c

Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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See also: C and Appendix:Variations of "c"
Letter c.svg
c U+0063, c
LATIN SMALL LETTER C
← b
[U+0062] 		Basic Latin d →
[U+0064]
Character variations
U+217D.svg
ⅽ U+217D, ⅽ
SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL ONE HUNDRED
← ⅼ
[U+217C] 		Number Forms ⅾ →
[U+217E]
ｃ U+FF43, ｃ
FULLWIDTH LATIN SMALL LETTER C
← ｂ
[U+FF42] 		Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms ｄ →
[U+FF44]

Translingual[edit]

English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Etymology 1[edit]

Etruscan 𐌂 (c), the source for Latin C Modification of upper case letter C, from Etruscan 𐌂 (c), from Ancient Greek Γ (G, “Gamma”), from Phoenician 𐤂‎ (g, “gimel”).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • (IPA symbol)
    IPA
    		(file)

Letter[edit]

c (upper case C)

  1. The third letter of the basic modern Latin alphabet.
Usage notes[edit]
  • Not to be confused with ϲ (s) (the lunate sigma).
  • In many languages, the letter c represents both a “hard” /k/ sound and a “soft” sound (/s/, /ts/, /tʃ/, or /θ/), based on the following letter.
  • In a number of languages, it is used only for the /tʃ/ sound.
  • In many languages, it occurs frequently in the digraph with ch.
  • In some romanization systems of non-Latin scripts, it represents /tʃ/, /θ/, or /tsʰ/.
See also[edit]

Symbol[edit]

English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

c

  1. (IPA) voiceless palatal plosive.

Etymology 2[edit]

Lower case form of upper case roman numeral C, a standardization of Ɔ and C because the latter happens to be an abbreviation of Latin centum (“hundred”), from abbreviation of ƆIC, an alternate form of >I<, from tally stick markings resembling Ж (a superimposed X and I), from the practice of designating each tenth X notch with an extra cut.

Alternative forms[edit]

Numeral[edit]

c (lower case Roman numeral, upper case C)

  1. cardinal number one hundred (100).
Usage notes[edit]

With a bar over the numeral, i.e., as c, it represents one hundred thousand.

Derived terms[edit]
See also[edit]
  • Lesser roman numeral symbol: l (“50”)
  • Greater roman numeral symbol: d (“500”)
  • Roman numerals

Etymology 3[edit]

From centi-, from Latin centum (“hundred”).

Symbol[edit]

c

  1. centi-.

Etymology 4[edit]

From Latin celeritās (“speed”).

Symbol[edit]

c

  1. (physics) The speed of light, 2.99792458 × 108 m/s.

Etymology 5[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Symbol[edit]

c

  1. (mathematics) The space of convergent sequences.

Gallery[edit]

  • Letter styles

  • Capital and lowercase versions of C, in normal and italic type

  • Uppercase and lowercase C in Fraktur

See also[edit]

Other representations of C:

English[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

The k-rune ᚲ, an older version of Anglo-Saxon Futhorc letter ᚳ

Anglo-Saxon Futhorc letter ᚳ, which was later replaced by Latin ‘c’ Old English lower case letter c, from 7th century replacement by Latin lower case c of the Anglo-Saxon Futhorc letter ᚳ (c, “cen”).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • (letter name): IPA(key): /siː/ (usually spelled cee)
Audio (UK)
(file)
Audio (US)
(file)
Rhymes: -iː

Letter[edit]

c (lower case, upper case C, plural cs or c's)

  1. The third letter of the English alphabet, called cee and written in the Latin script.

Number[edit]

c (lower case, upper case C)

  1. The ordinal number third, derived from this letter of the English alphabet, called cee and written in the Latin script.

Derived terms[edit]

See also[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Various abbreviations

Adverb[edit]

c

  1. Alternative form of c.

Noun[edit]

c

  1. Alternative form of c.

Etymology 3[edit]

Noun[edit]

c (plural cs or c's)

  1. (music) The middle tone in either one of the sets of seven white keys on a keyboard or a set of seven strings on a stringed instrument.

Etymology 4[edit]

Verb[edit]

c

  1. (Internet slang, text messaging) Abbreviation of see; also C.

Afar[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

c

  1. The sixth letter of the Afar alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also[edit]

Albanian[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA(key): /t͡s(ə)/

Letter[edit]

c (upper case C, lower case c)

  1. The third letter of the Albanian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also[edit]

Azerbaijani[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

c lower case (upper case C)

  1. The third letter of the Azerbaijani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also[edit]

Basque[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

c (lower case, upper case C)

  1. The third letter of the Basque alphabet, called ze and written in the Latin script.

Usage notes[edit]

  • Used chiefly in recent loanwords and foreign proper nouns.

See also[edit]

Catalan[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

c (lower case, upper case C)

  1. The third letter of the Catalan alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also[edit]

Dutch[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

c (lower case, upper case C)

  1. The third letter of the Dutch alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also[edit]

Esperanto[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

c (lower case, upper case C)

  1. The third letter of the Esperanto alphabet, called co and written in the Latin script.

See also[edit]

Estonian[edit]

Estonian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia et

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

c (lower case, upper case C)

  1. The third letter of the Estonian alphabet, called tsee and written in the Latin script.

Usage notes[edit]

  • Used only in foreign words.

See also[edit]

Fijian[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

c (upper case C)

  1. The third letter of the Fijian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also[edit]

Finnish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ˈseː/, [ˈs̠e̞ː] (name of letter)
  • Audio:
    		(file)
  • Syllabification:

Letter[edit]

c (lower case, upper case C)

  1. The third letter of the Finnish alphabet, called see and written in the Latin script.

Usage notes[edit]

  • Used only in loanwords. In more established loanwords replaced with k or s.

See also[edit]

Noun[edit]

c

  1. (music) C (note)

Usage notes[edit]

Capitalized for the great octave or any octave below that, or in names of major keys; not capitalized for the small octave or any octave above that, or in names of minor keys.

Declension[edit]

Declension of c (type maa)
singular plural
nominative c c:t
genitive c:n c:iden
c:itten
partitive c:tä c:itä
accusative c
c:n 		c:t
inessive c:ssä c:issä
elative c:stä c:istä
illative c:hen c:ihin
adessive c:llä c:illä
ablative c:ltä c:iltä
allative c:lle c:ille
essive c:nä c:inä
translative c:ksi c:iksi
instructive – c:in
abessive c:ttä c:ittä
comitative – c:ineen

French[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

c (lower case, upper case C)

  1. The third letter of the French alphabet, written in the Latin script.
    • 1837, Louis Viardot, L’Ingénieux Hidalgo Don Quichotte de la Manche‎fr.Wikisource, translation of El ingenioso hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha by Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, Chapter I:
      Avec ces propos et d’autres semblables, le pauvre gentilhomme perdait le jugement. Il passait les nuits et se donnait la torture pour les comprendre, pour les approfondir, pour leur tirer le sens des entrailles, ce qu’Aristote lui-même n’aurait pu faire, s’il fût ressuscité tout exprès pour cela.
      (please add an English translation of this quote)
      With these passages and other similar ones, the poor gentleman lost his judgement. He spent his nights and tortured himself to understand them, to consider them more deeply, to take from them their deepest meaning, which Aristotle himself would not have been able to do, had he been resurrected for that very purpose.

Contraction[edit]

c

  1. (text messaging, Internet slang) Informal spelling of c'est
    C nul ici sans George
    It's rubbish here without George

Fula[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

c (lower case, upper case C)

  1. A letter of the Fula alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Usage notes[edit]

See also[edit]

Hungarian[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

c (lower case, upper case C)

  1. The fourth letter of the Hungarian alphabet, called cé and written in the Latin script.

Declension[edit]

Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, front unrounded harmony)
singular plural
nominative c c-k
accusative c-t c-ket
dative c-nek c-knek
instrumental c-vel c-kkel
causal-final c-ért c-kért
translative c-vé c-kké
terminative c-ig c-kig
essive-formal c-ként c-kként
essive-modal — —
inessive c-ben c-kben
superessive c-n c-ken
adessive c-nél c-knél
illative c-be c-kbe
sublative c-re c-kre
allative c-hez c-khez
elative c-ből c-kből
delative c-ről c-kről
ablative c-től c-ktől
non-attributive
possessive - singular 		c-é c-ké
non-attributive
possessive - plural 		c-éi c-kéi
Possessive forms of c
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. c-m c-im
2nd person sing. c-d c-id
3rd person sing. c-je c-i
1st person plural c-nk c-ink
2nd person plural c-tek c-itek
3rd person plural c-jük c-ik

Derived terms[edit]

See also[edit]

Ido[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • (context pronunciation) IPA(key): /ts/
  • (letter name) IPA(key): /tse/

Letter[edit]

c (upper case C)

  1. The third letter of the Ido alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also[edit]

Indonesian[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • (letter name): IPA(key): /t͡ʃe/ (standard)
  • (letter name): IPA(key): /se/ (variant, Dutch-influenced)
  • (phoneme): IPA(key): /tʃ/

Letter[edit]

c (lower case, upper case C)

  1. The third letter of the Indonesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also[edit]

Interlingua[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • (letter name): IPA(key): /tse/
  • (phoneme): IPA(key): /k/ before 'a'/'o'/'u', /ts/ before 'i'/'e'/'y'

Letter[edit]

c (lower case, upper case C)

  1. The third letter of the Interlingua alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also[edit]

Italian[edit]

Noun[edit]

c m or f (invariable)

  1. see under C

Japanese[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Short of ちゃん (chan).

Suffix[edit]

c(ちゃん) • (-chan) 

  1. (teen girl's slang) Alternative spelling of ちゃん (chan)

Related terms[edit]

Latvian[edit]

Latvian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia lv

Etymology[edit]

Proposed in 1908 as part of the new Latvian spelling by the scientific commission headed by K. Mīlenbahs, which was accepted and began to be taught in schools in 1909. Prior to that, Latvian had been written in German Fraktur, and sporadically in Cyrillic.

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

C

c (lower case, upper case C)

  1. The fourth letter of the Latvian alphabet, called cē and written in the Latin script.

See also[edit]

Lushootseed[edit]

Letter[edit]

c

  1. The fifth letter of the Lushootseed alphabet, pronounced as a voiceless alveolar affricate.

Malay[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

c (lower case, upper case C)

  1. The third letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also[edit]

Norwegian Bokmål[edit]

Norwegian Bokmål Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia nb
The letter C, c from the Norwegian alphabet, in two different fonts.

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Latin c, from the uppercase letter C, from Etruscan Etruscan 𐌂 (c), from Ancient Greek Γ (G, “Gamma”), from Phoenician 𐤂‎ (g, “gimel”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

c (uppercase C)

  1. The third letter of the Norwegian Bokmål alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also[edit]

Noun[edit]

c m (definite singular c-en, indefinite plural c-er, definite plural c-ene)

  1. the letter c, the third letter of the Norwegian alphabet
  2. indicates the third entry in a list, order or rank
    • 1857, Henrik Wergeland, Samlede Skrifter VIII, page 515:
      [jeg har] allerede sagt A. Traditionen vil nok lægge B. og C. til
      [I have] already said A. Tradition will probably add B. and C. to
    • 1939, Knut Hamsun, Artikler, page 100:
      historie er, hvad A mener til forskel fra B, og hvad C igen mener til forskel fra A og B
      history is what A means as a difference from B, and what C in turn means as a difference from A and B
  3. (music) C, c-note (the first note in the C chromatic and major scales; the lowest note of an instrument, written below the staff and the D note)
    • 1997, Tove Nilsen, G for Georg, page 42:
      så gal at man virkelig tror at svaler er g-nøkler og bass-nøkler og a’er og c’er som svever rundt hverandre og lager konsert i himmelen
      so crazy that you really think swallows are g-keys and bass-keys and a's and c's floating around each other and making a concert in the sky
    den høye C ― high C
    • 1939, Knut Hamsun, Artikler, page 100:
      [de] larmet ikke og gik ikke og tok det høie C
      [they] did not make noise and did not go and did the high C
    • 1999, Børre Qvamme, Opera, operette og ballett gjennom tidene, page 70:
      Duprez vakte sensasjon ved sine ut de poitrine, høy c tatt som brysttone
      Duprez aroused sensation by his out de poitrine, high c taken as chest tone
    • 2000, Pål Gerhard Olsen, Fredstid:
      han gjør stolen hennes tobent så hun når den høye c av forskrekkelse
      he makes her chair two-legged so she reaches the high c out of fright
  4. (grammar) Abbreviation of genus commune.

Usage notes[edit]

  • Only used in words of foreign origin, usually English. Even rare in loanwords, as this letter does not represent a sound of its own.
  • Still kept in many Christian names, therefore Caroline and Karoline are both acceptable spellings.

Etymology 2[edit]

Abbreviation of centi- (“centi-”), from Latin centum (“hundred”), from Proto-Italic *kentom (“hundred”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm (“hundred”), from *déḱm̥ (“ten”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Symbol[edit]

c

  1. Abbreviation of centi-.

Etymology 3[edit]

Abbreviation of cent, from English cent, from Middle English cent, from Old French cent (“one hundred”), from Latin centum (“hundred”), from Proto-Italic *kentom (“hundred”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm (“hundred”), from *déḱm̥ (“ten”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Symbol[edit]

c

  1. Abbreviation of cent.

Etymology 4[edit]

Abbreviation of centime, from French centime, from cent (“hundred”), from Middle French cent, from Old French cent (“hundred”), from Latin centum (“hundred”), from Proto-Italic *kentom (“hundred”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm (“hundred”), from *déḱm̥ (“ten”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Symbol[edit]

c

  1. Abbreviation of centime.

Etymology 5[edit]

Abbreviation of centavo, from Spanish centavo (from ciento, from Old Spanish) and Portuguese centavo (from cento, from Old Portuguese cento), both stemming from Latin centum (“hundred”), from Proto-Italic *kentom (“hundred”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm (“hundred”), from *déḱm̥ (“ten”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Symbol[edit]

c

  1. Abbreviation of centavo.

Etymology 6[edit]

Abbreviation of cykel, from Ancient Greek κῠ́κλος (kúklos), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷékʷlos (“circle, wheel”), from *kʷel- (“to turn”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Symbol[edit]

c

  1. (physics) Abbreviation of cykel.

References[edit]

Anagrams[edit]

Polish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

c (upper case C, lower case)

  1. The fourth letter of the Polish alphabet, called ce and written in the Latin script.

See also[edit]

Portuguese[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

c (lower case, upper case C)

  1. The third letter of the Portuguese alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

From cê, short form of você (“you”).

Pronoun[edit]

c m or f (plural 6)

  1. (Internet slang) Abbreviation of você.
    Synonym: vc

Etymology 3[edit]

Preposition[edit]

c

  1. Abbreviation of com.

Romani[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

c (lower case, upper case C)

  1. The third letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  • Yūsuke Sumi (2018), “C, c”, in ニューエクスプレス　ロマ（ジプシー）語 [New Express Romani (Gypsy)] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha, →ISBN, page 13

Romanian[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

c (lower case, upper case C)

  1. The fifth letter of the Romanian alphabet, called ce or cî and written in the Latin script.

Usage notes[edit]

See C for pronunciation notes.

See also[edit]

Serbo-Croatian[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

  • (uppercase): C

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

c (Cyrillic spelling ц)

  1. The 3rd letter of the Serbo-Croatian Latin alphabet (gajica), preceded by b and followed by č.

Skolt Sami[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

c (upper case C)

  1. The fourth letter of the Skolt Sami alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also[edit]

Somali[edit]

Letter[edit]

c lower case (upper case C)

  1. The twelfth letter of the Somali alphabet, called cayn and written in the Latin script.

See also[edit]

Spanish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

(phoneme)

  • IPA(key): (Spain) /θ/, [θ]
  • IPA(key): (Latin America) /s/, [s]

(letter name)

  • IPA(key): (Spain) /ˈθe/, [ˈθe]
  • IPA(key): (Latin America) /ˈse/, [ˈse]
  • Audio (Spain)
    		(file)

Letter[edit]

c (lower case, upper case C)

  1. The third letter of the Spanish alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Swedish[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

See the etymology at #Translingual.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • (letter name): IPA(key): /seː/
  • (phoneme): IPA(key): /s/, /k/

Letter[edit]

c (lower case, upper case C)

  1. The third letter of the Swedish alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Proper noun[edit]

c ? (genitive c:s)

  1. Abbreviation of Centerpartiet (“Centre Party”).

Alternative forms[edit]

Tagalog[edit]

Particle[edit]

c

  1. (text messaging) Alternative spelling of si

Turkish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • (phoneme): IPA(key): /d͡ʒ/
  • (letter name): IPA(key): /d͡ʒeː/

Letter[edit]

c (lower case, upper case C)

  1. The third letter of the Turkish alphabet, called ce and written in the Latin script.

See also[edit]

Welsh[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

c (lower case, upper case C)

  1. The third letter of the Welsh alphabet, called ec and written in the Latin script. It is preceded by b and followed by ch.

Mutation[edit]

Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal aspirate
cath gath nghath chath
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

See also[edit]

Further reading[edit]

  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), chapter C, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

Zulu[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

c (lower case, upper case C)

  1. The third letter of the Zulu alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also[edit]

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