skolt Sami alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) bukva; A a,  â, B b, C c, Č č, Ʒ ʒ, Ǯ ǯ, D d, Đ đ, E e, F f, G g, Ǧ ǧ, Ǥ ǥ, H h, I i, J j, K k, Ǩ ǩ, L l, M m, N n, Ŋ ŋ, O o, Õ õ, P p, R r, S s, Š š, T t, U u, V v, Z z, Ž ž, Å å, Ä ä, ʹ

Slovene

Letter

J (capital, lowercase j)

1. The eleventh letter of the Slovene alphabet, written in the Latin script.
2. The seventeenth letter of the Slovene alphabet (Resian), written in the Latin script.
3. The twelfth letter of the Slovene alphabet (Natisone Valley dialect), written in the Latin script.

Somali

Pronunciation

• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /tʃ/
• (letter name): IPA^(key): /tʃæ/

Letter

J upper case (lower case j)

1. The fourth letter of the Somali alphabet, called ja and written in the Latin script.

Usage notes

• The fourth letter of the Somali alphabet, which follows Arabic abjad order. It is preceded by T and followed by X.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) ʼ, B b, T t, J j, X x, Kh kh, D d, R r, S s, Sh sh, Dh dh, C c, G g, F f, Q q, K k, L l, M m, N n, W w, H h, Y y, A a, E e, I i, O o, U u

Spanish

Letter

J (upper case, lower case j)

1. the tenth letter of the Spanish alphabet

Swedish

Letter

J (upper case, lower case j)

1. the tenth letter of the Swedish alphabet

See also

• (Latin-script letters) bokstav; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z, Å å, Ä ä, Ö ö

Pronoun

J

1. Archaic form of ni (“you”), alternative letter-case form of j [since 1522]

   Synonyms: I, i

   • 1740, Carl Gyllenborg, Swenska Sprätthöken, Comédie, Uti 5. Acter‎^[6], page 40:

     [...] och då skall J få bli qwar i Stockholm, til deß måßan wäxer på Er, för Juncker Torbiörn.

     [...] and then You will stay in Stockholm, until the moss grows on you, for Juncker Torbiörn.

Tagalog

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish J. Each pronunciation has a different source:

• Filipino alphabet pronunciation is influenced by English J.
• Abecedario pronunciation is from Spanish J.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog)
  • IPA^(key): /ˈdjej/ [ˈd͡ʒeɪ̯] (letter name, Filipino alphabet)
    • IPA^(key): (no yod coalescence) /ˈdjej/ [ˈd̪jeɪ̯] (letter name, Filipino alphabet)
    • Rhymes: -ej
  • IPA^(key): /ˈhota/ [ˈhoː.t̪ɐ] (letter name, Abecedario)
    • Rhymes: -ota
  • IPA^(key): /d͡ʒ/ [d͡ʒ] (phoneme)
    • IPA^(key): (no yod coalescence) /dj/ [d̪j] (phoneme)
  • IPA^(key): /h/ [h] (phoneme, Spanish unadapted loanwords)
  • IPA^(key): /s/ [s] (phoneme, Spanish unadapted loanwords, obsolete)

Letter

J (upper case, lower case j)

1. The tenth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Filipino alphabet), called dyey and written in the Latin script.
2. (historical) The eleventh letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abecedario), called jota and written in the Latin script.

Usage notes

• This letter is mostly used only in slang, proper nouns, or unadapted loanwords.
• Some Spanish words originally with Spanish ⟨J⟩ tend to be replaced with ⟨H⟩ in Tagalog.
• Some purists of Tagalog replace ⟨J⟩ in English words with ⟨DY⟩.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) titik; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ñ ñ, Ng ng, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

Further reading

• “J”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

Turkish

Pronunciation

• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /ʒ/
• (letter name): IPA^(key): /ʒeː/

Letter

J (upper case, lower case j)

1. The thirteenth letter of the Turkish alphabet, called je and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin script letters) harf; Aa, Bb, Cc, Çç, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Ğğ, Hh, Iı, İi, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Öö, Pp, Rr, Ss, Şş, Tt, Uu, Üü, Vv, Yy, Zz

Uzbek

Pronunciation

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /d͡ʒ/

Letter

J (lower case j)

1. The ninth letter of the Uzbek alphabet, called je and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) harf; A a, B b, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, X x, Y y, Z z, Oʻ oʻ, Gʻ gʻ, Sh sh, Ch ch, Ng ng

Welsh

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dʒeː/

Letter

J (upper case, lower case j)

1. The fourteenth letter of the Welsh alphabet, called je and written in the Latin script. It is preceded by I and followed by L.

Mutation

• J cannot be mutated in Welsh.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) llythyren; A a (Á á, À à,  â, Ä ä), B b, C c, Ch ch, D d, Dd dd, E e (É é, È è, Ê ê, Ë ë), F f, Ff ff, G g, Ng ng, H h, I i (Í í, Ì ì, Πî, Ï ï), J j, L l, Ll ll, M m, N n, O o (Ó ó, Ò ò, Ô ô, Ö ö), P p, Ph ph, R r, Rh rh, S s, T t, Th th, U u (Ú ú, Ù ù, Û û, Ü ü), W w (Ẃ ẃ, Ẁ ẁ, Ŵ ŵ, Ẅ ẅ), Y y (Ý ý, Ỳ ỳ, Ŷ ŷ, Ÿ ÿ)

Further reading

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “J”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

Yoruba

Pronunciation

• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /d͡ʒ/
• (letter name): IPA^(key): /d͡ʒí/

Letter

J (upper case, lower case j)

1. The eleventh letter of the Yoruba alphabet, called jí and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) lẹ́tà; A a (Á á, À à, Ā ā), B b, D d, E e (É é, È è, Ē ē), Ẹ ẹ (Ẹ́ ẹ́, Ẹ̀ ẹ̀, Ẹ̄ ẹ̄), F f, G g, Gb gb, H h, I i (Í í, Ì ì, Ī ī), J j, K k, L l, M m (Ḿ ḿ, M̀ m̀, M̄ m̄), N n (Ń ń, Ǹ ǹ, N̄ n̄), O o (Ó ó, Ò ò, Ō ō), Ọ ọ (Ọ́ ọ́, Ọ̀ ọ̀, Ọ̄ ọ̄), P p, R r, S s, Ṣ ṣ, T t, U u (Ú ú, Ù ù, Ū ū), W w, Y y
• (Benin)
• (Latin-script letters) lɛ́tà; A a, B b, D d, E e, Ɛ ɛ, F f, G g, Gb gb, H h, I i, J j, K k, Kp kp, L l, M m, N n, O o, Ɔ ɔ, P p, R r, S s, Sh sh, T t, U u, W w, Y y

Zulu

Letter

J (upper case, lower case j)

1. The tenth letter of the Zulu alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z